MedicalImaging（医学影像学）--Introduction & Overview
Medical Imaging (医学影像学) -Introduction & Overview
Introduction to medical imagingConceptCategoryHistoryClinicalapplication
Introduction to medical imaging ◼ Concept ◼ Category ◼ History ◼ Clinical application
Concept&CategoryMedicalimaging is a clinical subject that use medical imaging technology todiagnose humandiseasesand use percutaneous puncturetechniqueandinterventional equipmentto performminimally invasive diagnosis andtreatment of human diseases under the guidance of medical imaging technologyMedical Imaging医学影像学Diagnostic ImagingInterventional Radiology影像诊断学介入放射学USX-rayMRICTInterventionaldiagnosisInterventional therapy
◼ Concept & Category ➢ Medical imaging is a clinical subject that use medical imaging technology to diagnose human diseases and use percutaneous puncture technique and interventional equipment to perform minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of human diseases under the guidance of medical imaging technology. Medical Imaging 医学影像学 Diagnostic Imaging 影像诊断学 X-ray CT MRI US Interventional Radiology 介入放射学 Interventional diagnosis Interventional therapy
History of medicalimagingCT:Hounsfield&CormackUSDussikX-ray:WilhelmRontgenMRl:Mansfield&LauterburInterventionalNuclearMedidineRadiologyBlumgart1980s189519261970s19421940s
◼ History of medical imaging X-ray: Wilhelm Rontgen 1942 CT: Hounsfield & Cormack 1895 1940s 1970s 1980s MRI: Mansfield & Lauterbur 1926
ClinicalapplicationDiagnostic imaging:@To identify the nature and type of diseases;Tofurtherunderstand the scope and staging oflesions; To evaluate thetherapeuticeffectsandfollow-up;HealthscreeningInterventional radiology: Preferredtreatmentfor certain diseases(Budd-Chiarisyndrome,aneurysms,etc.):②Treatmentofcertainacutediseases(deepvenousthrombosis,etc.);③Diseasesforwhich surgicalopportunitieshavebeenlostCreatingconditionsfor surgery,Alternativetreatmentforpatientsreluctanttoundergo surgery,@Biopsy underimaging guidance
◼ Clinical application ➢ Diagnostic imaging：① To identify the nature and type of diseases; ② To further understand the scope and staging of lesions; ③ To evaluate the therapeutic effects and follow-up; ④ Health screening. ➢ Interventional radiology：① Preferred treatment for certain diseases (Budd-Chiari syndrome, aneurysms, etc.); ② Treatment of certain acute diseases (deep venous thrombosis, etc.); ③ Diseases for which surgical opportunities have been lost; ④ Creating conditions for surgery; ⑤ Alternative treatment for patients reluctant to undergo surgery; ⑥ Biopsy under imaging guidance
Chap.1Overview of diagnostic imagingSect.1X-rayimaging（(Radiography,X线成像）Sect.2Computedtomography（CT，X线计算机体层成像）Sect.3Magneticrsonanceimaging（MRI,磁共振成像）Sect.4Molecularimaging（分子影像学）Sect.5 Clinicalapplication and comparison of differentimaging techniquesSect.6 Picture archivingand communication systems (PACS)& radiologicalinformationsystem（RIS）（图像存档传输系统与信息放射学）
Chap.1 Overview of diagnostic imaging Sect.1 X-ray imaging (Radiography, X线成像) Sect.2 Computed tomography (CT, X线计算机体层成像) Sect.3 Magnetic rsonance imaging（MRI, 磁共振成像） Sect.4 Molecular imaging (分子影像学) Sect.5 Clinical application and comparison of different imaging techniques Sect.6 Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) & radiological information system (RIS) (图像存档传输系统与信息放射学)
Sect.1 X-ray imaging (Radiography1Imaging principleIl. Device and imaging propertiesIll.Examination methodsV. Safety of X-ray imagingV. Image characteristics
Sect.1 X-ray imaging (Radiography) I. Imaging principle II. Device and imaging properties III. Examination methods IV. Safety of X-ray imaging V. Image characteristics
I.PrincipleofradiographyX-raycharacteristics：penetration（穿透性），absorbability（可吸收性）fluorescenteffect（荧光效应）andphotographiceffect（感光效应）Imaging conditions:differences of densityand thickness amongtissuesX-raytissuelowdensityhighdensitymiddensityfilmblackwhitegray
I. Principle of radiography ➢ X-ray characteristics: penetration (穿透性), absorbability (可吸收性), fluorescent effect (荧光效应) and photographic effect (感光效应) ➢ Imaging conditions: differences of density and thickness among tissues X-ray tissue film high density white low density black mid density gray
Il. Device and imaging propertiesDevicefilmTraditional X-ray machineTaditionalChemlcalDigital X-ray machineradiographyprocessngTraditional X-ray machineImagingplate,IPcombinedwithcomputersandLaserreaderConputedX-ray information changed intotomographydigital information,includingFlatpaneldetectors.FPECR(computedradiography)andDR(direct/digitalradiography)Digitalradiography
◼ Device ➢ Traditional X-ray machine ➢ Digital X-ray machine: Traditional X-ray machine combined with computers and X-ray information changed into digital information, including CR (computed radiography) and DR (direct/digital radiography) II. Device and imaging properties film Chemical processing Imaging plate,IP Flat panel detectors,FPD Laser reader Computed tomography Taditional radiography Digital radiography
Imaging properties of digital radiography:adjustable, subtraction.splicing, low radiation doseAdjustingfunction-largetoleranceoffilmingconditionssubtraction-avoidingtissueoverlappingSplicingfunction-large range imagingBoneSubtractedTissueifacted
Adjusting function-large tolerance of filming conditions ◼ Imaging properties of digital radiography: adjustable; subtraction; splicing; low radiation dose Splicing function-large range imaging subtractionavoiding tissue overlapping