Unit Eight Cloning Teaching Period 10(1-2) Reference book:(New)Integrated Course 3 Student's and Teaching's book Teaching Method: Combining explanation and practice To understand the read ing material (Text A) Important Point: Understanding the read ing material Difficult Point: Training the Ss reading ability Processes: STEP ONE Organization STEP TWO Revision STEP THREE a. Pre-read ing task on P258 1)Get the Ss to listen to the recording 2)Ask the Ss to answer the following questions: P258 b. Theme of the unit text a STEP FOUR (80’) Text A on P258-P263 a. Pre-read ing 1)Background Knowled 2)New words and expressions b. While-read 1)Go through the Text paragraph by paragrap 2) Point out the important structures and long sentences for further explanation later c. Post-reading Text Questions on P265-266 1) Text Organization Part One:(ParasI-5) Part Two:(Paras6-11) Part Three: (Paras 12-14) 2)Writing characteristic 5. Main idea STEP FIVE Consolidation b. Practice STEP SIX Homework
Unit Eight Cloning Teaching Period : 10 (1-2) Reference Book: (New) Integrated Course 3 Student’s and Teaching’s Book Teaching Method: Combining explanation and practice Objective: To understand the reading material (Text A) Important Point: Understanding the reading material (Text A) Difficult Point: Training the Ss’ reading ability Processes: STEP ONE: Organization ( 1’ ) STEP TWO: Revision ( 0’ ) STEP THREE: Introduction ( 10’ ) a. Pre-reading task on P258 1) Get the Ss to listen to the recording 2) Ask the Ss to answer the following questions: P258 b. Theme of the unit: & Text A: STEP FOUR: New Lesson ( 80’ ) Text A on P258-P263 Comprehension a. Pre-reading 1) Background Knowledge 2) New words and expressions b. While-reading 1) Go through the Text paragraph by paragraph 2) Point out the important structures and long sentences for further explanation later c. Post-reading Text Questions on P265-266 1) Text Organization Part One: (Paras1-5) Part Two: (Paras6-11) Part Three: (Paras12-14) 2) Writing characteristics 4.. . Discussion 5. Main idea STEP FIVE: Consolidation ( 8’ ) a. Summary b. Practice STEP SIX: Homework ( 1’ )
a. oral: 1. Review the understand ing of the text and preview the language items of the text Comprehension P265-267 b. Written: Nothing Teaching Period 10 (3-4) Reference book: (New) Integrated Course 3 Student 's and Teaching's book Teaching Method: Combining explanation and practice Objective: To grasp some useful words and phrases and have a better understanding of Text A Important Point: Grasping the useful words and phrases in the text Difficult Point: Putting the words and phrases into practical use Processes: STEP ONE. Organization STEP TWO a. Revising the understanding of Text A b. Check the homework STEP THREE Introduction a. Tell the Ss that in these two periods, we are going to learn some useful words and STEP FOUR: New lesson Text A I clone: any of a group of plants or animals produced from the cells of a single ancestor and therefore exactly the same as it is eg(1) Researchers produced clones from adult mice in 1998 (2)Although two clones are identical genetically, they may develop in different wavs 2 give birth to: bear a child bring forth create originate eg(1)Although a mother panda often gives birth to two cubs, she usually abandons one of them without attempting to care for it (2) The research has shown that mothers who smoke give birth more frequently to derweight babie 3 for all the world in every respect/ exactly eg(1)I felt for all the world as if I was still a child (2)He looked for all the world like a country doctor 4 dot: spread things or people in various separate places over an area a small round mark eg(1) From the top floor we could see the trees dotting the landscape (2) He forgot the dot on the letter I and so looked like an I 5 union: a uniting or be ing united, combination, an origination of workers from a particular profession, an association or club
a. Oral: 1. Review the understanding of the text and preview the language items of the text; Comprehension P265-267 b. Written: Nothing Teaching Period : 10 (3-4) Reference Book: (New) Integrated Course 3 Student’s and Teaching’s Book Teaching Method: Combining explanation and practice Objective: To grasp some useful words and phrases and have a better understanding of Text A Important Point: Grasping the useful words and phrases in the text Difficult Point: Putting the words and phrases into practical use Processes: STEP ONE: Organization ( 1’ ) STEP TWO: Revision ( 10’ ) a. Revising the understanding of Text A b. Check the homework STEP THREE: Introduction ( 1’ ) a. Tell the Ss that in these two periods, we are