Test2 Part I Writing (30 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title global Warming. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese 1.全球性变暖的原因 2.提出解决的建议 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the stion on Answer Sheet 1 For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage N(for No) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage Spiders Spiders can be distinguished from other Arachnids because the prosoma (combined head and thorax) is only separated from the opisthosoma (abdomen) by a narrow waist, in other Arachnids the whole body appears to be much more of a single unit. All spiders produce silk, but only some construct webs to catch their homes and to protect their eggs. All spiders possess poison glands but very few of them are dangerous to humans, of the 600+species in Britain only 12 (at least one of these is a recent human assisted colonist)are strong enough to pierce the human skin, and apart from allergies, none are more dangerous than a common wasp Most spiders have 8 eyes (though some have 6, 4, 2 or 0), as well as 8 legs.(by the way if you count the claws as separate leg section [which you shouldn't really] then their legs have 8 parts as well [coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, tarsus, metatarus, claws]) There are more than 32000 known species of spider in the world. No human being has ever been officially recorder as having died as the result of a‘ tarantula’bite I spiders are carnivorous and feed only on liquids, i.e. their preys natural juices and the breakdown products of external digestion (meaning they spit, exude or inject digestive juices
Test2 Part I Writing （30 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title Global Warming. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 全球性变暖的原因 2. 提出解决的建议 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the question on Answer Sheet 1 For questions 1-7,mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Spiders Spiders can be distinguished from other Arachnids because the prosoma (combined head and thorax) is only separated from the opisthosoma (abdomen) by a narrow waist, in other Arachnids the whole body appears to be much more of a single unit. All spiders produce silk, but only some construct webs to catch their homes and to protect their eggs. All spiders possess poison glands but very few of them are dangerous to humans, of the 600+species in Britain only 12 (at least one of these is a recent human assisted colonist) are strong enough to pierce the human skin, and apart from allergies, none are more dangerous than a common wasp. Most spiders have 8 eyes (though some have 6,4,2 or 0), as well as 8 legs. (by the way if you count the claws as separate leg section [which you shouldn’t really] then their legs have 8 parts as well [coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, tarsus, metatarus, claws]) There are more than 32000 known species of spider in the world. No human being has ever been officially recorder as having died as the result of a ‘tarantula’ bite. All spiders are carnivorous and feed only on liquids, i.e. their preys natural juices and the breakdown products of external digestion (meaning they spit, exude or inject digestive juices
onto/into their prey ad suck up the resulting soup). So why not invite some to your next social What’ s In a Name The word‘ Arachnida’ comes from the greek word‘ Arachne’ who was the daughter of Idmon of Colophon in Lydia, a dyer by trade. Arachne herself was a weaver, the best in all the known world. other things, waving to a weaving competition. Arachne wove so perfect a cloth that she tore it to shreds. Arachne became depressed after this and in the end she hung herself. Athene stirred to remorse at the knowledge of what her anger had wrought turned the rope arachne had used to hang herself into a web and arachne herself into a spider so that the beauty of her spinning should t be lost to the world ever again. The Great Household Spider Safari There are just over six hundred different sorts of spider in the British Isles, But of these only a handful are commonly found in houses. At the front of the head are a pair of what appear to be small legs. These are called palps and are used to guide food to the spiders mouth. The front of the head also has a group of six or eight eyes. On the underside of the body at the rear, are four or six small conical bumps or cylinders. There are the spinnerets from which the spider produces the silk to make its webs Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by looking at their palps. Males have swollen ends to their palps which makes them look as if they are wearing boxing gloves, these are often strange shapes if looked at with a hand lens. Females have normal looking palps that are not swollen at the ends The largest spider is the Goliath spider, the female of which grows to reach a leg span of ten inches. The largest spider in Britain is the Cardinal spider which is a close cousin of Tim Tegenaria. Females can achieve a leg span of four and a half inches. It is known as the Cardinal oider as it was common in Hampton Court when Cardinal Wolsey lived there. The sight of these long legged spiders wandering around the palace at night used to frighten him. So far 32000 different kinds of spider have been discovered from all over the world. Britain has 630 different kinds of spider of which 250 are tiny Money spiders. The smallest of which has a body less than ne millimeter long L. all the silk produced by spiders construct webs to catch their food 2. Not all the poison glands possessed by spiders are dangerous to human beings. 3. Spiders often kill humans in Britain when they pierce human skin. 4. After seeing her enemy commits suicide, Arachne turned Athena into a spider
