民商法学与经济法学专业词汇 民商法学与经济法学专业词汇 Civil Laws,Commercial Laws and Economic Laws 按照出资比例：in proportion to one's respective contributions to the investmen 办理注销登记：cancel the registration 被代理人：the principal 被侵权人the infringed 本人名义：in one'Sna 标的subject matter 补偿制度compensation system 不动产登记制Lot and Block System 财产法property law 财产的添附aC retion of property:property accession 财产抵押权property mortgage 财产继承权：the right of inheritance 财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships 财产管理人property administrator;custodian of property 财产混同confusion:hotchpots 财产留置权 encumbrance 采用书面形式：in writing 仓单warehouse voucher 草签合同initial a contract;sign a referendum contract;ad referendum contract 长期合同long-term contract 偿付能力solvency capability of reimbursement 超越代理权：beyon the scope of one's power of agency 撤消合同cancellation of contract 撤销合同cancel a contract;rescind a contract:avoid a contract 撤销权right of rescission:right of revocation 撤销要约revocation of offer;revoke an offe 撒销遗赠 ca vill:revocation of will 承运人actua fault of the carrier 承运人的留置权carrier's lien 诚信原则principle of good faith 诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility;principle of honesty and good faith:good faith principle bona fide principle 船舶承租人charterer
1 民商法学与经济法学专业词汇 民商法学与经济法学专业词汇 Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws 按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investmen t 办理注销登记：cancel the registration 被代理人：the principal 被侵权人 the infringed 本人名义：in one’s name 标的 subject matter 补偿制度 compensation system 不动产登记制 Lot and Block System 财产法 property law 财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession 财产抵押权 property mortgage 财产继承权：the right of inheritance 财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships 财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property 财产混同 confusion; hotchpots 财产留置权 encumbrance 采用书面形式：in writing 仓单 warehouse voucher 草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract 长期合同 long-term contract 偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement 超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency 撤消合同 cancellation of contract 撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract 撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation 撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer 撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocation of will 承运人 actual fault of the carrier 承运人的留置权 carrier’s lien 诚信原则 principle of good faith 诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honesty and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle 船舶承租人 charterer
船舶抵押权right of mortgage with respect to a ship;mortgage of the ship;ship rtgag 船的抵押权的设定establishment of mortgage of the ship 船舶抵押的消灭extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship 船舶抵押权登记registration of ship mortgage 船的留置权possessory1ien:：lien of ship 村民委员会：the village committee dama。 e advantage of one's unfavorable position 处分财产dispose of properties 处分权act of disposition 处分原则principle of disposition 代理民事活动：b represented in civil activities by 代理权终止：the expiration of one s power of agency 单独承担的责任undivided responsibility 单方法律行为unilateral obligation 单方行政行为unilateral administrative act 等价右偿，making 对价consideration 对抗措施counter measure 对人权right in personam;personal right 对世权real right:right in rem 恶意串通：conspire maliciously 恶意行为ill will mala fide 法人judicial person;legal body 法人的权利能力legal capacity of juristic person 法人的责任能力capacity for responsibility of juristic person 法人权限corporate power 法人人格corporate personality 法人身份 status of a legal person 法人团体corporation 法人资格corporate capacity 法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person 负共同连带责任liable jointly and severally 负全部责任 ear all responsibilities;in all charge 负有解释的义务accountable
2 船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortgage of the ship; ship mortgage 船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship 船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship 船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage 船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship 村民委员会：the village committee 惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages 乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position 处分财产 dispose of properties 处分权 act of disposition 处分原则 principle of disposition 代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by 代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency 单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility 单方法律行为 unilateral obligation 单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act 等价有偿：making compensation for equal value 对等原则 principle of reciprocity 对价 consideration 对抗措施 counter measure 对人权 right in personam; personal right 对世权 real right; right in rem 恶意串通：conspire maliciously 恶意行为 ill will mala fides 法人 judicial person; legal body 法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juristic person 法人的责任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person 法人权限 corporate power 法人人格 corporate personality 法人身份 status of a legal person 法人团体 corporation 法人资格 corporate capacity 法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person 负共同连带责任 liable jointly and severally 负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge 负有解释的义务 accountable