going to learn some useful words and phrases. STEP FOUR: New Lesson ( 80’ ) Text A 1 clone: any of a group of plants or animals produced from the cells of a single ancestor and therefore exactly the same as it is eg (1) Researchers produced clones from adult mice in 1998 (2) Although two clones are identical genetically, they may develop in different ways 2 give birth to: bear a child bring forth / create originate eg (1) Although a mother panda often gives birth to two cubs, she usually abandons one of them without attempting to care for it (2) The research has shown that mothers who smoke give birth more frequently to premature or underweight babies 3 for all the world: in every respect / exactly eg(1) I felt for all the world as if I was still a child (2) He looked for all the world like a country doctor 4 dot : spread things or people in various separate places over an area / a small round mark eg(1) From the top floor we could see the trees dotting the landscape (2) He forgot the dot on the letter I and so looked like an l 5 union : a uniting or being united, combination, an origination of workers from a particular profession, an association or club
eg(1)Marriage is a socially recognized and approved union between individuals (2)Labor union bargained with employers to determine issues such as wage ond itions of work and work 6 fuse: cause to join together followed by with eg(1) Nearly 50 percent of the cumulus cells that successfully fused with an egg developed into an ad vanced embryo (2) Genes determine how we develop from the moment the sperm fuses with the eg: (1) Genetics is the study of the function and behavior of gener s 7 gene: a unit in a chromosome which controls inherited characteristics (2) The Human Genome Project has so far identified nearly all of the estimated 31000 gens in the nucleus of a human cell 8 take up: go and live, move into a certain position eg(1)The hunter took up his quarters in a hut (2)As the crowd grew, riot police took up their positions 9 residence: the fact of living in a particular place eg (1) He took up his permanent residence in China (2) More immigrants were admitted to the United States for permanent residence in 10 identical: exactly alike or equal, the very same eg: (1) The journalist David wrote a true story of a bill ionaire's quest to produce a son identical to himself (2)Although Euro bills are identical in all countries, each country can issue its own oins 11 twin: persons who have the same mother and were born on the same day eg(1) The two boys looked like twins (2) He has a twin brother and a younger brother 12 beforehand in advance eg(1)Catherine got married without telling anyone beforehand (2)Mum had done most of the cooking beforehand, so we weren't tired to the kitchen 13 oppose: express strong disapproval with the aim of preventing or chang ing a course of action eg(1)My father opposed my wish to become a musician (2)We are utterly opposed to any form of terrorism 14 theoretical: concerned with the theory of a subject eg(1) Information theory is primarily a theoretical study (2)With his brilliant theoretical work, Alber revolutionized 20th century physics 15 in principle: as far as basic principles are concerned eg(1)In principle, clones may be essentially immortal, dying only from disease or the deterioration of the environment (2)In principle, Quantum theory could be used to predict the behavior of any physical, chemical system 16 offensive: causing sb to feel upset, insulted or annoyed
eg(1) Marriage is a socially recognized and approved union between individuals (2) Labor union bargained with employers to determine issues such as wages, conditions of work, and worker security 6 fuse: cause to join together followed by with eg(1) Nearly 50 percent of the cumulus cells that successfully fused with an egg developed into an advanced embryo (2) Genes determine how we develop from the moment the sperm fuses with the egg 7 gene: a unit in a chromosome which controls inherited characteristics eg: (1) Genetics is the study of the function and behavior of genes (2) The Human Genome Project has so far identified nearly all of the estimated 31000 gens in the nucleus of a human cell 8 take up :go and live, move into a certain position eg (1) The hunter took up his quarters in a hut (2) As the crowd grew, riot police took up their positions 9 residence : the fact of living in a particular place eg (1) He took up his permanent residence in China (2) More immigrants were admitted to the United States for permanent residence in recent years 10 identical: exactly alike or equal, the very same eg:(1) The journalist David wrote a true story of a