第二章烷烃 Chapter 2 alkanes 1、写出下列化合物的构造式: 1、正戊烷异戊烷新戊烷 2、22,3-三甲基戊烷3、四甲基丁烷 4、3-甲基-4-乙基己烷 5、3-甲基-3-乙基-6-异丙基壬烷 6、2,5-二甲基-3,4二氯己烷 2、写出下列烷基的名称: 1. CH3CHCH2- 2. CH3CH2 CH- 3. CH3 CHCH2CH2CH CH3 CH CH3 4.(CH3)3C-CH2 5.(CH3)3C一 CH CH3C H 3、将下列化合物用系统命名法命名: CH3 CH( CH3) CH(CH3h2 1.(CH3 CH2)CCH CH2CHCH2 CH3 2. CH3 CH CHCH2 CH2CH3 CHCH, CH3 CH, CH3 3.(CH3)2CCHCH2CH 4.(CH3)CHCHCHCCH2 CH3 CH2CH2CH CH,CHCH CH CH3 CH3 5. CH3 CH2CHC-CHCH2CH3 6. (CH3 CH2 CCH2 CH2 CH3)3CH CHCH, CH3 CH 7. CH3 CH2CH2 CHCH2CH2CH3 C(CH3)3 (CH3)3 CH(CH2CH3)h 4、将下列烷烃的沸点按从高到低的顺序排列,然后与手册核对 ①1、己烷 2、辛烷 3、3-甲基庚烷 4、正戊烷 5、2,3-二甲基戊烷6、2-甲基己烷7、2,2,3,3-四甲基丁烷 ②丁烷构象的稳定性大小顺序:
第二章 烷烃 Chapter 2 alkanes 1、 写出下列化合物的构造式: 1、 正戊烷 异戊烷 新戊烷 2、 2,2,3- 三甲基戊烷 3、四甲基丁烷 4、3-甲基-4-乙基己烷 5、3-甲基-3-乙基-6-异丙基壬烷 6、 2,5-二甲基-3,4-二氯己烷 2、 写出下列烷基的名称: CH3CHCH2 CH3 1. CH3CH2CH CH3 2. CH3CHCH2CH2CH2 CH3 3. (CH3 ) 4. 3C CH2 (CH3 ) 5. 3C CH3C CH3 CH3 6. 3、 将下列化合物用系统命名法命名: (CH3CH2 )2CCH2CH2CHCH2CH3 CH3 CH(CH3 )2 1. 2. CH3CH2CHCH2CH2CH3 CH(CH3 )2 3. (CH3 )2CCHCH2CH3 CH2CH2CH3 CH2CH2CH3 (CH3 )2CHCHCHCCH2CH3 CH3 CH3 CH2CH2CH3 4. 5. CH3CH2CHC CHCH2CH3 CH3CH3 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 6. (CH3CH2CCH2CH2CH3 )3CH CH3 CH3 7. CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH2CH3 C(CH3 )3 (CH3 )3CCH2CH(CH2CH3 )2 8. 4、 将下列烷烃的沸点按从高到低的顺序排列,然后与手册核对。 ① 1、己烷 2、辛烷 3、3-甲基庚烷 4、正戊烷 5、2,3-二甲基戊烷 6、2-甲基己烷 7、2,2,3,3-四甲基丁烷 ② 丁烷构象的稳定性大小顺序:
H3c HCH3 CH3 CH3 ③自由基稳定性的大小 A. CH3 B.(CH3)3C C. CH3 CH2CH2 D. CH3, 5、写出下列反应的主要产物: (CH3) CCH(CH3h 127℃ 6、对下列反应提出合理的解释 CH3CH, Br 1 CH3CH一Br CH, CHCHBr H3 CH3, Br CH3 CH CI CH3 Br CH2C—Br CH3 参考答案: CH3 CH3CH2 CH2CHCH CH3CHCH2CH3H3C—C—CH3 CH3