onto/into their prey ad suck up the resulting soup). So why not invite some to your next social do? What’s In a Name The word ‘Arachnida’ comes from the Greek word ‘Arachne’ who was the daughter of Idmon of Colophon in Lydia, a dyer by trade. Arachne herself was a weaver, the best in all the known world. However in a foolish moment she challenged Athene, the daughter of Zeus and goddess of, among other things, waving to a weaving competition. Arachne wove so perfect a cloth that she tore it to shreds. Arachne became depressed after this and in the end she hung herself. Athene stirred to remorse at the knowledge of what her anger had wrought turned the rope Arachne had used to hang herself into a web and Arachne herself into a spider so that the beauty of her spinning should not be lost to the world ever again. The Great Household Spider Safari There are just over six hundred different sorts of spider in the British Isles. But of these only a handful are commonly found in houses. At the front of the head are a pair of what appear to be small legs. These are called palps and are used to guide food to the spider’s mouth. The front of the head also has a group of six or eight eyes. On the underside of the body at the rear, are four or six small conical bumps or cylinders. There are the spinnerets from which the spider produces the silk to make its webs. Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by looking at their palps. Males have swollen ends to their palps which makes them look as if they are wearing boxing gloves, these are often strange shapes if looked at with a hand lens. Females have normal looking palps that are not swollen at the ends. The largest spider is the Goliath spider, the female of which grows to reach a leg span of ten inches. The largest spider in Britain is the Cardinal spider which is a close cousin of Tim Tegenaria. Females can achieve a leg span of four and a half inches. It is known as the Cardinal spider as it was common in Hampton Court when Cardinal Wolsey lived there. The sight of these long legged spiders wandering around the palace at night used to frighten him. So far 32000 different kinds of spider have been discovered from all over the world. Britain has 630 different kinds of spider of which 250 are tiny Money spiders. The smallest of which has a body less than one millimeter long. 1.All the silk produced by spiders construct webs to catch their food 2.Not all the poison glands possessed by spiders are dangerous to human beings. 3.Spiders often kill humans in Britain when they pierce human skin. 4.After seeing her enemy commits suicide, Arachne turned Athena into a spider
5. TimTegenaria spiders are closely related to tarantula spiders: both are found in Britain. 6. So far 32000 different kinds of spiders have been discovered from all over the world 7. Money spiders are the smallest spiders found in the Arachnids family 8. There are more than known species of spider in the world. 9. Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by 10. The largest spider is Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was side. both the conversation and questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D), and decide which is the best answer Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throu h I1. A)Feel sorry that she can't help the man. B)Lend the man her pencil and paper C)Ask someone else to help the man. D) Give the man the notes 12. A)Jason will arrive at 7: 30. B)Jason should have arrived at 8: 00 C)Jason is usually punctual. D)Jason is not very punctual. 13. A)In a railway station. B)In a hotel room. C)In a restaurant. D) At the airport 14. A)She will help the man later
5.TimTegenaria spiders are closely related to tarantula spiders; both are found in Britain. 6.So far32000 different kinds of spiders have been discovered from all over the world. 7.Money spiders are the smallest spiders found in the Arachnids family. 8.There are more than known species of spider in the world. 9.Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by . 10.The largest spider is Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was side. Both the conversation and questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. A) Feel sorry that she can’t help the man. B) Lend the man her pencil and paper. C) Ask someone else to help the man. D) Give the man the notes. 12. A) Jason will arrive at 7:30. B) Jason should have arrived at 8:00 C) Jason is usually punctual. D) Jason is not very punctual. 13. A) In a railway station. B) In a hotel room. C) In a restaurant. D) At the airport. 14. A) She will help the man later