billionaire’s quest to produce a son identical to himself (2) Although Euro bills are identical in all countries, each country can issue its own coins 11 twin: persons who have the same mother and were born on the same day eg (1) The two boys looked like twins (2) He has a twin brother and a younger brother 12 beforehand : in advance eg (1) Catherine got married without telling anyone beforehand (2) Mum had done most of the cooking beforehand, so we weren’t tired to the kitchen 13 oppose : express strong disapproval with the aim of preventing or changing a course of action eg (1) My father opposed my wish to become a musician (2) We are utterly opposed to any form of terrorism 14 theoretical : concerned with the theory of a subject eg (1) Information theory is primarily a theoretical study (2) With his brilliant theoretical work, Alber revolutionized 20th century physics 15 in principle : as far as basic principles are concerned eg (1) In principle, clones may be essentially immortal, dying only from disease or the deterioration of the environment (2) In principle, Quantum theory could be used to predict the behavior of any physical, chemical system 16 offensive : causing sb to feel upset, insulted or annoyed
eg(1) Minority groups are protected from hateful and offensive speech and actions on campus (2) The document did not appare to contain any offensive statements 17 compromise: a settlement in which each side gives up some demands eg(1)In order to reduce carbon monoxide emission from motor vehicles but at the same time develop the industry, a mise was reached C(2) The government has compromised with its critics over monetary policies potential the possibility of sth happening or being developed eg(1) Volcanoes have the potential to create some of the plant's most formidable natural d isasters 19 tolerate: allow sth that one does not like to happen or continue, put up with eg(1) College president sent letters to every student saying that drugs on campus would not be tolerated (2) Teachers will not tolerate cheating on exams just as parents will not let th children lie and get away with it 20 ancient: belonging to times that are long past eg(1) furniture designs have reflected the fashion of every era from ancient times to the present (2)Hebrew is an ancient language that become extinct, but has now been brought ack to life and is spoken today STEP FIVE Consolidation a Summary b. Practice STEP SIX Homework Review .. and preview the second part of the words and phrases 16. Language Focus P269-272 b Written 1.P2701 Teaching Period 10(5-6) Reference book: (New) Integrated Course 3 Students and Teachings Book Teaching Method: Combining explanation and practice To grasp some useful words and phrases and have a better understanding of Text A Important Point: Grasping the useful words and phrases in the text Difficult Point: Putting the words and phrases into practical use Processes: STEP ONE. Organization STEP TWO Revision a. Review the first part of the words and phrases b. Check the homework
eg (1) Minority groups are protected from hateful and offensive speech and actions on campus (2) The document did not appare to contain any offensive statements 17 compromise : a settlement in which each side gives up some demands eg (1)In order to reduce carbon monoxide emission from motor vehicles but at the same time develop the industry, a compromise was reached (2) The government has compromised with its critics over monetary policies 18 potential : the possibility of sth happening or being developed eg (1) Volcanoes have the potential to create some of the plant’s most formidable natural disasters 19 tolerate : allow sth that one does not like to happen or continue, put up with eg (1) College president sent letters to every student saying that drugs on campus would not be tolerated (2) Teachers will not tolerate cheating on exams just as parents will not let their children lie and get away with it 20 ancient : belonging to times that are long past eg (1) Furniture designs have reflected the fashion of every era from ancient times to the present (2) Hebrew is an ancient language that become extinct, but has now been brought back to life and is spoken today STEP FIVE: Consolidation ( 7’ ) a. Summary b. Practice STEP SIX: Homework ( 1’ ) a. Oral: 1.Review … and preview the second part of the words and phrases 16.Language Focus P269-272 b.Written: 1. P270 1 Teaching Period : 10 (5-6) Reference Book: (New) Integrated Course 3 Student’s and Teaching’s Book Teaching Method: Combining explanation and practice Objective: To grasp some useful words and phrases and have a better understanding of Text A Important Point: Grasping the useful words and phrases in the text Difficult Point: Putting the words and phrases into practical use Processes: STEP ONE: Organization ( 1’ ) STEP TWO: Revision ( 10’ ) a. Review the first part of the words and phrases b. Check the homework
