《大学英语读写》课程教学资源（精讲三级教案）Unit 7 The Shelter.doc_大学文库

Civil defense is the national program of the U.S.to safeguard civilian life and property.With the coming of the age of missiles and rockets,civil defense has become aprogram for national With the menace of missiles,people may be doomed by fallout(放射性尘埃) the dangerous radioactive particles or dust that is left in the air after a nuclear explosion.There is no practical way to protect people in the immediate range of a nuclear explosion.Civil defense,therefore,must be based primarily on a system of fallout shelt In 1961,the federal government of the U.S.began to survey to find shelter spaces in factories,office buildings,and other places.These shelters were to be stocked with essential supplies,marked for identification,and made available to the public in an emergency. (2)Missiles Air-to-air and air-to-surface guided missiles are generally short-range.light rocket-powered projectiles with sophisticated internal guidance systems.Both types were tested in wartime Germany,and the German radio-controlled glide bombs were responsible for sinking numerous Allied ships.Although these early missile weapons relied on optical tracking nd c ontrol from t ai uedsiependnthertarget-ngmechanid -ground 3.Introductory Remarks Drama is one of several methods of telling a story.It differs from the novel in that the story is not told directly by the author but is acted on a stage by actors before.Strictly speakingaprinted play isnotaplay ntil itisacted reding hearing the characters in action Most critics agree that the essence of drama is conflict.A conflict is a clash of actions,ideas,desires or wills.It may happen in different forms:man against man,man against environment or man against himself.The conflict becomes more and more intensified as the play m on until it reaches its climax,the point of the greatest tension. When the story is over,we are able to see wha it all amounts to what the playwright has been gradually disclosing throughout the play.Only then can we define and assess the theme,a kind of generalization about life embodied in the story. Step Two Global reading (1)Questions (1)What is going on at Dr.Stockton's one summer evening. (2)Why does Stockton refuse to share his bomb shelter with his neighbors? (3)What is Stockton's reason for refusing his neighbors to come into the shelter? (4)What do the neighbors intend to do when they gather before the Stockton (5)How do the Stocktons put resistance against their neighbors'intrusion? (6)What do the neighbors think of their own behavior once the crisis (7)What conclusions does Stockton draw from the events of the evening?

Civil defense is the national program of the U. S. to safeguard civilian life and property. With the coming of the age of missiles and rockets, civil defense has become a program for national survival. With the menace of missiles, people may be doomed by fallout (放射性尘埃) — the dangerous radioactive particles or dust that is left in the air after a nuclear explosion. There is no practical way to protect people in the immediate range of a nuclear explosion. Civil defense, therefore, must be based primarily on a system of fallout shelters. In 1961, the federal government of the U. S. began to survey to find shelter spaces in factories, office buildings, and other places. These shelters were to be stocked with essential supplies, marked for identification, and made available to the public in an emergency. (2) Missiles Air-to-air and air-to-surface guided missiles are generally short-range, light, rocket-powered projectiles with sophisticated internal guidance systems. Both types were tested in wartime Germany, and the German radio-controlled glide bombs were responsible for sinking numerous Allied ships. Although these early missile weapons relied on optical tracking and control from parent aircraft, most current air-to-ground guided missiles depend on their own target-sensing mechanism once launched. 3. Introductory Remarks Drama is one of several methods of telling a story. It differs from the novel in that the story is not told directly by the author but is acted on a stage by actors before an audience. Strictly speaking, a printed play is not a play until it is acted. So, when reading plays, we must imagine seeing and hearing the characters in action.Most critics agree that the essence of drama is conflict. A conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, desires or wills. It may happen in different forms: man against man, man against environment or man against himself. The conflict becomes more and more intensified as the play moves on until it reaches its climax, the point of the greatest excitement or tension. When the story is over, we are able to see what it all amounts to what the playwright has been gradually disclosing throughout the play. Only then can we define and assess the theme, a kind of generalization about life embodied in the story. Step Two Global reading (1) Questions (1) What is going on at Dr. Stockton’s one summer evening? (2) Why does Stockton refuse to share his bomb shelter with his neighbors? (3) What is Stockton’s reason for refusing his neighbors to come into the shelter? (4) What do the neighbors intend to do when they gather before the Stockton house with a giant log? (5) How do the Stocktons put resistance against their neighbors’ intrusion? (6) What do the neighbors think of their own behavior once the crisis (7) What conclusions does Stockton draw from the events of the evening?