B)She doesn't want to help him with the homework C) The man should do the homework himself. D)The man should watch the program first 15. A)A movie. B)A lecture C)A play. D)A speech. 16. A)He usually talks quietly. B)He usually assigns homework. C)He didn' t teach class today D) He noticed that the students didn,t do their homework. 17. A) The show is too difficult to understand B)There is nothing worth seeing there. C) She doesn’ t understand what’ s on the show D) The room is too small for the audience. 18. A)The weather is changeable B)The weather forecast is unreliable C) It will rain very soon. D)She hasn' t read the newspaper Passage one Questions 19 to2I are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19.A) history b)geography C) mathematics D)art 20. A)logic B)writing C) history D)mathematics 21. A)adviser B)computer programmer C)product designer D)school teacher Pass Questions 22 to25 are based on the conversation you have just hear
B) She doesn’t want to help him with the homework. C) The man should do the homework himself. D) The man should watch the program first. 15. A) A movie. B) A lecture. C) A play. D) A speech. 16. A) He usually talks quietly. B) He usually assigns homework. C) He didn’t teach class today. D) He noticed that the students didn’t do their homework.. 17. A) The show is too difficult to understand. B) There is nothing worth seeing there. C) She doesn’t understand what’s on the show. D) The room is too small for the audience. 18. A) The weather is changeable. B) The weather forecast is unreliable. C) It will rain very soon. D) She hasn’t read the newspaper. Passage one Questions 19 to21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) history B) geography C) mathematics D) art 20. A) logic B) writing C) history D) mathematics 21. A) adviser B) computer programmer C) product designer D) school teacher Passage two Questions 22 to25 are based on the conversation you have just heard
22. A. A mountain resort. B. A seaside reso C. a desert. D. The outback of australia 23.. A. Fellow teachers. B. Freshmen of a university. C. Second-year students. D. Eith lors or Juniors, 24. A. There are mountains nearby B.He’ s been there once C. He wants to be away from the hustle and bustle D. He heard it would be fun to be there 25. A. Finish their course work B. Plan out their holiday in detail. C. Head for Sydney. D. Buy some necessities for their tril Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D) the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard 6. A)She was found stealing in a bookstore B)She caught someone in the art of stealing C) She admitted having stolen somethir D)She said she was wrongly accused of stealing 27. A)A book. B)s3 c)A handbag. D)A Christmas card
22. A. A mountain resort. B. A seaside resort. C. A desert. D. The outback of Australia. 23.. A. Fellow teachers. B. Freshmen of a university. C. Second-year students. D. Either seniors or juniors. 24. A. There are mountains nearby. B. He’s been there once. C. He wants to be away from the hustle and bustle. D. He heard it would be fun to be there. 25.A. Finish their course work. B. Plan out their holiday in detail. C. Head for Sydney. D. Buy some necessities for their trip. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A) She was found stealing in a bookstore. B) She caught someone in the art of stealing. C) She admitted having stolen something. D) She said she was wrongly accused of stealing. 27. A) A book. B) $ 3,000. C) A handbag. D) A Christmas card
B)She was shut in a small C)She was insulted by the shopper around her. hed by the stor 9. A)They refused to apologize for having followed her though the town. B)They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing. C) They still suspected that she was a thief D) They agreed to pay her 3, 000 damages. wO Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard A)His friend gave him the wrong key. B)He didn,t know where the back door was ldn’ t find the ke D) It was too dark to put the ke the lock 31. A)It was getting dark B)He was afraid of being blamed by his friend C) The birds might have flown away D)His friend would arrive any time. 32. A)He looked silly with only one leg inside the window. B)He knew the policeman wouldn't believe him. C)The torch light made him look very foolish D)He realized that he had made a mistake Pass Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard
28. A) She was questioned by the police. B) She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes. C) She was insulted by the shopper around her. D) She was body searched by the store manager. 29. A) They refused to apologize for having followed her though the town. B) They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing. C) They still suspected that she was a thief. D) They agreed to pay her $ 3,000 damages. Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. A) His friend gave him the wrong key. B) He didn’t know where the back door was. C) He couldn’t find the key to his mailbox. D) It was too dark to put the key in the lock. 31. A) It was getting dark. B) He was afraid of being blamed by his friend. C) The birds might have flown away. D) His friend would arrive any time. 32. A) He looked silly with only one leg inside the window. B) He knew the policeman wouldn’t believe him. C) The torch light made him look very foolish. D) He realized that he had made a mistake. Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard
