《英语精读》（英文版） Book Two Unit Eight.doc_大学文库

2. aversion: strong dislike(followed by to e.g. He took an immediate aversion to his new teacher Many people have a natural and emotional aversion on insects 3. conflict: be in opposition, collision or disagreement(followed by with) e.g. Our find ings conflict with the results of the governments survey Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict There are conflicting reports about the identity of the hostage 4. proposal: a plan or idea, often a formal or written one, which is suggested for people to think about and decide upon (followed by for or to do sth. g. The new president is to put forward new proposals for resolving the country Their proposal to build a supermarket was welcomed by the local residents Palestinians rejected the latest cease-fire proposal put forward by the israeli 5. in the name: for the reason of; using the excuse of, as the representative of; by the e.g. They arrested him in the name of the safety of the country Let me thank you in the name of my parents 6. distinguish: recognize the difference(between) e.g. He is too young to distinguish right from wrong Fingerprints can be used to distinguish the two suspects 7. regardless: in spite of everything, anyway e.g. His parents objected to his marriage, but he carried on regardless We warned them that there wasnt time to get to the top of the mountain and back before dark, but they went on regardless 8. fundamental: of the basis or foundation of sth. followed by to) e.g. Teaching your child to distinguish right from wrong is one of the fundamental The fundamental problem lies in their inability to distinguish between real ity and fantasy He believes better relations with China are fundamental to the well-being of 9. combat: fight or struggle(against) e.g. Many politicians emphasized the importance of combating international Doctors are still seeking ways to combat AIDS (1) the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth(used in the singular e.g. The space shuttle Columbia will re-enter Earth's atmosphere tomorrow morning. The treaty bans nuclear testing in the atmosphere (2)feeling in the mind that is created by a group of people or a place e.g. It gas been a week since the outbreak of the riot. There is still an atmosphere of great tension in the city

2. aversion: strong dislike (followed by to ) e.g. He took an immediate aversion to his new teacher. Many people have a natural and emotional aversion on insects. 3. conflict: be in opposition, collision or disagreement (followed by with) e.g. Our findings conflict with the results of the government’s survey. Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict. There are conflicting reports about the identity of the hostage. 4. proposal: a plan or idea, often a formal or written one, which is suggested for people to think about and decide upon (followed by for or to do sth.) e.g. The new president is to put forward new proposals for resolving the country’s financial crisis. Their proposal to build a supermarket was welcomed by the local residents. Palestinians rejected the latest cease-fire proposal put forward by the Israeli Prime Minister. 5. in the name: for the reason of; using the excuse of; as the representative of; by the authority of e.g. They arrested him in the name of the safety of the country. Let me thank you in the name of my parents. 6. distinguish: recognize the difference (between) e.g. He is too young to distinguish right from wrong. Fingerprints can be used to distinguish the two suspects. 7. regardless: in spite of everything; anyway e.g. His parents objected to his marriage, but he carried on regardless. We warned them that there wasn’t time to get to the top of the mountain and back before dark, but they went on regardless. 8. fundamental: of the basis or foundation of sth. ( followed by to) e.g. Teaching your child to distinguish right from wrong is one of the fundamental tasks of parenthood. The fundamental problem lies in their inability to distinguish between reality and fantasy. He believes better relations with China are fundamental to the well-being of the area. 9. combat: fight or struggle (against) e.g. Many politicians emphasized the importance of combating international terrorism. Doctors are still seeking ways to combat AIDS. 10. atmosphere: (1) the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth (used in the singular) e.g. The space shuttle Columbia will re-enter Earth’s atmosphere tomorrow morning. The treaty bans nuclear testing in the atmosphere. (2) feeling in the mind that is created by a group of people or a place e.g. It gas been a week since the outbreak of the riot. There is still an atmosphere of great tension in the city

Atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly 11. reality: real or true situation failed They say that the economy is al ready coming out of the recession, but the reality is that there has been no improvement at all 12. consequence: the result or effect of an action or condition e.g. An economic crisis may have tremendous consequences for our global There may be serious consequences for the country if the peace talks fail 13. melt: cause(a solid ) to become liquid e.g. The ice-cream has melted in the sun The temperature is high enough to melt iron 14. urgent: calling for immediate attention e.g. After the earthquake, there was an urgent need for food and medicines He was injured in the car accident and needed urgent med ical attention 15. universal: of, belong ing, affecting or done by all people or things in the world or in a particular group e.g. AIDS has become a universal disease Human beings have to face up to the universal threat of pollution The harry potter books have been of universal interest 16. call for: require, demand e.g. Faced with the threat of a civil war, the President has called for self-control and calm The teaching profession calls for a lot of patien 17. on the grounds of/on. grounds for reasons of e.g. She ompany on the grounds of unfair dismiss John was not employed by the company on the grounds of his age 18. resistance: opposition(followed by to) e.g. There is strong resistance to the plan for a new chemical plant in this area Any attempt to influence our decision will be met with the strongest 19. vote: express one's choice in favor of( a person, political party, etc. )at an election used in the pattern: vote on sth. vote for/against) e.g. If we can't agree with each other about the plan, Lets vote on it They will vote for George Bush, I think The board of school has voted by an overwhelming majority to suspend its curriculum reform 20. run/go against the grain: be contrary to ones desire or feeling(followed by of sth /to do sth) e.g. It really goes against the grain to have to go to school on National day Privatization goes against the grain of their principle of opposition to 21. contemporary: current; modern e.g. She has worked in both classical and contemporary dance

Atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly. 11. reality: real or true situation e.g. We must face up to reality and accept that we’ve failed. They say that the economy is already coming out of the recession, but the reality is that there has been no improvement at all. 12. consequence: the result or effect of an action or condition e.g. An economic crisis may have tremendous consequences for our global security. There may be serious consequences for the country if the peace talks fail. 13. melt: cause (a solid) to become liquid e.g. The ice-cream has melted in the sun. The temperature is high enough to melt iron. 14. urgent: calling for immediate attention e.g. After the earthquake, there was an urgent need for food and medicines. He was injured in the car accident and needed urgent medical attention. 15. universal: of, belonging, affecting or done by all people or things in the world or in a particular group e.g. AIDS has become a universal disease Human beings have to face up to the universal threat of pollution. The Harry Potter books have been of universal interest. 16. call for: require, demand e.g. Faced with the threat of a civil war, the President has called for self-control and calm. The teaching profession calls for a lot of patience. 17. on the grounds of/on…grounds: for reasons of e.g. She is suing the company on the grounds of unfair dismissal’ John was not employed by the company on the grounds of his age. 18. resistance: opposition (followed by to) e.g. There is strong resistance to the plan for a new chemical plant in this area. Any attempt to influence our decision will be met with the strongest resistance. 19. vote: express one’s choice in favor of ( a person, political party, etc.) at an election ( used in the pattern: vote on sth.; vote for/against) e.g. If we can’t agree with each other about the plan, Let’s vote on it. They will vote for George Bush, I think. The board of school has voted by an overwhelming majority to suspend its curriculum reform. 20. run/go against the grain: be contrary to one’s desire or feeling (followed by of sth./to do sth.) e.g. It really goes against the grain to have to go to school on National Day. Privatization goes against the grain of their principle of opposition to private ownership of industry. 21. contemporary: current; modern e.g. She has worked in both classical and contemporary dance

You neednt report to him. He is nothing more than a clerk 26. current: occurring in or existing at the present time e.g. In comparison to the former ones, Coca-Colas current advertising campaign is more attractive and effective The current economic situation is very different from that in 1990 27. debate: discussion or argument in which people express their different opinion followed by on/about) e.g. There has been much debate about the cloning of human beings An intense debate on cease-fire talks with the palestinians was going on within the israeli vernment e.g. The United Nations Security Council will debate the issue of Afghanistan 28. rage: continue with great force; be intense e.g. Price inflation still rages although the government has taken some measures to tackle the problem Street fighting raged all over the city 29. work one's way: manage to reach or go through; make efforts to attain one's goal e.g. As my family couldn't pay that much for me to go to school, I have to work my way through law school The board are still working their way through the application forms 30. come through: experience, survive or overcomea difficulty, etc e.g. It's a miracle that some of the people working in the World Trade Center The Chinese football team was in trouble at the beginning of the match but the end it If we can come through this financial crisis the company's future will be 31. in part: to some extent; partly e.g. His failure was due in part to his laziness Whether you will be sent to Yale University for further study depends in part on how well you perform in the exam 32. ridiculous: absurd e.g. It is rid iculous to spend all her salary buying that so-called antique It is ridiculous that they should want to wait ten hours just to have a look their favorite film star 33. deny (1)refuse to grant or allow (used in the pattern deny sb sth e.g. The kid was denied the chance of going to school His ex-wife denied him access to his children (2)state sth is not true( used in the pattern: deny sth. deny that; deny doing sth e.g. When the police asked her neighbors questions, they all denied ever having In court the suspect denied that he had been involved in the robber