负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors 附带的条件incident 附带要求contingent claim 附带原因contributory cause;inherent cause 附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts 附条件的权利conditional right 赋子权力entitle 个体工商户：individual busine 个人合伙：individual partnership 各尽所能，按劳分配from each according to his ability,to each according to his needs 给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party 工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce 公民基本义务fundamental duties of citizens 合同contract 合同法contract law 合同副本copies of the contract 合同规定contract provisions/.stipulations 合同履行地法lex loci contracts 合同期限contract period(or contract term) 合同条款contract terms(or contract clause) 合同有效期contract life 合同正本originals of the contract 合伙人：partners 合议制collegial system 核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered 恢复原状recovery of original state;restitution;restoration of he original co nditions:retitutio in integrum 集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership 技术合同纠纷案件controversy over a technology contract 监护人， 经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority 居民委员会：the neighborhood committee 履行监护职责：fulfil1 duty of guardianship 埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object 买实、出租、抵押、转让： he s old,leased,mortgaged or transferred 农村承包经营户：lease holding farm households
3 负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors 附带的条件 incident 附带要求 contingent claim 附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause 附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts 附条件的权利 conditional right 赋予权力 entitle 个体工商户：individual businesses 个人合伙：individual partnership 各尽所能，按劳分配 from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs 给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party 工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce 公民基本义务 fundamental duties of citizens 合同 contract 合同法 contract law 合同副本 copies of the contract 合同规定 contract provisions/stipulations 合同履行地法 lex loci contracts 合同期限 contract period (or contract term) 合同条款 contract terms (or contract clause) 合同有效期 contract life 合同正本 originals of the contract 合伙人：partners 合议制 collegial system 核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered 恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original co nditions; retitutio in integrum 集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership 技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a technology contract 监护人：guardian 经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority 居民委员会：the neighborhood committee 履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship 埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object 买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred 农村承包经营户：lease holding farm households
平等主体：civil subiects with equal status 企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person 企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal persor 企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person 契约自由liberty of contract 取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis 取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person 全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people alien:alienate:assign:cede 让与的利益benefit of cession 让与权benefit of cession 设定义务的规则rule of imposing duty 设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish,change or terminate civil relationship 所有权ownership 书面合同a written contract 双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double 双方法律行为bilateral legal transaction 擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily 他物权righ property of another 提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge 违反合同breach of contract 委托代理：entrusted agency 委托代理人：an entrusted agent 无过错贵任1 iability without negligence 无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct 无因管理：act as■anager or provide services in order to protect another person s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so 下落不明one's whereabouts have been unknown 限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct 享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditor 行使代理权：exercise the pox r of agency 宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare·to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct 遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects,flotsam 以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset th e debt or have priority in satisfying his cl out of the the sa of the pledge 以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which concea
4 平等主体：civil subjects with equal status 企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person 企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person 企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person 契约自由 liberty of contract 取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis 取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person 全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people 让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede 让与的利益 benefit of cession 让与权 benefit of cession 设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty 设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship 所有权 ownership 书面合同 a written contract 双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double 双方法律行为 bilateral legal transaction 擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily 他物权 right over the property of another 提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge 违反合同 breach of contract 委托代理：entrusted agency 委托代理人：an entrusted agent 无过错责任 liability without negligence 无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct 无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’ s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so 下落不明 one’s whereabouts have been unknown 限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct 享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors 行使代理权：exercise the power of agency 宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare … to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct 遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam 以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset th e debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sa le of the pledge 以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which concea