33. A)The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants B) The exhaustion of energy resources. C)The destruction of energy resources. D)The spread of the black powder from the fires. 4. A)The underground oil resources have not been affected B)Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive. C) The oil lakes soon dried up and stooped evaporating. D)The underground water resources have not of oil wells 35. A) To restore the normal production of the oil wells. B) To estimate the losses caused by the fire. C) To remove the oil left in the desert D) To use the oil left in the oil lakes. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. 6. A)She was found stealing in a bookstore B)She caught someone in the art of stealing C)She admitted having stolen something D)She said she was wrongly accused of stealing A)A book. B)s 3, c)A handbag. D)A Christmas card
33. A) The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants. B) The exhaustion of energy resources. C) The destruction of energy resources. D) The spread of the black powder from the fires. 34. A) The underground oil resources have not been affected. B) Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive. C) The oil lakes soon dried up and stooped evaporating. D) The underground water resources have not of oil wells. 35. A) To restore the normal production of the oil wells. B) To estimate the losses caused by the fire. C) To remove the oil left in the desert. D) To use the oil left in the oil lakes. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A) She was found stealing in a bookstore. B) She caught someone in the art of stealing. C) She admitted having stolen something. rn D) She said she was wrongly accused of stealing. 27. A) A book. B) $ 3,000. C) A handbag. D) A Christmas card
ioned by the polie B)She was shut in a small for 20 minutes C) She was insulted by the shopper around her hed by the stor 9. A)They refused to apologize for having followed her though the town B)They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing. C) They still suspected that she was a thief D) They agreed to pay her 3, 000 damages. ssage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard A)His friend gave him the wrong key. B)He didn,t know where the back door was C)He couldn' t find the key to his mailbox. D) It was too dark to put the ke the lock 31. A)It was getting dark B)He was afraid of being blamed by his friend C) The birds might have flown away D)His friend would arrive any time. 32. A)He looked silly with only one leg inside the window. B)He knew the policeman wouldn't believe him. C)The torch light made him look very foolish. D)He realized that he had made a mistake Passage Three rn Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard
28. A) She was questioned by the police. B) She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes. C) She was insulted by the shopper around her. D) She was body searched by the store manager. 29. A) They refused to apologize for having followed her though the town. B) They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing. C) They still suspected that she was a thief. D) They agreed to pay her $ 3,000 damages. Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. A) His friend gave him the wrong key. B) He didn’t know where the back door was. C) He couldn’t find the key to his mailbox. D) It was too dark to put the key in the lock. 31. A) It was getting dark. B) He was afraid of being blamed by his friend. C) The birds might have flown away. D) His friend would arrive any time. 32. A) He looked silly with only one leg inside the window. B) He knew the policeman wouldn’t believe him. C) The torch light made him look very foolish. D) He realized that he had made a mistake. Passage Three rn Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard
33. A)The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants B) The exhaustion of energy resources. C) The destruction of energy resources. D)The spread of the black powder from the fires. 4. A)The underground oil resources have not been affected B)Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive C) The oil lakes soon dried up and stooped evaporating. D)The underground water resources have not of oil wells 35. A)To restore the normal production of the oil wells. B) To estimate the losses caused by the fire. C) To remove the oil left in the desert D) To use the oil left in the oil lakes Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making you choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corres letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving that moment, the air-hostess 49. She looked very pale, but was quite 50 Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper he 51 everyone that the pilot had 52 and asked if any of the passengers knew any thing about machines or at 53 ow to drive a car. After a moment 54, a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot\s cabin. Moving the pilot 55, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the 56 instructions that were be ing sent by radio from the airport below. The plane was now dangerously close to ground, but to everyone\'s relief, it soon began to climb A. although C. thrown D. shifted
