《大学英语读写》课程教学资源（精讲四级教案）Unit 8 The New Caves.doc_大学文库

Scientists have leamed that Ice Age climates changed from time to time.During periods average temperatures ere probably about t15 degrees F(about-9 to-12 degrees C). (2)Myths and Legends Both myths and legends are traditional stories handed down from earliest times. Although the two words are often used interchangeably.myths are stories about gods and legends sto about men. Myths embody the primitive beliefs of peoples,and provided a romantic explanation of the wonders of nature when scientific explanations were lacking, Natural forces were personified and deified.For example,the Greeks believed that thunder and lightning expressed the displeasure of the great god Zeus. Legends are t connected with so me period in the history of a peopleo nation,often containing an eleme nt of fact.Legends are intended to glorify a hero and tell marvelous deeds he supposedly performed. In Chinese folklore,the story of Da Yu who succeeded in taming the rivers is a legend and the story of Chang'E Flying to the Moon is a myth. Step Two Global reading lents 10 minutes to read the text as quickly as they can,and ask them to think about these questions in the process of reading. 1.Multiple choices P206 2.Structure of the Text Para.1-3 The author puts forward a suggestion that someday we may seek to rea se ou fort and sec rity by building our ho es underground Para.4-12 Para.13 Living underground may be odd but there are more benefits of it. Step Three Detailed study Explain the important and difficult points in the text.including the usage of new words and phra ses,structure of complex t gramma 1.During andrelev the ic e ages,human beings exposed to the c r temperatures of the time would often make their homes in caves be exposed to:be unprotected of unsheltered from(heat,cold,danger,attack,etc.) e.g.Soldiers in an open field are exposed to the enemy's gunfire. Plants exposed to great heat for long periods of time will die 2 There the nfort and s rity tha in the oper 这是一个带有比较晋从句的句于 ,对不同的地点行 cave 和in the open。.比较状语从句中常可以将主句中已出现的成分省略掉。比较状语从中的would have(done是虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实不相符。 would have aught the bus ossible t at some y we her to ou comfort and security in new,manmade caves add to:increase e.g.The many newly-built first-class hotels have added greatly to he beauty of the city

Scientists have learned that Ice Age climates changed from time to time. During periods of advancing ice, average temperatures were probably about 10 to 15 degrees F (about -9 to -12 degrees C). （2）Myths and Legends Both myths and legends are traditional stories handed down from earliest times. Although the two words are often used interchangeably, myths are stories about gods and legends stories about men. Myths embody the primitive beliefs of peoples, and provided a romantic explanation of the wonders of nature when scientific explanations were lacking, Natural forces were personified and deified. For example, the Greeks believed that thunder and lightning expressed the displeasure of the great god Zeus. Legends are stories connected with some period in the history of a people or nation, often containing an element of fact. Legends are intended to glorify a hero and tell marvelous deeds he supposedly performed. In Chinese folklore, the story of Da Yu who succeeded in taming the rivers is a legend and the story of Chang’E Flying to the Moon is a myth. Step Two Global reading Give the students 10 minutes to read the text as quickly as they can, and ask them to think about these questions in the process of reading. 1. Multiple choices P206 2. Structure of the Text Para. 1-3 The author puts forward a suggestion that someday we may seek to further increase our comfort and security by building our houses underground. Para. 4-12 The author gives four advantages of underground life. Para. 13 Living underground may be odd but there are more benefits of it. Step Three Detailed study Explain the important and difficult points in the text, including the usage of new words and phrases, structure of complex sentences and relevant grammar. 1. During the ice ages, human beings exposed to the colder temperatures of the time would often make their homes in caves. be exposed to: be unprotected of unsheltered from(heat, cold, danger, attack, etc.) e.g. Soldiers in an open field are exposed to the enemy’s gunfire. Plants exposed to great heat for long periods of time will die. 2. There they found greater comfort and security than they would have in the open. 这是一个带有比较状语从句的句子，对不同的地点进行比较，即 there (in caves) 和 in the open。比较状语从句中常可以将主句中已出现的成分省略掉。比较状语从句中的 would have (done)是虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实不相符。 e.g. It is much colder this week than (it was) last week. If we had been here a little earlier, we would have caught the bus. 3. Is it possible that someday we may seek to add further to our comfort and security by building our houses underground — in new, manmade caves? add to: increase e.g. The many newly-built first-class hotels have added greatly to he beauty of the city