STEP THREE Introduction a. Tell the Ss that in these two periods, we are going to learn some useful words and STEP FOUR: ew es (80) Text a 21 catalog: a complete list of items eg(1)Users outsider the library can access millions of bibliographic records, including the entire card catalog, through the Internet (2) Dell sells its products directly to customers through the Internet and mail order atalogs rather than through retail outlines 22 terrify: make sb very frightened eg(1) Fly ing has terrified some people since the terrorists attack on the World Trade Center (2)The gunman's threats terrified her into handing over the money normally: under normal circumstances ord inarily (1)during 26 years of research on sharks I have found them to be normally unaggressive and even timid toward man (2) Greatly affected by el nino, areas that normally wet, such as Indonesia, the Philippines 24 mixture: a combination of two or more things or styles eg(1)offspring receive a mixture of genetic information from both parents (2)Smog, a mixture of smoke and fog, irritates the eyes, throat and lungs and also damages plants 25 brilliant: very intelligent, extremely clever eg(1) It was his brilliant performance in Hamlet that established his reputation (2)With his brilliant theoretical work, Albert revolutionized 20th physics 26 inherit: have features or qualities from an ancestor eg(1) Deficiencies in immune function may be either inherited or acquired (2)While people biologically inherit many phy sical traits and behavioral instincts culture is socially inherited 27 comment: a written or spoke remark giving an opinion eg(1) He was making rude comments about her haircut (2) The president refused to comment on the issue of gun violence on campus 28 genius: exceptionally, great creative ability eg(1)Thomas Edison is considered a genius of invention (2)From the age of three, she showed signs of geniu 9 atomic: concerning atoms or the energy released by them eg (1)On august 6, 1945, the US dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan (2)As the atomic nuclei are fused together, an extraord inary amount of energy is released curiosity: a strong desire to know and learn (1)As a young Einstein showed a brill iant curiosity about nature and an ability to understand difficult mathematical concepts (2) My daughter showed an enthusiasm and curiosity about Chinese histor
STEP THREE: Introduction ( 1’ ) a. Tell the Ss that in these two periods, we are going to learn some useful words and phrases. STEP FOUR: New Lesson ( 80’ ) Text A 21 catalog : a complete list of items eg(1) Users outsider the library can access millions of bibliographic records, including the entire card catalog, through the Internet (2) Dell sells its products directly to customers through the Internet and mail order catalogs rather than through retail outlines 22 terrify : make sb very frightened eg (1) Flying has terrified some people since the terrorists attack on the World Trade Center (2) The gunman’s threats terrified her into handing over the money 23 normally : under normal circumstances ordinarily eg (1) During 26 years of research on sharks I have found them to be normally unaggressive and even timid toward man (2) Greatly affected by El Nino, areas that normally wet, such as Indonesia, the Philippines 24 mixture: a combination of two or more things or styles eg (1) Offspring receive a mixture of genetic information from both parents (2) Smog, a mixture of smoke and fog, irritates the eyes, throat and lungs and also damages plants 25 brilliant : very intelligent, extremely clever eg (1) It was his brilliant performance in Hamlet that established his reputation (2) With his brilliant theoretical work, Albert revolutionized 20th physics 26 inherit : have features or qualities from an ancestor eg (1) Deficiencies in immune function may be either inherited or acquired (2) While people biologically inherit many physical traits and behavioral instincts, culture is socially inherited 27 comment : a written or spoke remark giving an opinion eg (1) He was making rude comments about her haircut (2) The president refused to comment on the issue of gun violence on campus 28 genius : exceptionally, great creative ability eg (1) Thomas Edison is considered a genius of invention (2) From the age of three, she showed signs of genius 29 atomic : concerning atoms or the energy released by them eg (1) On August 6, 1945, the US dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan (2) As the atomic nuclei are fused together, an extraordinary amount of energy is released 30 curiosity: a strong desire to know and learn eg (1)As a young Einstein showed a brilliant curiosity about nature and an ability to understand difficult mathematical concepts (2) My daughter showed an enthusiasm and curiosity about Chinese history