H3C H CH3 H H H A. H CH3 CH3 H H H B. CH3 H H CH3 H H C. H H CH3 CH3 H H D. ③ 自由基稳定性的大小: A. CH3 B. (CH C. D. 3 )3C CH3CH2CH2 CH3CH2CHCH3 5、 写出下列反应的主要产物: ① (CH3 )3CCH(CH3 )2 Br2 , hν 127℃ Br2 , hν ② 127℃ 6、对下列反应提出合理的解释: CH3CH2CH2Br CH3CH Br CH3 Cl2 hv CH3CHCH2Br Cl 1. CH3CHCH2Br CH3 CH3C Br CH3 CH3 Cl2 hv CH3CCH2Br CH3 Cl 2. 参考答案: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3CHCH2CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH3 H3C CH3 1
CH3 CH hac CHCH2CH 3.H3CC——cH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CHCH CH3CH2 CHCHCH2 3 CI CH(CH3h 5. CHa CH2, CH2 CHCH2 CH2CH3 HH 6. H3C-C C-C-CH CH2CH3 CHCI CI CH3 1.异丁基2.仲丁基3.叔丁基4.新戊基5.叔戊基6.异己基 1.2,6-二甲基-3,6-二乙基新烷 2.22-甲基-3-乙基己烷 3.34,4-二甲基5-乙基辛烷 4,3,5-三甲基-4-丙基庚烷 4.3,4,5-三甲基-4-丙基庚烷 5.63,3,11,11四甲基-7-(4,4二甲基己基)十三烷 74-叔丁基庚烷 8.2,2-二甲基-4-乙基己烷 4 ②C、D、B、A Br 1、(CH3)CC(CH3)2
2. CH3C CHCH2CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 3. H3C C C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH3 4. CH3 CH2CH3 CH3CH2CCH2CH2CHCH2CH2CH3 CH2CH3 CH3 CH(CH3 )2 5. H3C H C H C H C CH3Cl Cl H C CH3 6. CH3 2. 1. 异丁基 2. 仲丁基 3. 叔丁基 4. 新戊基 5. 叔戊基 6. 异己基 3. 1. 2,6-二甲基-3,6-二乙基新烷 2. 2.2-甲基-3-乙基己烷 3. 3.4,4-二甲基-5-乙基辛烷 4.,3,5-三甲基-4-丙基庚烷 4. 3,4,5-三甲基-4-丙基庚烷 5. 6.3,3,11,11-四甲基-7-(4,4-二甲基己基)十三烷 7.4-叔丁基庚烷 8.2,2-二甲基-4-乙基己烷 4. ① 略 ② C、D、B、A ③ B、D、C、A 5. 1、 (CH3 )3CC(CH3 )2 Br 2、 Br 6. 1
CH3 CHCH,Br +Cl- CH2CHCH,Br HCl CH3CHCH2Br Cl2 CH3 CHCH2 Br C CH3 CHCH, Br Cl—-CH3CHCH2+H H3 CH3CHCH2 rearran CH3 CHCH2 Br CH3 CHCH, Br CH CHCHBr Cl CH: CHCH, Br Cl- CH3 CCH, Br HCl CH3 CHrCCH2B CH:CCH,Br CI H3 CH3 CH3C Cl- H3C—C—c t HCl CH3 CH3 H3C H2 rearrangement CH3, Br CH3 CH3 CCH2B CH3CCH2 Br
CH3CH2CH2Br + Cl CH3CHCH2Br + HCl CH3CHCH2Br + Cl2 CH3CHCH2Br Cl + Cl CH3CHCH2Br CH3 + Cl CH3CHCH2 Br + HCl CH3CHCH2 Br rearrang. CH3CHCH2Br CH3CHCH2Br + Cl2 CH3CHCH2Br Cl + Cl 2、 CH3CHCH2Br CH3 + Cl CH3CCH2Br CH3 + HCl CH3CCH2Br CH3 + Cl2 CH3CCH2Br CH3 Cl + Cl CH3C CH3 CH3 Br + Cl C CH3 Br H3C CH2 + HCl C CH3 Br H3C CH2 rearrangement CH3CCH2Br CH3 CH3CCH2Br CH3 + Cl2 CH3CCH2Br CH3 Cl + Cl