The cultural relics unearthed recently may add greatly to our knowledge of life in ancient China 4.It maynot seemapalatable first thought Palate.the top part of the inside of the mouth,was once generally held to be the organ of taste.So“"palatable”means“pleasant to the taste”.Here used figuratively,.it means agreeable to the mind"or“acceptable” e.g.It doesn't to be a palatable suggestion todrive home in such bad weather,I prefer t Yet there are advantages to underground life,too,and something to be said for imagining whole cities,even mankind generally,moving downward:of having the outermost mile of the Earth's crust honeycombed with passages and structures,like a gigantic ant hill (1)something to be said for imagining.(there is )something to be said in support of imagining we have some reasons for imagining. say something/much/little for:express something/much/little in support of (oneself. someone,or something),as in argument of defense. e.g.You're late again!Have you anything to say for yourself? There is something /much/itter to be said for this suggestior Similar structure 1)There is little to be said for. 2)There is something to be said for 3)There is plenty to be said for 4)There thin s to he said fo 年分号将子分为两部分，分号后的of having .与前面的to underground i 是句子的并列成分相当于Yet there are advantages to underground life and there are advantages of having (3)Translate the sentence into Chinese 然而生活在地下也有其有利之处，设想将整座城市，乃至全人类搬入地下是有一定道理的。如果在地壳最表层一英里厚的地方筑满通道和建筑物，就象一个巨大的蚁冢，这将会给人类带来各种好处 6.On the surface,the tyranny of day and night cannot be avoided,. Meaning:the human beings living on the surface of the earth are subject to the shift of day and night;we must follow the schedule of light and dark without any freedom of cho 1. it woul be artificial lighting that produces the day and this coud be adjusted to suit man's convenience (1)adjust:change (sth.)slightly,esp.in order to make it suitable for a particular job of new conditions e.g.To attract investors,Panama has adjusted its tax and labor laws. She adju usted the lamp so that the light fell d on her book (2)Meaning:...the production of day artificial lighting could be planned and regulated according to man's needs so as to be convenient to him.Here the author means that with artificial light,people could have a uniform schedule throughout the world,without the inconvenience of what are called time zones

The cultural relics unearthed recently may add greatly to our knowledge of life in ancient China. 4. It may not seem a palatable suggestion, at first thought. Palate, the top part of the inside of the mouth, was once generally held to be the organ of taste. So “palatable” means “pleasant to the taste”. Here used figuratively, it means “agreeable to the mind” or “acceptable”. e.g. It doesn’t seem to be a palatable suggestion to drive home in such bad weather; I prefer to stay until it clears up. 5. Yet there are advantages to underground life, too, and something to be said for imagining whole cities, even mankind generally, moving downward; of having the outermost mile of the Earth’s crust honeycombed with passages and structures, like a gigantic ant hill. (1) something to be said for imagining…: (there is )something to be said in support of imagining……; we have some reasons for imagining…… say something/much/little for: express something/much/little in support of (oneself, someone, or something),as in argument of defense. e.g. You’re late again! Have you anything to say for yourself? There is something /much/litter to be said for this suggestion. Similar structure: 1) There is little to be said for … 2) There is something to be said for … 3) There is plenty to be said for … 4) There are things to be said for … (2) 句中分号将句子分为两部分，分号后的 of having …与前面的 to underground life …是句子的并列成分，相当于 Yet there are advantages to underground life … and there are advantages of having … (3) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 然而生活在地下也有其有利之处，设想将整座城市，乃至全人类搬入地下是有一定道理的。如果在地壳最表层一英里厚的地方筑满通道和建筑物，就象一个巨大的蚁冢，这将会给人类带来各种好处。 6. On the surface, the tyranny of day and night cannot be avoided, … Meaning：the human beings living on the surface of the earth are subject to the shift of day and night; we must follow the schedule of light and dark without any freedom of choice. 7. …it would be artificial lighting that produces the day and this could be adjusted to suit man’s convenience. (1) adjust: change (sth.) slightly, esp. in order to make it suitable for a particular job of new conditions e.g. To attract investors, Panama has adjusted its tax and labor laws. She adjusted the lamp so that the light fell directly on her book. (2) Meaning: …the production of day artificial lighting could be planned and regulated according to man’s needs so as to be convenient to him. Here the author means that with artificial light, people could have a uniform schedule throughout the world, without the inconvenience of what are called time zones