2. Structure 1. Part 1: Para. 1-2 The story began at Dr. Stockton’s house, where a birthday party was held one summer evening. It was suddenly broken up by an unexpected emergent radio announcement of suspected enemy missiles approaching. The guests hurried home but came back soon. Part 2: Para. 3 (Act Two → A chorus of voices greet this with assent.) The neighbors wanted to share Dr. Stockton ’ s bomb shelter for their own security, but were refused because there was no more room. Part3: 4~9 (A chorus of voices greet this with assent. → Then from the portable radio in the corner comes. ) The crowd argued, quarreled and even fought for a chance to go into the shelter but still failed. So they smashed the door open. Part4 : 9 (Then from the portable radio in the corner comes. → the end.) In the end, the suspected missiles proved to be only a satellite. The Stocktons, their friends and neighbors were all spared from a bomb, but there would be no more friendship and neighborhood harmony among them. 3. Rhetorical & Stylistic Analysis Directions: This text is an abridged version of Act Two of the television play “The Shelter”, which first appeared on the CBS Television Networks in 1961. Read the present play quickly and grasp the following elements of the drama. Key Elements The Drama of The Shelter Time One summer evening Scene Dr. Stockton’s house Characters Dr. Stockton, his wife Grace Stockton and his son Paul Stockton Henderson, Mrs. Henderson Marty Weiss, Mrs. Weiss Jerry Harlowe, Mrs. Harlowe Man # 1 Conflicts At the surface level: people vs. people (e.g. Stockton vs. the others; Weiss vs. the Hendersons; Harlowe vs. the others) At the deep level: man vs. himself (his own selfishness because everyone in the play is selfish although in varying degrees) Climax The shelter door was smashed down. Outcome The “enemy missiles” turned out to be satellites. All the characters were in an awkward situation because something valuable was destroyed. Theme In some cases, human’s selfishness, which is usually hidden underneath, is more dangerous to human society than nuclear missiles

Step Three Detailed study Explain the important and difficult points in the text, including the usage of new words and phrases, structure of complex sentences and relevant grammar. 1. In the midst of it comes unexpectedly over the radio the announcement of the President of the United States declaring a state of emergency for suspected enemy missiles approaching. (1) in the midst of: be in the middle of, in the course of e.g. I saw him in the midst of a crowd. They are in the midst of cleaning their room. (2) Why is an inverted order used here? It is used to emphasize the adverbial. (3) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 庆祝活动正在进行时，收音机里出乎意料地传来美国总统的公告，因怀疑敌方导弹可能飞近，宣布全国处于紧急状态。 2. The party breaks up and the neighbors hurry home. (1) break up: if a meeting or party breaks up, people start to leave; when a school breaks up, it closes for a holiday e.g. The discussion didn’t break up until 10 p.m. The school breaks up on Friday. break down （机器）出了毛病；毁掉 break into 闯入 break off 暂停；中断 break in 打断；插嘴；闯入 break through 突破；冲破 3. abridge abridge: v. make shorter Aero plane abridges the distance. I have to abridge my stay here. abridge, shorten & abbreviate 这三个动词均含有“缩减”的意思。 abridge 使变短，既可指尺寸，也可指时间。 shorten 删去次要部分而保留其核心部分。 abbreviate 尤指词的缩短，也可指句、文章、时间等的缩短，还可指单词拼法的缩写，常指取一个复合名词的第一个字母。如：WHO, UN 等。 e.g. I have to abridge my stay here. “Hour” is abbreviated to “hr.” Can you shorten my overcoat? 4. Maybe we ought to pick out just one basement and go to work on it. Pool all our stuff. Meaning: choose the basement of one of our houses and turn it into a shelter. Put all our things together. 5. Let’s just go down into his basement and break down the door? Meaning: This is an imperative sentence said in a questioning tone. It shows that