1 illegitimate purposes 以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion 实他 s intention the intention expressed is genuine 优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption 优先权priority,,preemptive right 有过错的一方：the erring party 右连带责任的con iunct1y 有权向债务人追偿 to claim repayment from the debt 造成财产损失：cause any property loss 责任能力capacity for responsibility 责任年龄capacity of responsibility:year of discretion 债的标的obiect of obligation 债的发生creation of obligation 债的消灭extinction of obligation 占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property 指定代理：appointed agency 执行合同carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract 主要办事机构：the main administrative office 追偿：claim compensation from 住所：domicile 汉英对照分类法律词汇（刑法学、行政法学） Criminal Laws and Administrative Laws 帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evi denc 绑架妇女儿童罪crime of kidnapping women and children 包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate 包庇毒品犯罪分子罪crime of harboring drug criminals 报复陷害罪case of retaliation and frame--ups 必要共同犯罪indispensable joint crime 并科原则doctrine of cumulating punishments 5
5 l illegitimate purposes 以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion 意思表示 show one’s intention 意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine 优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption 优先权 priority, preemptive right 有过错的一方：the erring party 有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally 有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debt 造成财产损失：cause any property loss 责任能力 capacity for responsibility 责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion 债的标的 object of obligation 债的发生 creation of obligation 债的消灭 extinction of obligation 占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property 指定代理：appointed agency 执行合同 carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract 主要办事机构：the main administrative office 追偿：claim compensation from 住所：domicile 汉英对照分类法律词汇（刑法学、行政法学） Criminal Laws and Administrative Laws 帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪 crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evi dence 绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping women and children 包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪 crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate 包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals 报复陷害罪 case of retaliation and frame-ups 必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crime 并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punishments
剥夺权利deprival of rights 不能犯impossibility:unrealized offense 参加恐怖活动组织罪crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terro rist activities 超越管辖权excess of jurisdiction 超越职权范围overstep one‘s authority 惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment with leniency 惩办少数、改造多数的原则principle of punishing the few and reforming the m any 惩罚措施punitive measure 惩罚性制裁punitive sanction 惩罚与教有相结合combination of punishment and education 处以刑罚inflict punishment 处以有期徒刑sentence to fixed-term imprisonment 触犯法律break the law: violate the law 抽逃出资罪crime of f1 ight of capital contribution 抽象行政行为abstract administrative act 出口编税犯罪话动criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in expc 出售伪造发票罪crime of selling counterfeit currency 出于对法律的无知from ignorance of law 出于恶意from malevolence 从轻处罚give a lesser punishment 从重处罚give a severer punishment 单位受贿罪crime of bribe taken by a unit 6
6 剥夺权利 deprival of rights 不能犯 impossibility； unrealized offense 参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terro rist activities 超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction 超越职权范围 overstep one‘s authority 惩办和宽大相结合 combine punishment with leniency 惩办少数、改造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the m any 惩罚措施 punitive measure 惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction 惩罚与教育相结合 combination of punishment and education 处以刑罚 inflict punishment 处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term imprisonment 触犯法律 break the law； violate the law 抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution 抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act 出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in expo rt 出售伪造发票罪 crime of selling counterfeit currency 出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law 出于恶意 from malevolence 从轻处罚 give a lesser punishment 从重处罚 give a severer punishment 单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit
单一犯罪构成single constitution of crime 盗伐林木罪crime of illegally chopping down trees:crime of illegally fell ing trees 盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪crime of stealing or seizing guns,ammuniti on or explosives 盗窃犯theft act:larcenist 读职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty 对象不能犯object impossibility 多次作案repeatedly commit crimes 罚不当罪punishment does not fit the crime 犯意criminal intent:means real 犯罪低龄化lowering ages of criminal offenders 犯罪动机criminal motive 犯罪构成constitution of a crime;constitutive elements of a crime 犯罪构成要件special constitutive elements of crime 犯罪故意criminal intent::guilty intent:means rea 犯罪集团criminal gang:criminal group 犯罪客观要件objective circumstances of a crime 犯罪客体criminal object:object of a crime 犯罪实行终了completion of a criminal act 犯罪学criminology 犯罪预防crime prevention 犯罪中止discontinuance of crime:desistance of crime 犯罪主观方面要素subjective elements of crime 犯罪主体subject of crime >