31 let loose. set free eg(1) Don' t let that dog loose in the yard, as it will terrify the kids (2) Trainees will go through a four- hour lesson before they are let loose on the controls 32 transplant: removing tissure or an organ from one person or animal and put it into another eg(1)The operation to transplant a kidney is now fairly routine (2)Tea was transplanted from China to India and Sri Lanka 33 Lash out at: make a sudden violent attack at with blows or words eg (1) He lashed out at them with his fists (2)It seemed that he was going to lash out at the saleswoman, but he controlled 34 immune: not affected by sth eg (1)Football is not immune to economic recession (2)It seemed for a while that infants were immune to aids eg(1)In the story he merged his mind with the robots and shared its thoughts (2)The most commonly cited example of a primitive calculating device is the 36 primitive: of or at an early stage of development eg(1) The most commonly cited example of a primitive calculating device is the (2)With the discovery in 1996 that primitive life may have flourished early in the history of Mars, interest in exploring the planet increased 37 start out: intend when starting eg(1) They started out wanting a house but everything bought a flat (2)She started out as a teacher and only began writing in his thirties 38 grow into: become gradually as time passes eg(1)With the construction of the highways, the village is growing into a town (2)She is growing into a beautiful young woman 39 batch: the amount of bread produced at once baking eg(1) The second batch of sugar was better than the first (2)The school authorities have laid down a great batch of rules and regulations STEP FIVE: Consolidation a Summary b. Practice STEP SIX (1) 1. Review .. and preview the structures and long sentences of the text 2. Language Focus p269-274 b Written 1.P2733
31 let loose : set free eg (1) Don’t let that dog loose in the yard, as it will terrify the kids (2) Trainees will go through a four-hour lesson before they are let loose on the controls 32 transplant : removing tissure or an organ from one person or animal and put it into another eg (1) The operation to transplant a kidney is now fairly routine (2) Tea was transplanted from China to India and Sri Lanka 33 Lash out at : make a sudden violent attack at with blows or words eg (1) He lashed out at them with his fists (2) It seemed that he was going to lash out at the saleswoman, but he controlled himself 34 immune : not affected by sth eg (1) Football is not immune to economic recession (2) It seemed for a while that infants were immune to Aids 35 merge : combine eg (1) In the story he merged his mind with the robot’s and shared its thoughts (2) The most commonly cited example of a primitive calculating device is the abacus 36 primitive : of or at an early stage of development eg (1) The most commonly cited example of a primitive calculating device is the abacus (2) With the discovery in 1996 that primitive life may have flourished early in the history of Mars, interest in exploring the planet increased 37 start out : intend when starting eg (1) They started out wanting a house, but everything bought a flat (2) She started out as a teacher and only began writing in his thirties 38 grow into : become gradually as time passes eg (1) With the construction of the highways, the village is growing into a town (2) She is growing into a beautiful young woman 39 batch : the amount of bread produced at once baking eg (1) The second batch of sugar was better than the first (2) The school authorities have laid down a great batch of rules and regulations STEP FIVE: Consolidation ( 7’ ) a. Summary b. Practice STEP SIX: Homework ( 1’ ) a. Oral: 1.Review … and preview the structures and long sentences of the text; 2.Language Focus P269-274 b.Written: 1. P273 3