33. A) The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants. B) The exhaustion of energy resources. C) The destruction of energy resources. D) The spread of the black powder from the fires. 34. A) The underground oil resources have not been affected. B) Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive. C) The oil lakes soon dried up and stooped evaporating. D) The underground water resources have not of oil wells. 35. A) To restore the normal production of the oil wells. B) To estimate the losses caused by the fire. C) To remove the oil left in the desert. D) To use the oil left in the oil lakes. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making you choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and 47 the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly 48 forward. At that moment, the air-hostess 49 .She looked very pale, but was quite 50 .Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she 51 everyone that the pilot had 52 and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines or at 53 how to drive a car. After a moment 54 , a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot\'s cabin. Moving the pilot 55 , the man took his seat and listened carefully to the 56 instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport below. The plane was now dangerously close to ground, but to everyone\'s relief, it soon began to climb. A. although B. anxious C. thrown D. shifted
E. appeared F side I. even J. informed K. calm L, least M. fainted N. length 0. hesitation B rm Direction: There are 2 passage in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. P One estions 57 to 6l are based on the following passage. n the early days of the internet, many people worried that as people in the rich world embraced new computing and communications technologies, people in the poor world would be left stranded on the wrong side of a"digital divide. Yet the debate over the digital divide is founded on a myth hat plugging poor countries into the internet will help them to beco This is highly unlikely, because the digital divide is not a problem in itself, but a symptom of deeper, more important divides: of income, development and literacy. Fewer people in poor countries than in rich ones own computers and have access to the internet simply because they are too poor, are illiterate, or have other more immediate concerns, such as food, health care ecurity ole to wave a magic wand and cause a comput ter to appea in every household on earth, it would not achieve very much: a computer is not useful if you have no food or electricity and cannot read. Yet such Wand-waving through the construction of specific local infrastructure projects such as rural telecenters - is just the sort of thing for which the UN\'s new fund is intended. This sort of thing is the wrong way to go about ad dressing the inequality in access to digita technologies: it is treating the symptoms, rather than the under lying causes. The benefits of building rural computing centers, for example, are unclear. Rather than trying to close the divide for the sake of it, the more sensible goal is to determine how best to use technology to promote ttomup development. And the answer to that question turns out to be remarkably clear: b promoting the spread not of PCs and the Internet, but of mobile phones 57. What is the main idea of this passage? rn
E. appeared F. urgent G. presented H. aside I. even J. informed K. calm L. least M. fainted N. length O. hesitation Section B rn Direction: There are 2 passage in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One rn Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. In the early days of the internet, many people worried that as people in the rich world embraced new computing and communications technologies, people in the poor world would be left stranded on the wrong side of a “digital divide.” Yet the debate over the digital divide is founded on a myth — hat plugging poor countries into the internet will help them to become rich rapidly. This is highly unlikely, because the digital divide is not a problem in itself, but a symptom of deeper, more important divides: of income, development and literacy. Fewer people in poor countries than in rich ones own computers and have access to the internet simply because they are too poor, are illiterate, or have other more immediate concerns, such as food, health care and security. So even if it were possible to wave a magic wand and cause a computer to appear in every household on earth, it would not achieve very much: a computer is not useful if you have no food or electricity and cannot read. Yet such Wand-waving — through the construction of specific local infrastructure projects such as rural telecenters — is just the sort of thing for which the UN\'s new fund is intended. This sort of thing is the wrong way to go about addressing the inequality in access to digital technologies: it is treating the symptoms, rather than the underlying causes. The benefits of building rural computing centers, for example, are unclear. Rather than trying to close the divide for the sake of it, the more sensible goal is to determine how best to use technology to promote bottom-up development. And the answer to that question turns out to be remarkably clear: by promoting the spread not of PCs and the Internet, but of mobile phones. 57. What is the main idea of this passage? rn
