(三)细胞核和细胞质的统一性 Balbiani的变形虫实验 鸡红细胞核移植实验 叶绿体 raction I protein( Benbrook1978) 核膜 。。。。。∞∝核DNA 核膜微孔 叶绿体膜 mRNA 70s 核糖体 mRNA 808核糖体 分段蛋白大亚单 小亚单位 叶绿体DNA 叶绿体中分段I蛋白质合成过程
(三)细胞核和细胞质的统一性 Balbiani的变形虫实验 鸡红细胞核移植实验 叶绿体fraction I protein (Bedbrook 1978)
Unfertilized egg Tadpole Tad olet ra 5 Intestinal cells Recipient egg Intestine nucleus ③ No division Abnormal embry Mature toad
Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells (Wilmut, AEet al 1997.2)
Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells (Wilmut,A.E et al 1997.2 )
(二)基因活动的调控 1差别基因活动的细胞学及生化证据 87c87A 姐6e .inart by a 40-minute exposure to 37'C. (a) Control experiment with no heat shock. (b) Puffs formed after heat shock. (From Ash- (b) burner and Bonner, Cell 17: 241, 1979. Copyright M.I.T. Press, Balbiani rings in salman gland chromosomes from the midge Chiron- omus. (a) Electron icrograph showring risible Balbiani rings(arrows). (b)auto- radiograph after ina bation in medium conlaining ' H-labeled uracil The incorporeal of the 'H-lubeled uridine shows that heauy RNA synthess is occurring Im the balbar ring.(Part a by U/rich Clever, part b by Claws Pelling, Mar Planck Institute fo Biolog)
(二)基因活动的调控 1 差别基因活动的细胞学及生化证据
人类血红蛋白分子的变化 胚胎血红蛋白胎儿血红蛋白成人血红蛋白 (三个月) (3-6月) (出生后) a A195% 2 2 y2 a B 212 a 6
胚胎血红蛋白 (三个月) 胎儿血红蛋白 (3-6 月) 成人血红蛋白 (出生后) а2 а2 A1 95% A2 ε2 γ2 а2β2 а2 б2 人类血红蛋白分子的变化