8.The whole world could be on eight-hour shifts,starting and ending on the stroke everywhere,at least as far as business and community endeavors were concemed on the stroke:at exactly the time stated or agreed upon e.g.He always gets up on the stroke of6. We agreed to meet at the school gate at ten and he arrived on the stroke. 9.Air transportation over long distances would no longer have to entail"jet lag." (1)entail:toinvolve sth that can not be avoided e.g.He soon realized that owning a car entailed a lot of expense Building the new road has entailed pulling down a lot of houses. (2)Meaning:Transportation by air over long distances would no longer have "jet lag"as an inevitable result 10 All these s of plants and an nals of natural ha sometimes uch as rats and roaches deprive sb.of sth:take away sth.from sb.:prevent sb.from having or using sth. e.g.Some criminals are deprived of their political rights. Many children were deprived of a good education simply because their parents e works of man were removed below ground-and,mind you,below the level of the natural world of the burrowing animals.. (1)mind you:please note(used to emphasize a fact that one considers important,esp. when it may not be obvious) e.g.-"Peter has been very bad-tempered this week." "Yes,but mind you,he has not been feeling well recently. John is the right person for the job,but mind you,he is very difficult to get along with (2)Meaning:If the roads and buildings of man were moved below,and,please note. below the level of. 12.Indeed a s one imagines the underground world to become increasingly elaborate one can visualize much of the food supply eventually deriving from hydroponic growth in artificially illuminated areas underground. (1)elaborate:complicated:worked out with much care e.g.The elaborate lighting system took weeks to install. ays to l m how to ate this elaborate machine e.g.Though he described the place in great detail.I still couldn't visualize it because it was so different from anything I'd ever known. The sports reporter gave such a vivid description of the football match that I could easily visualize the (3)derive from:come from,obtain from e.g.Many of his short stories derived from his experiences in World War II. Many English words derive from Latin and French. 13.The Earth's surface might be increasingly tumed over to park and to wildemess maintained at ecological stability

8. The whole world could be on eight-hour shifts, starting and ending on the stroke everywhere, at least as far as business and community endeavors were concerned. on the stroke; at exactly the time stated or agreed upon e.g. He always gets up on the stroke of 6. We agreed to meet at the school gate at ten and he arrived on the stroke. 9. Air transportation over long distances would no longer have to entail “jet lag.” (1) entail: to involve sth that can not be avoided e.g. He soon realized that owning a car entailed a lot of expense. Building the new road has entailed pulling down a lot of houses. (2) Meaning: Transportation by air over long distances would no longer have “jet lag” as an inevitable result 10. All these things distort the wild, depriving many species of plants and animals of their natural habitat — and sometimes, involuntarily, favoring a few, such as rats and roaches . deprive sb. of sth: take away sth. from sb.; prevent sb. from having or using sth. e.g. Some criminals are deprived of their political rights. Many children were deprived of a good education simply because their parents were poor. 11. If the works of man were removed below ground — and, mind you, below the level of the natural world of the burrowing animals… (1) mind you: please note (used to emphasize a fact that one considers important, esp. when it may not be obvious) e.g. －“Peter has been very bad-tempered this week.” －“Yes, but mind you, he has not been feeling well recently.” John is the right person for the job, but mind you, he is very difficult to get along with. (2) Meaning: If the roads and buildings of man were moved below, and, please note, below the level of … 12. Indeed, as one imagines the underground world to become increasingly elaborate, one can visualize much of the food supply eventually deriving from hydroponic growth in artificially illuminated areas underground. (1) elaborate: complicated; worked out with much care e.g. The elaborate lighting system took weeks to install. He spent several days to learn how to operate this elaborate machine. (2) visualize: imagine; form a picture of (sth.) in the mind e.g. Though he described the place in great detail, I still couldn’t visualize it because it was so different from anything I’d ever known. The sports reporter gave such a vivid description of the football match that I could easily visualize the scene. (3) derive from: come from; obtain from e.g. Many of his short stories derived from his experiences in World War II. Many English words derive from Latin and French. 13. The Earth’s surface might be increasingly turned over to park and to wilderness, maintained at ecological stability