You needn’t report to him. He is nothing more than a clerk. 26. current: occurring in or existing at the present time e.g. In comparison to the former ones, Coca-Cola’s current advertising campaign is more attractive and effective. The current economic situation is very different from that in 1990. 27. debate: discussion or argument in which people express their different opinions ( followed by on/about) e.g. There has been much debate about the cloning of human beings. An intense debate on cease-fire talks with the Palestinians was going on within the Israeli government. v. e.g. The United Nations Security Council will debate the issue of Afghanistan today. 28. rage: continue with great force; be intense e.g. Price inflation still rages although the government has taken some measures to tackle the problem. Street fighting raged all over the city. 29. work one’s way: manage to reach or go through; make efforts to attain one’s goal e.g. As my family couldn’t pay that much for me to go to school, I have to work my way through law school. The board are still working their way through the application forms. 30. come through: experience, survive or overcome (a difficulty, etc.) e.g. It’s a miracle that some of the people working in the World Trade Center came through the terrorist attacks. The Chinese football team was in trouble at the beginning of the match but in the end it came through. If we can come through this financial crisis the company’s future will be bright. 31. in part: to some extent; partly e.g. His failure was due in part to his laziness. Whether you will be sent to Yale University for further study depends in part on how well you perform in the exam. 32. ridiculous: absurd e.g. It is ridiculous to spend all her salary buying that so-called antique. It is ridiculous that they should want to wait ten hours just to have a look at their favorite film star. 33. deny: (1) refuse to grant or allow (used in the pattern: deny sb. sth.) e.g. The kid was denied the chance of going to school. His ex-wife denied him access to his children. (2) state sth. is not true ( used in the pattern: deny sth.; deny that; deny doing sth.) e.g. When the police asked her neighbors questions, they all denied ever having seen her. In court the suspect denied that he had been involved in the robbery

34. similarly: in a similar way e.g. He was late and his girlfriend was similarly delayed Twins often dress similarly. 35 distinction: difference(followed by between) e.g. It's hard to draw a distinction between popular and serious literature There is no distinction between courage and bravery In their education proposals they made a clear distinction between academic and practical training 36. bind tie or fasten tie together e.g. The criminal bound the womans hands together behind her back When the police rushed into the room, they found that the hostages had been bound and left in the corner. 37. accommodation: the process of adapting, adjustment e.g. Mutual accommodation is of importance especially to newly married couples ry to seek accommodation from both sides in the disput 38 threat: a danger that sth. unpleasant might happen to sb. (followed by to/ from/of/against e.g. There have been death threats against the witnesses The Hurricane Center warns people not to take the threat of tropical storms lightly The President said that he would stand firm and not give in to the threats from terrorists The newly built Wal-Mart will be a threat to the local supermarkets 39. fatal: causing death; bringing ruin e.g. The doctor said the patient was suffering from a fatal disease He made a fatal mistake of giving her his telephone number. 40. concern (1) thing that is important or interesting to sb e.g. What are your main concerns as a college student? It's no concern of mine. I am not involved in it or I have no responsibility. (2)worry, anxiety(followed by for/about/over/that) e.g. Public concern about corruption has drawn the local government's attention Our main concern is that students from underdeveloped areas are not receiving enough education There was growing concern over the rise in unemployment 41 sake: purpose; benefit or well-being(used in the pattern for sb. 's/sth. 's sake, for the sake of) e.g. He changed into old shoes for the sake of comfort I' m study ing history for its own sake, not because it will help me get a job She argues for the sake of arguing.(i.e. because she likes arguing) STEP FIVE: Consolidation (7) a summary

34. similarly: in a similar way e.g. He was late and his girlfriend was similarly delayed. Twins often dress similarly. 35. distinction: difference (followed by between) e.g. It’s hard to draw a distinction between popular and serious literature. There is no distinction between courage and bravery. In their education proposals they made a clear distinction between academic and practical training. 36. bind: tie or fasten; tie together e.g. The criminal bound the woman’s hands together behind her back. When the police rushed into the room, they found that the hostages had been bound and left in the corner. 37. accommodation: the process of adapting; adjustment e.g. Mutual accommodation is of importance especially to newly married couples. It is necessary to seek accommodation from both sides in the dispute. 38. threat: a danger that sth. unpleasant might happen to sb. (followed by to/ from/of/against) e.g. There have been death threats against the witnesses. The Hurricane Center warns people not to take the threat of tropical storms lightly. The President said that he would stand firm and not give in to the threats from terrorists. The newly built Wal-Mart will be a threat to the local supermarkets. 39. fatal: causing death; bringing ruin e.g. The doctor said the patient was suffering from a fatal disease. He made a fatal mistake of giving her his telephone number. 40. concern: (1) thing that is important or interesting to sb. e.g. What are your main concerns as a college student? It’s no concern of mine. ( I am not involved in it or I have no responsibility.) (2) worry, anxiety (followed by for/ about/over/that) e.g. Public concern about corruption has drawn the local government’s attention. Our main concern is that students from underdeveloped areas are not receiving enough education. There was growing concern over the rise in unemployment. 41. sake: purpose; benefit or well-being (used in the pattern: for sb.’s/sth.’s sake; for the sake of) e.g. He changed into old shoes for the sake of comfort. I’m studying history for its own sake, not because it will help me get a job. She argues for the sake of arguing. (i.e. because she likes arguing) STEP FIVE: Consolidation ( 7’ ) a.Summary