Teaching Period: 10(7-8) Reference book: (New) Integrated Course 3 Students and Teaching's book Teaching Method: Combining explanation and practice Objective: To grasp some useful structures, understand some difficult sentences and check the exercises in part ll Important Point: Grasping some useful structures and understand ing some difficult sente Difficult point: Practising the usage of the structures Processes: STEP ONE. Organization STEP TWO Revision (7,) Revising the words and phrases of Text A b. Check the homework STEP THREE a. Tell the Ss that in these two periods, we are going to deal with some important structures and difficult sentences in Text A and check the exercises of Part II STEP FOUR New lesson (80) a. Important structures and Difficult sentences in Text A Cloning offers the possibility of making exact copies of ourselves. Should this be allowed? What benefits and dangers may cloning bring? 克隆技术使我们有可能分毫不差地复制自己。这一技术是否应该获准应 用?克隆技术会带来什么裨益与危险? A Clone is born Gina Kolata 1 On July 5, 1996, at 5: 00 p. m, the most famous lamb in history entered the world. She was born in a shed, just down the road from the roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland, where she was created. And yet her creator, Ian Wilmut, a quiet, balding fifty-two-year-old embryologist, does not remember where he was when he heard that the lamb, named Dolly, was born. He does not even recall getting a telephone call from John Bracken, a scientist who had monitored the pregnancy of the sheep that gave birth to Dolly, saying that Dolly was alive and healthy and weighed 6.6 kilograms 克隆生命诞生了 吉纳·科拉泰 996年7月5日下午5点,有史以来最出名的小羊羔问世了。它出生在 苏格兰罗斯林镇的罗斯林研究院所在的那条路上的一个小棚里,这只羊羔是在该 研究院创造出来的。而它的创造者伊恩·威尔莫特,一位正在谢顶的文质彬彬的 52岁的胚胎学家,却不记得自己是在什么地方听到这头名叫多利的羊问世的消
Teaching Period : 10 (7-8) Reference Book: (New) Integrated Course 3 Student’s and Teaching’s Book Teaching Method: Combining explanation and practice Objective: To grasp some useful structures, understand some difficult sentences and check the exercises in Part II Important Point: Grasping some useful structures and understanding some difficult sentences Difficult Point: Practising the usage of the structures Processes: STEP ONE: Organization ( 1’ ) STEP TWO: Revision ( 7’ ) a. Revising the words and phrases of Text A (Usage) b. Check the homework STEP THREE: Introduction ( 1’ ) a. Tell the Ss that in these two periods, we are going to deal with some important structures and difficult sentences in Text A and check the exercises of Part II. STEP FOUR: New Lesson ( 80＇ ) a. Important structures and Difficult sentences in Text A Cloning offers the possibility of making exact copies of ourselves. Should this be allowed? What benefits and dangers may cloning bring? 克隆技术使我们有可能分毫不差地复制自己。这一技术是否应该获准应 用？克隆技术会带来什么裨益与危险？ A Clone Is Born Gina Kolata 1 On July 5, 1996, at 5:00 p.m., the most famous lamb in history entered the world. She was born in a shed, just down the road from the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland, where she was created. And yet her creator, Ian Wilmut, a quiet, ba lding fifty-two-year-old embryologist, does not remember where he was when he heard that the lamb, named Dolly, was born. He does not even recall getting a telephone call from John Bracken, a scientist who had monitored the pregnancy of the sheep that gave birth to Dolly, saying that Dolly was alive and healthy and weighed 6.6 kilograms. 克隆生命诞生了 吉纳·科拉泰 1996 年 7 月 5 日下午 5 点，有史以来最出名的小羊羔问世了。它出生在 苏格兰罗斯林镇的罗斯林研究院所在的那条路上的一个小棚里，这只羊羔是在该 研究院创造出来的。而它的创造者伊恩·威尔莫特，一位正在谢顶的文质彬彬的 52 岁的胚胎学家，却不记得自己是在什么地方听到这头名叫多利的羊问世的消
息的。他甚至不记得曾接到约翰·布拉肯的电话,这位对产下多利的那头羊的 整个妊娠过程进行监察的科学家在电话上说多利健康存活,体重66千克。 2 No one broke open champagne. No one took pictures. Only a few members from the institute a local veterinarian who attended the birth present. Yet Dolly, who looked for all the world like hundreds of other lambs that dot the rolling hills of Scotland, was soon to change the world 没有人打开香槟酒庆贺。没有人拍照留影。只有研究院的几位员工,以及 接生的一位当地兽医在场。然而,多利,这头与苏格兰起伏的山丘上散布着的千 百头其他的羊毫无异样的小羊羔,很快就改变了世界。 3 When the time comes to write the history of our age, this quiet birth, the creation of this little lamb, will stand out. The world is a different place now that she 当后人编写我们这一时代的历史的时候,这一平静的降生,这头小羊羔的 问世,将会引人注目。世界因它降生而从此改变。 4 Dolly is a clone. She was created not out of the union of a sperm and an egg but out of the genetic material from an udder cell of a six- year-old sheep wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell's genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that ided the ud der cells. but an identical twin bor later 多利是头克隆羊。它不是精卵结合的产物,而是由取自一头六龄羊的乳腺 细胞的基因材料生成的。威尔莫特先将取自另一头羊的卵子中的所有基因材料取 出,再将该卵子与这一乳腺细胞融合。乳腺细胞的基因在该卵子中安营扎寨,令 其生长发育。其结果就是多利羊,即与提供乳腺细胞的那头羊一模一样的孪生羊, 只是这头孪生羊晚出生了6年。 5 Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibil ity decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. Now it is not fantasy to think that someday, perhaps decades from now, but someday, you could clone yourself and make tens, dozens, hundreds of genetically identical twins. Nor is it science fiction to think that your cells could be improved beforehand, genetically engineered to add some genes and remove others 在多利羊问世之前,克隆 技术不过是科学幻想的故事。几十年前有人提出这种可能性,后来遭到摒弃,严 肃的科学家那时认为克隆在近期根本不可能实现。现在这已不再是幻想,几十年 之后,或许有朝一日你可以克隆自己,造出数十个,数百个,上千个基因完全相 同的孪生的兄弟。事先改进你的细胞,运用基因工程注入某些基因,剔除某些基 因,这样的事也不再是科学幻想。 6 True, it was a sheep that was cloned, not a human being. But there was nothing exceptional about sheep. Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. "There is no reason in principle why you couldnt do it "But, he added, "All of us would find that offensive 没错,克隆的是头羊,而不是人。但羊并没有任何独特之处。甚至明确表