Henderson is sure that the others will agree with his suggestions 6.A chorus of voices greet this with assent. es"to Henderson's suggestion at the same time As HE NDERSON oward the basement entrance.HARLOWE overtakes him saving: (1)overtake:v.catch up with;surpass e.g.When I eventually overtook the last truck,I pulled over to the inside lane. China overtook many countries in steel prod ction overtake exc 这三个动词都含有“超过”意思。 overtake闲移动速度快而轩上并超讨路上的车辆、行人或动物。 He ran out of the door to overtake her exceed某事物大于某个数量或数字，还可以表示超越了规定或规则。 The driver a ished for exceeding the speed limit surpass较正式用词，指 ·事初（或人）比另一事物或人好，或者比另一事物更具有某种特点，也可以指超越某人期望的或能理解的范围。例如： His performance surpassed expectations. 8.Even if we were to break down the door.it couldn't accommodate all of us. accommodate if a room,building etc can accommodate a particular number of people or things,it has enough space for them e.g.The auditorium can accommodate 20,000 people. The minibus accommodates twelve people quite comfortably. be accommodated at./in a hotel在一家旅店住宿 accommodate sb.for the night留某人过夜 accommo sth.to sth 适应 accommodate sb..with(a room and a bed)给某人提供（一个房间、一张床） 9.We'd just be killing everybody and for no reason. Meaning:We'd just be killing everybody and for no reason if we were to break down the door 10.Plead with him plead: ask for sth.that you want very much,in a sincere and emotional way e.g.When the rent was due,Tom pleaded with the landlady for more time. His parents pleaded with the teacher to give their son another chance. Pattern:plead for sth plead with sb.(todosth) plead+that clause 11.What difference does that make? make a/the difference:have an important effect or influence on sth.or sb. e.g.It doesn't make much difference to me whether you go or not. Love really makes a differe net mes 12.If you're going to start trying to argue about who deserves to live more than the next one deserve:v.have a right to;be worthy of,be fit for e.g.Those criminals deserved to be severely punished

Henderson is sure that the others will agree with his suggestions. 6. A chorus of voices greet this with assent. Meaning: Many voices say “yes” to Henderson’s suggestion at the same time. 7. As HENDERSON rushes through toward the basement entrance, HARLOWE overtakes him saying: (1) overtake: v. catch up with; surpass e.g. When I eventually overtook the last truck, I pulled over to the inside lane. China overtook many countries in steel production. overtake, exceed & surpass 这三个动词都含有“超过”意思。 overtake 因移动速度快而赶上并超过路上的车辆、行人或动物。 He ran out of the door to overtake her. exceed 某事物大于某个数量或数字，还可以表示超越了规定或规则。 The driver was punished for exceeding the speed limit. surpass 较正式用词，指一事物（或人）比另一事物或人好，或者比另一事物更具有某种特点，也可以指超越某人期望的或能理解的范围。例如： His performance surpassed expectations. 8. Even if we were to break down the door, it couldn’t accommodate all of us. accommodate: v. if a room, building, etc. can accommodate a particular number of people or things, it has enough space for them e.g. The auditorium can accommodate 20, 000 people. The minibus accommodates twelve people quite comfortably. be accommodated at / in a hotel 在一家旅店住宿 accommodate sb. for the night 留某人过夜 accommodate sth. to sth. 使……适应…… accommodate sb. with (a room and a bed) 给某人提供（一个房间、一张床） 9. We’d just be killing everybody and for no reason. Meaning: We’d just be killing everybody and for no reason if we were to break down the door. 10. Plead with him. plead: v. ask for sth. that you want very much, in a sincere and emotional way e.g. When the rent was due, Tom pleaded with the landlady for more time. His parents pleaded with the teacher to give their son another chance. Pattern: plead for sth. plead with sb. (to do sth.) plead + that clause 11. What difference does that make? make a / the difference: have an important effect or influence on sth. or sb. e.g. It doesn’t make much difference to me whether you go or not. Love really makes a difference sometimes. 12. If you’re going to start trying to argue about who deserves to live more than the next one deserve: v. have a right to; be worthy of; be fit for e.g. Those criminals deserved to be severely punished

His new novel deserved the high praise it received deserve&worth两个词均有“值得”意思。 erve 意为“值得”，动词，指由于品德、成就或行动而应该受到奖励、惩罚或某种待遇。例如： e.g.He played so well in the game that he deserved the medal. woh意为“值得”，介词，常指价值方面值钱或因为某事让人愉快、有益或有用而值得去做，后跟名词、代词或动名词的主动语态，不接不定式。例如： gThe jewelry worth 450 million was stolen 13.That's the way it is when the foreigners come over here. Meaning:That's the state of affairs and nothing can be done about it when the foreigners come over here. 14 It still goes weiss!I bet you're at the bottom of the list Meaning:What Hende on says still holds true:yo nd your like eare aggressiv greedy.semi-American.I'm quite sure that you would be among the last ones to be picked. 15.Keep it up,both of you.Just keep it up.We won't need a bomb.We can slaughter each other Meaning:Both of you ge on fighting.We don't need a bomb to kill us.We can kill each other bef fore the bomb attacks 16.. keep doing what you are doing:...go on refusing to let us in 17.I thought I made that clear upstairs. (1)What is the rhetorical function of this sentence? This sentence serves a rhetorical function.It re eats the original insult in a way rather than express the real surprise that the message has not beer understoo (2)Put the sentence into Chinese 我还以为在上面的时候已经把这一点讲清楚了呢！ 18.(shouts over the noise and commotion) Meaning:shouts in a voice that is louder than the noise and commotion 19.The man and boy then start to pile up a barricade.using furniture,the generator.books,any movable object they can get their hands on. Get/lay one's hands on:find:get possession of e.g.In his school days,he read everything he could get his hands on. He got his hands on the dictionary he wanted ver much Ever hing possible is being done in the way of protection in the way of:in the matter of,as regards to e.g.I am afraid I can do nothing in the way of helping you. Ours is a newly built residential district and there isn't much around here in the way of entertainment inaway在某种程度上，从某一方面看 in no way决不；无论如何都不 in one's own way自行其事 in one way or another以某种方式；不管怎样 in the way妨碍：挡路