3. It is nothing more than sentimental But it is no more than that *这是等比句型 nothing more than, no more than,no+比较级” 均表示前者与后者一样 e.g. a whale is no more than a fish than a horse I am nothing more than sorry about that His grammar is no better than mine Mike is no more a doctor than a teacher. 4.... that we should be conserving energy instead of drilling for it * Instead of是个介词短语 that we should be conserving energy instead Instead of drilling for oil, we should be conserving energy g. I will go instead of you We will have tea in the garden instead of in the house If you cant go, let him go instead I didn t have a pen, so I used a pencil instead 5. It is to be repected *be+tote. be going+to+v. be about+to+v 均表示将来做某事,但他们有细微差别。 (1) be to do强调计划,安排,有时表示命令 e.g. Our boss is to visit your factory next month You are to do your homework before you watch TV (2) be going to do强调实现决定好的事,确定即将发生的事 e.g. Look---it's going to snow (3) be about to do强调很快就要做,甚至正在做 e.g. Don't go out. We are about to have lunch Her father is about to retire b. Difficult sentences in Text A 1. Combating ecological changes that directly threaten the health and safety people is an environmental necessit (t is environmental essential and extremely necessary for us to fight against the ecological changes that are direct changers to people's health and safety. 2. A sensible environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will win universal public support, begins by unashamedly declaring that nature is here to serve man (A sensible environmentalism first makes it clear to the public that nature should serve man, but not the other way around. And this is the only kind of environmentalism that will be welcomed and supported by the public 3. Ask hardworking voters to sacrifice in the name of the snail darter, and, if they are feeling polite, they will give you a shrug (f you ask hardworking people to vote for the proposal in which the snail darter would be protected at the cost of the voters'own benef it, they will, if they are olite enough, give you a shrug to show their disagreement

3. It is nothing more than sentimental. But it is no more than that. *这是等比句型 “nothing more than, no more than, no+比较级” 均表示前者与后者一样。 e.g. A whale is no more than a fish than a horse. I am nothing more than sorry about that. His grammar is no better than mine. Mike is no more a doctor than a teacher. 4. …that we should be conserving energy instead of drilling for it. *instead of 是个介词短语 that we should be conserving energy instead. Instead of drilling for oil, we should be conserving energy. e.g. I will go instead of you. We will have tea in the garden instead of in the house. If you can’t go, let him go instead. I didn’t have a pen, so I used a pencil instead. 5. It is to be repected… *be+to+v. be going+to+v. be about+to+v. 均表示将来做某事，但他们有细微差别。 (1) be to do 强调计划，安排，有时表示命令 e.g. Our boss is to visit your factory next month. You are to do your homework before you watch TV. (2) be going to do 强调实现决定好的事，确定即将发生的事 e.g. Look---it’s going to snow. (3) be about to do 强调很快就要做，甚至正在做 e.g. Don’t go out. We are about to have lunch. Her father is about to retire. b. Difficult sentences in Text A 1. Combating ecological changes that directly threaten the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. (It is environmental essential and extremely necessary for us to fight against the ecological changes that are direct changers to people’s health and safety.) 2. A sensible environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will win universal public support, begins by unashamedly declaring that nature is here to serve man. (A sensible environmentalism first makes it clear to the public that nature should serve man, but not the other way around. And this is the only kind of environmentalism that will be welcomed and supported by the public.) 3. Ask handworking voters to sacrifice in the name of the snail darter, and, if they are feeling polite, they will give you a shrug. (If you ask handworking people to vote for the proposal in which the snail darter would be protected at the cost of the voters’ own benefit, they will, if they are polite enough, give you a shrug to show their disagreement.)