息的。他甚至不记得曾接到约翰· 布拉肯的电话，这位对产下多利的那头羊的 整个妊娠过程进行监察的科学家在电话上说多利健康存活，体重 6.6 千克。 2 No one broke open champagne. No one took pictures. Only a few staff members from the institute and a local veterinarian who attended the birth were present. Yet Dolly, who looked for all the world like hundreds of other lambs that dot the rolling hills of Scotland, was soon to change the world. 没有人打开香槟酒庆贺。没有人拍照留影。只有研究院的几位员工，以及 接生的一位当地兽医在场。然而，多利，这头与苏格兰起伏的山丘上散布着的千 百头其他的羊毫无异样的小羊羔，很快就改变了世界。 3 When the time comes to write the history of our age, this quiet birth, the creation of this little lamb, will stand out. The world is a different place now that she is born. 当后人编写我们这一时代的历史的时候，这一平静的降生，这头小羊羔的 问世，将会引人注目。世界因它降生而从此改变。 4 Dolly is a clone. She was created not out of the union of a sperm and an egg but out of the genetic material from an udder cell of a six-year-old sheep. Wilmut fused the udder cell with an egg from another sheep, after first removing all genetic material from the egg. The udder cell's genes took up residence in the egg and directed it to grow and develop. The result was Dolly, the identical twin of the original sheep that provided the udder cells, but an identical twin born six years later. 多利是头克隆羊。它不是精卵结合的产物，而是由取自一头六龄羊的乳腺 细胞的基因材料生成的。威尔莫特先将取自另一头羊的卵子中的所有基因材料取 出，再将该卵子与这一乳腺细胞融合。乳腺细胞的基因在该卵子中安营扎寨，令 其生长发育。其结果就是多利羊，即与提供乳腺细胞的那头羊一模一样的孪生羊， 只是这头孪生羊晚出生了 6 年。 5 Until Dolly entered the world, cloning was the stuff of science fiction. It had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. Now it is not fantasy to think that someday, perhaps decades from now, but someday, you could clone yourself and make tens, dozens, hundreds of genetically identical twins. Nor is it science fiction to think that your cells could be improved beforehand, genetically engineered to add some genes and remove others. 在多利羊问世之前，克隆 技术不过是科学幻想的故事。几十年前有人提出这种可能性，后来遭到摒弃，严 肃的科学家那时认为克隆在近期根本不可能实现。现在这已不再是幻想，几十年 之后，或许有朝一日你可以克隆自己，造出数十个，数百个，上千个基因完全相 同的孪生的兄弟。事先改进你的细胞，运用基因工程注入某些基因，剔除某些基 因，这样的事也不再是科学幻想。 6 True, it was a sheep that was cloned, not a human being. But there was nothing exceptional about sheep. Even Wilmut, who made it clear that he was opposed to the very idea of cloning people, said that there was no longer any theoretical reason why humans could not clone themselves, using the same methods he had used to clone Dolly. "There is no reason in principle why you couldn't do it." But, he added, "All of us would find that offensive." 没错，克隆的是头羊，而不是人。但羊并没有任何独特之处。甚至明确表
示反对克隆人的威尔莫特也称,理论上,没有理由说人类不能使用与克隆多利羊 同样的手段来克隆人类本身。“原则上没有不能这么做的理由。”但他补充说,“我 们都会认为这样做令人厌恶。” 7 We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good? Cloning, with its possibil ities for creating our own identical twins, brings back to the ancient sins of vanity and pride, the sins of Narcissus, who so loved himself, and of Prometheus, who, in stealing fire, sought the powers of God. So before we can ask why we are so fascinated by cloning, we have to examine our souls and ask, What exactly so bothers many of us about trying to make an exact copy of our genetic selves? Or, if we are not bothered why aren,'t we? 我们生活在这样一个时代,人们为了追求道德的完善对实用主义和妥协折 衷的问题争论不休。而克隆技术迫使我们回到有史以来一直困扰人类的那些最本 质的问题:何者为善,何者为恶?为了获得可能有益的东西,我们对邪恶的隐患 能容忍到何种程度?克隆技术以其创造与我们自身完全一样的孪生兄弟的可能 性,将我们带回到种种古老的罪孽:虚荣傲慢;那喀索斯式的自恋罪,以及普罗 米修斯的罪孽,他以盗火来谋求上帝的权力。因此,我们在扪心自问为什么对克 隆技术如此着迷之前,不得不首先审视自己的心灵,问一问:究竟是什么东西使 得我们中的许多人对于尝试复制与自身基因完全等同的孪生兄弟那么不安?或 者,如果我们并没有感到不安,其原因又是什么? 8 We want children who resemble us. Even couples who use donor eggs or donor sperm, search catalogs of donors to find people who resemble themselves. Several displayed on the walls of New York subways. It reiy. Daughter Leaving Home, "was years ago, a poem by Linda Pastan, called To a Is it my own image I love so I lean over your sleep, Narcissus over his clear pool ready to fall in Yet if we so love ourselves, reflected in our children, why is it so terrifying to so many of us to think of seeing our exact genetic replicas born again, identical twins years younger than we? Is it one thing for nature to form us through a genetic lottery and another for us to take complete control, abandoning all thoughts of someho through the mixing of genes, having a child who is like us, but better? normally when a man and a woman have a child together, the child is an unpredictable mixture of the two. We recognize that, of course, in the old joke in which a beautiful but dumb woman suggests to an ugly but brilliant man that the two have a child. Just think of how wonderful the baby would be the woman says with my looks and your brains