His new novel deserved the high praise it received. deserve & worth 两个词均有“值得”意思。 deserve 意为“值得”，动词，指由于品德、成就或行动而应该受到奖励、惩罚或某种待遇。例如： e.g. He played so well in the game that he deserved the medal. worth 意为“值得”，介词，常指价值方面值钱或因为某事让人愉快、有益或有用而值得去做，后跟名词、代词或动名词的主动语态，不接不定式。例如： e.g. The jewelry worth $450 million was stolen. 13. That’s the way it is when the foreigners come over here. Meaning: That’s the state of affairs and nothing can be done about it when the foreigners come over here. 14. It still goes, Weiss! I bet you’re at the bottom of the list. Meaning: What Henderson says still holds true: you and your like are aggressive, greedy, semi-American. I’m quite sure that you would be among the last ones to be picked. 15. Keep it up, both of you. Just keep it up. We won’t need a bomb. We can slaughter each other. Meaning: Both of you go on fighting. We don’t need a bomb to kill us. We can kill each other before the bomb attacks. 16. …keep doing what you are doing:…go on refusing to let us in. 17. I thought I made that clear upstairs. (1) What is the rhetorical function of this sentence? This sentence serves a rhetorical function. It repeats the original insult in a different way rather than express the real surprise that the message has not been understood. (2) Put the sentence into Chinese. 我还以为在上面的时候已经把这一点讲清楚了呢！ 18. (shouts over the noise and commotion) Meaning: shouts in a voice that is louder than the noise and commotion. 19. The man and boy then start to pile up a barricade, using furniture, the generator, books, any movable object they can get their hands on. Get/lay one’s hands on: find; get possession of e.g. In his school days, he read everything he could get his hands on. He got his hands on the dictionary he wanted very much. 20. Everything possible is being done in the way of protection. in the way of: in the matter of; as regards to e.g. I am afraid I can do nothing in the way of helping you. Ours is a newly built residential district and there isn’t much around here in the way of entertainment. in a way 在某种程度上，从某一方面看 in no way 决不；无论如何都不 in one’s own way 自行其事 in one way or another 以某种方式；不管怎样 in the way 妨碍；挡路

in this way这样 21.The minute the mob gathers before the STOCKTON house,they smash into it. Q:What is the grammatical function of "the minute"in this sentence? A:It introduces an adverbial clause of time. 22.STOCKTON and PAUL lean against it as it starts to give under the weight,.. give under the weight:(of a substance,object,etc.)bend,move,break or change ape(as a result of a force or pressure) e.g.The branch gave under the weight of the heavy snow 23.(in a whisper his face bruised and blood clotted)Amen to that. bruise:y if part of your body bruises or if you bruise part of your body,it gets hit or hurt and a bruise appears,if a piece of fruit bruises or is bruised,it gets a bruise by being hit,dropped,et e.g.She bruised her forehead when she fel Tomatoes bruise easily. 24.I mean...well,you can understand why we blew our tops a little- blow one's top:(sl.)become very angry;explode with anger e.g.The teacher blew his top when he found Tom was late for class again. secr that Mr.Smith often blows his top at hom Meaning:we'll ask everybody to contribute money (to repair the damages)at once. 26.He looks around smiling at the others,a nervous smile born of a carry-over of fear and the realization that something has taken hold of all of them now. nething deaden ing in its effe tand dis quieting beyond w What is the grammatical functior of“born of"? "Born of"modifies the noun "smile. 2.Meaning:Weiss is smiling a nervous smile,nervous because he still has a lingering fear.smiling because he realizes that all of them have been seized by something,which may be a kind of regret or embarrassment. 3.P Ch 他看看但他的微笑显得那样紧张。则因为他心有余悸，再则因为他感到此刻有什么东西控制了每个人，这种东西令人沮丧，令人难以名状地不安。 27 Anything to get back to normal Anythi g that we an do to retun to normal is a good idea The damages?(justwh at those damages are? Q:Does"damages"means money in Stockon's eyes?If not,what does it mean? A:"Damages"in Stockon's eyes doesn't mean money or compensation at all.The real meaning of"damages"here is the lost friendship and friendliness among neighbors. 29.but I wonder if we weren't destroyed even without it. Meaning:Stockon wonders ifthey have all been destroyed morally V.Summary