(1)turn over 1)brin e.g.My stomach tumed over. 2)think about;consider e.g.His father had been turning the ideaover in his mind for some time. 3)transfer to another give the control of sth.to sb. e.g.The thief was tu to the police me available for leisure activities,whether partly planned,as with parks,or left withou any control.as with wilderness.Such an environment.not disturbed by man.would maintain an ecological balance 14.It might seem that to withdraw underground is to withdraw from the natural world, so? draw:move back or away;tumn out or away e.g.He breathed a sigh of relief and withdrew to his office. He withdrew all his money from the bank. 15.but however carefully restricted the upward trips might be,the chances are that f the w cave ould s (1)restrict:vt.keep or confine within limits e.g.The new law restricts the sale of hand guns. Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns (2)“However+-形容词+主语+谓语”的句式相当于“Although."句式，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管…如何”。 (he)chances are that”"是非正式的口语表达方式，意思是“很可能” The dwellers of the new caves would see than dwellers of surface cities do... 未来新洞穴里的居民与今天地面城市的居民进行比较，主句中的would see是虚拟语气，表示对将来情况的推测。 sentence into chin 一包不的的旅行做出多么认喜的限制，新洞六里的居民将有可能比今天地面一城市的居民在更为健康的生态条件下见到更多的绿色。 16.However odd and repulsive underground living may seem at first thought,there are things to be said for it-and I haven't even said them all. Meaning:No matter how srange and upndeo nay seem at first ration,ther is still a lot to bes I ha aven't ever mentioned them all. IV.Summary 1.Main idea of the text In this short Asimo ov imagines a future where ife is made more comfortable and secure by going entirely underground.Though the suggestion may seem odd and unpleasant at first thought,Asimov argues that there are definite advantages to underground life.Then he lists four advantages,and,using his expertise. explains them one by one in some detail leading the reader step by step to see how

(1)turn over 1) bring the bottom to the top or vice versa; rotate, cycle e.g. My stomach turned over. 2) think about; consider e.g. His father had been turning the idea over in his mind for some time. 3) transfer to another; give the control of sth. to sb. e.g. The thief was turned over to the police. (2) Meaning: With less land needed for buildings and agriculture, more would become available for leisure activities, whether partly planned, as with parks, or left without any control, as with wilderness. Such an environment, not disturbed by man, would maintain an ecological balance 14. It might seem that to withdraw underground is to withdraw from the natural world, but would that be so? withdraw: move back or away; turn out or away e.g. He breathed a sigh of relief and withdrew to his office. He withdrew all his money from the bank. 15. but however carefully restricted the upward trips might be, the chances are that the dwellers of the new caves would see more greenery, under ecologically healthier conditions, than dwellers of surface cities do today. (1) restrict: vt. keep or confine within limits e.g. The new law restricts the sale of hand guns. Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns. (2) “However+形容词+主语+谓语”的句式相当于“Although …”句式, 引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管……如何”。 “(the) chances are that”是非正式的口语表达方式，意思是“很可能”。 The dwellers of the new caves would see … than dwellers of surface cities do … 将未来新洞穴里的居民与今天地面城市的居民进行比较，主句中的 would see 是虚拟语气，表示对将来情况的推测。 (3) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 但不管对向上的旅行做出多么认真的限制，新洞穴里的居民将有可能比今天地面城市的居民在更为健康的生态条件下见到更多的绿色。 16. However odd and repulsive underground living may seem at first thought, there are things to be said for it — and I haven’t even said them all. Meaning: No matter how strange and unpleasant underground living may seem at first consideration, there is still a lot to be said to support the idea — and I haven’t even mentioned them all. IV. Summary 1. Main idea of the text In this short essay, Asimov imagines a future society where life is made more comfortable and secure by going entirely underground. Though the suggestion may seem odd and unpleasant at first thought, Asimov argues that there are definite advantages to underground life. Then he lists four advantages, and, using his expertise, explains them one by one in some detail, leading the reader step by step to see how