7 单一犯罪构成 single constitution of crime 盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally chopping down trees； crime of illegally fell ing trees 盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪 crime of stealing or seizing guns， ammuniti on or explosives 盗窃犯 theft act； larcenist 渎职犯罪案件 case of dereliction of duty 对象不能犯 object impossibility 多次作案 repeatedly commit crimes 罚不当罪 punishment does not fit the crime 犯意 criminal intent； means real 犯罪低龄化 lowering ages of criminal offenders 犯罪动机 criminal motive 犯罪构成 constitution of a crime； constitutive elements of a crime 犯罪构成要件 special constitutive elements of crime 犯罪故意 criminal intent； guilty intent； means real 犯罪集团 criminal gang； criminal group 犯罪客观要件 objective circumstances of a crime 犯罪客体 criminal object； object of a crime 犯罪实行终了 completion of a criminal act 犯罪学 criminology 犯罪预防 crime prevention 犯罪中止 discontinuance of crime； desistance of crime 犯罪主观方面要素 subjective elements of crime 犯罪主体 subject of crime
犯罪若手initiate a crime 犯罪组织criminal organization 贩卖毒品罪drug offense:crime of drug trafficking 防卫过当unjustifiable self--defense 防卫挑拨instigation of defense:provocation of defense 防卫限度limit of defense 防止类似事件重演prevent the recurrence of similar incidents 妨f碍公务罪crime of disrupting public service 妨害公共安全罪crime of impairing public security 放弃权利withdraw a claim:waive a right 非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪crime of illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition 非法持有毒品罪crime of illegally holding drugs 非法千涉illegal intervention 非法干预unlawful interference 非法出售增值税专用发票罪crime of illegal selling invoice for exclusive use of VAT 非法活动unlawful activities 非法利益unlawful interests 非法手段illegal means 非强制性行政行为non-coercive form of administrative action 非正式的informal:irregular 非政府机关no governmental organization 非主要条件non-essential stipulation 非专业的non-professional 8
8 犯罪着手 initiate a crime 犯罪组织 criminal organization 贩卖毒品罪 drug offense； crime of drug trafficking 防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense 防卫挑拨 instigation of defense； provocation of defense 防卫限度 limit of defense 防止类似事件重演 prevent the recurrence of similar incidents 妨碍公务罪 crime of disrupting public service 妨害公共安全罪 crime of impairing public security 放弃权利 withdraw a claim； waive a right 非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪 crime of illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition 非法持有毒品罪 crime of illegally holding drugs 非法干涉 illegal intervention 非法干预 unlawful interference 非法出售增值税专用发票罪 crime of illegal selling invoice for exclusive use of VAT 非法活动 unlawful activities 非法利益 unlawful interests 非法手段 illegal means 非强制性行政行为 non-coercive form of administrative action 非正式的 informal； irregular 非政府机关 non-governmental organization 非主要条件 non-essential stipulation 非专业的 non-professional
诽谤罪crime of defamation 隔地犯offense of segregation by location 隔时犯offense of segregation by time 工其不能犯impossibility of instruments 故意犯罪calculated crime;intentional crime 故意杀人罪crime of intentional homicide 故意伤害罪crime of willful and malicious injury 管辖：jurisdiction 惯犯habitual criminal 惯例custom and usage 过失犯罪criminal negligence:involuntary crime:negligent crim 国家赔偿案件case of state compensation 国家赔偿的归责原则principle of culpability for state compensation 国家赔偿的双重过错原则principle of dual faults for state compensation 国家赔偿法state compensation law 国家赔偿主体subject of state compensation 国家权力机关state authority 国际审判机关state judicial organs 国家行政机关state administrative organs 国家意志state‘s will 国家职能function of the state 国民待遇national treatment 黑社会性质的犯罪集团gangland criminal syndicate:afia-style criminal gang 缓期二年执行with a two--year reprieve 9
9 诽谤罪 crime of defamation 隔地犯 offense of segregation by location 隔时犯 offense of segregation by time 工具不能犯 impossibility of instruments 故意犯罪 calculated crime； intentional crime 故意杀人罪 crime of intentional homicide 故意伤害罪 crime of willful and malicious injury 管辖：jurisdiction 惯犯 habitual criminal 惯例 custom and usage 过失犯罪 criminal negligence； involuntary crime； negligent crime 国家赔偿案件 case of state compensation 国家赔偿的归责原则 principle of culpability for state compensation 国家赔偿的双重过错原则 principle of dual faults for state compensation 国家赔偿法 state compensation law 国家赔偿主体 subject of state compensation 国家权力机关 state authority 国际审判机关 state judicial organs 国家行政机关 state administrative organs 国家意志 state‘s will 国家职能 function of the state 国民待遇 national treatment 黑社会性质的犯罪集团 gangland criminal syndicate； mafia-style criminal gang 缓期二年执行 with a two-year reprieve
缓刑probate cessat execution 集合犯aggregate offense:collective offense 既遂犯accomplished crime 继承法inheritance law 继续犯continuous crime 加重处罚give an aggravated punishment beyond the maximum prescribed 假冒他人注册商标罪crime of counterfeiting the registered trademark of another 假释parole 假想防卫imaginative defense 假想数罪i图ginatively several crimes 简单共同犯罪simple joint crime 间接故意indirect intent:indirect intention 教唆未遂attempt of solicitation 劫持船只、汽车罪crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile 劫持航空器罪crime of sk灯yjacking 结果犯consequential offend 结果加重犯aggregated consequential offense 结合犯combinative crime:integrated offense se 拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪crime of refusing o execute judgments or orders of the People‘s Court 具结悔过make a statement of repentance 具体行政行为specific administrative act 具体罪名concrete accusation 绝对不确定法定刑absolutely indeterminate statutory punishment
10 缓刑 probate cessat execution 集合犯 aggregate offense； collective offense 既遂犯 accomplished crime 继承法 inheritance law 继续犯 continuous crime 加重处罚 give an aggravated punishment beyond the maximum prescribed 假冒他人注册商标罪 crime of counterfeiting the registered trademark of another 假释 parole 假想防卫 imaginative defense 假想数罪 imaginatively several crimes 简单共同犯罪 simple joint crime 间接故意 indirect intent； indirect intention 教唆未遂 attempt of solicitation 劫持船只、汽车罪 crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile 劫持航空器罪 crime of skyjacking 结果犯 consequential offend 结果加重犯 aggregated consequential offense 结合犯 combinative crime； integrated offense se 拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪 crime of refusing o execute judgments or orders of the People‘s Court 具结悔过 make a statement of repentance 具体行政行为 specific administrative act 具体罪名 concrete accusation 绝对不确定法定刑 absolutely indeterminate statutory punishment