in this way 这样 21. The minute the mob gathers before the STOCKTON house, they smash into it, carrying the giant log. Q: What is the grammatical function of “the minute” in this sentence? A: It introduces an adverbial clause of time. 22. STOCKTON and PAUL lean against it as it starts to give under the weight,… give under the weight: ( of a substance, object ,etc.) bend, move, break or change shape (as a result of a force or pressure) e.g. The branch gave under the weight of the heavy snow. 23. (in a whisper, his face bruised and blood clotted) Amen to that. bruise: v. if part of your body bruises or if you bruise part of your body, it gets hit or hurt and a bruise appears; if a piece of fruit bruises or is bruised, it gets a bruise by being hit, dropped, etc. e.g. She bruised her forehead when she fell. Tomatoes bruise easily. 24. I mean ... well, you can understand why we blew our tops a little — blow one’s top: (sl.) become very angry; explode with anger e.g. The teacher blew his top when he found Tom was late for class again. It is no secret that Mr. Smith often blows his top at home. 25. We’ll take up a collection right away. Meaning: we’ll ask everybody to contribute money (to repair the damages) at once. 26. He looks around smiling at the others, a nervous smile born of a carry-over of fear and the realization that something has taken hold of all of them now. Something deadening in its effect and disquieting beyond words. 1. What is the grammatical function of “born of”? “Born of” modifies the noun “smile.” 2. Meaning: Weiss is smiling a nervous smile, nervous because he still has a lingering fear, smiling because he realizes that all of them have been seized by something, which may be a kind of regret or embarrassment. 3. Put the sentences into Chinese. 他看看四周，又朝大家笑笑，但他的微笑显得那样紧张，一则因为他心有余悸，再则因为他感到此刻有什么东西控制了每个人，这种东西令人沮丧，令人难以名状地不安。 27. Anything to get back to normal. Meaning: Anything that we can do to return to normal is a good idea. 28. The damages? (he nods) I wonder if we realize just what those damages are? Q: Does “damages” means money in Stockon’s eyes? If not, what does it mean? A: “Damages” in Stockon’s eyes doesn’t mean money or compensation at all. The real meaning of “damages” here is the lost friendship and friendliness among neighbors. 29. ... but I wonder if we weren’t destroyed even without it. Meaning: Stockon wonders if they have all been destroyed morally. V. Summary

1. Main idea of the text One summer evening a birthday party(正在进行)___________ at Dr. Stockton’s. The families present had been neighbors and friends for many years. (在欢庆的过程中 )_____________, they heard an urgent radio announcement ( 宣布紧急状态 )________________:enemy missiles had been identified ( 飞临美国)________________. Neighbors began to (匆匆赶回家)___________ . But they returned immediately. They wanted to (分享)______ Stockton's bomb shelter which (只能容纳三个人)____________________ and also was the only one in the street. They (恳求) ____________the Stocktons, but were refused. The angry neighbors (拿了一根大木头)_____________________and (砸开)___________ the door of the shelter. Just then, the radio announced that ( 刚才的警报是个错误的警报 )____________________ and that no missiles were coming. 2. Theme of the Play What is the author’s attitude towards human nature as revealed in the play? Reference: This play is ironical that the people should suddenly turn against each other after a joyous birthday celebration, during which they were all friends, the dramatic change of the situation has greatly reinforced the meaning of the play. 3. Words and expressions V. Homework 1. Memorize the new words and phrases in the text. 2. Do exercises on p169-178 3. Learn the text in “Reading Activity” by yourself. 4. Write a composition about 120 words discussing how to cultivate the creative thinking. VI．References 1. College English Intensive Reading 3, LinYinhua(ed.), Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006. 2. College English Intensive Reading 3, (Teacher’s Book), Zhang Zengjian(ed.), Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006. 3. Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary（6 th edition）, Oxford university press﹠The Commercial Press, 2004. 4. 大学英语语法. 薄冰主编. 山西：山西教育出版社，2006. 5. 大学英语实用语法讲解与练习. 任福洪等主编. 北京：国防工业出版社， 2004.6.实用英语语法. 张道真. 北京：外语教育与研究出版社. 2002