示反对克隆人的威尔莫特也称，理论上，没有理由说人类不能使用与克隆多利羊 同样的手段来克隆人类本身。“原则上没有不能这么做的理由。”但他补充说，“我 们都会认为这样做令人厌恶。” 7 We live in a time when we argue about pragmatism and compromises in our quest to be morally right. But cloning forces us back to the most basic questions that have plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded time: What is good and what is evil? And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain something that might be good? Cloning, with its possibilities for creating our own identical twins, brings us back to the ancient sins of vanity and pride; the sins of Narcissus, who so loved himself, and of Prometheus, who, in stealing fire, sought the powers of God. So before we can ask why we are so fascinated by cloning, we have to examine our souls and ask, What exactly so bothers many of us about trying to make an exact copy of our genetic selves? Or, if we are not bothered, why aren't we? 我们生活在这样一个时代，人们为了追求道德的完善对实用主义和妥协折 衷的问题争论不休。而克隆技术迫使我们回到有史以来一直困扰人类的那些最本 质的问题：何者为善，何者为恶？为了获得可能有益的东西，我们对邪恶的隐患 能容忍到何种程度？克隆技术以其创造与我们自身完全一样的孪生兄弟的可能 性，将我们带回到种种古老的罪孽：虚荣傲慢；那喀索斯式的自恋罪，以及普罗 米修斯的罪孽，他以盗火来谋求上帝的权力。因此，我们在扪心自问为什么对克 隆技术如此着迷之前，不得不首先审视自己的心灵，问一问：究竟是什么东西使 得我们中的许多人对于尝试复制与自身基因完全等同的孪生兄弟那么不安？或 者，如果我们并没有感到不安，其原因又是什么？ 8 We want children who resemble us. Even couples who use donor eggs or donor sperm, search catalogs of donors to find people who resemble themselves. Several years ago, a poem by Linda Pastan, called "To a Daughter Leaving Home," was displayed on the walls of New York subways. It read: Is it my own image I love so in your face? I lean over your sleep, Narcissus over his clear pool, ready to fall in -- to drown for you if necessary. Yet if we so love ourselves, reflected in our children, why is it so terrifying to so many of us to think of seeing our exact genetic replicas born again, identical twins years younger than we? Is it one thing for nature to form us through a genetic lottery, and another for us to take complete control, abandoning all thoughts of somehow, through the mixing of genes, having a child who is like us, but better? Normally, when a man and a woman have a child together, the child is an unpredictable mixture of the two. We recognize that, of course, in the old joke in which a beautiful but dumb woman suggests to an ugly but brilliant man that the two have a child. Just think of how wonderful the baby would be, the woman says, with my looks and your brains
Aha, says the man. But what if the child inherited my looks and your brains? 我们希望子女像我们自己。即使是采用捐赠卵子或捐赠精子的夫妇也要查 找精子捐献人名录,以发现与自己相像的人。若干年前,琳达·帕斯坦写的 首题为《致离家的女儿》的诗曾出现在纽约地铁的墙上,诗中写道: 难道是我自己的形象 映在你的脸上 使我如此爱恋? 我俯视着安睡的你 就像那喀索斯俯视着 他那一潭清水 随时准备跳下去 如有必要 为你沉溺 然而,如果我们如此爱恋在子女身上映现出来的自我,那为什么我们当中 有这么多人,一想到将目睹与我们完全一样的基因复制品、比自己年轻许多的双 胞胎降生的时候,就会感到如此惊恐?难道大自然通过基因的任意组合将我们造 就是一回事,而由我们自己实施全面控制,摈弃一切随意的念头,通过基因组合 造就一个与我们相似但更为完美的孩子则又是另外一回事?当男女一起生育孩 子时,孩子往往是两个人基因的不可预料的组合。显然,一个老笑话表明我们已 经认识到了这一点。这个笑话说的是一位漂亮但蠢笨的女人向一个丑陋但才华横 溢的男人建议两人一起生一个孩子。想一想吧,那女人说,孩子拥有我的容貌 你的大脑那将会多么出色。啊,那男人说,可要是孩子继承了我的容貌你的大脑 9 Cloning brings us face-to-face with what it means to be human and makes us confront both the privileges and limitations of life itself. It also forces us to question the powers of science. Is there, in fact, knowledge that we do not want? Are there paths we would rather not pursue? 克隆技术使我们直接面对做人的意义这个问题,使我们直接面对生命本身 的特权与限制。克隆技术也迫使我们对科学的力量提出质疑。是不是有些知识我 们真的不要去获取?有一些路我们宁愿不去探寻? he time is long past when from its consequences. If any needed remind ing that the innocence of scientists was lost long ago, they need only recall the comments of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the genius who was a father of the atomic bomb and who was transformed in the process from a supremely confident man, ready to follow his scientific curiosity, to a humbled and troubled soul, wondering what science had let loose 我们奢谈科学的纯洁性,将科学与其后果分离的时代早已过去。如果有谁 还需要提醒,科学家的纯真早已丧失,他们只要回想一下J·罗伯特·奥本海默 的话。奥本海默是一位天才,他是原子弹的缔造者之一。他在追求科学的过程中 从一个极其自信、随时准备跟着科学好奇心走的人,逐渐变成了一个谦恭困惑的 人,他不知道科学放出了什么妖魔。 11 Before the bomb was made, Oppenheimer said, "When you see something that is technically sweet you go ahead and do it "After the bomb was dropped on
Aha, says the man. But what if the child inherited my looks and your brains? 我们希望子女像我们自己。即使是采用捐赠卵子或捐赠精子的夫妇也要查 找精子捐献人名录，以发现与自己相像的人。若干年前，琳达· 帕斯坦写的一 首题为《致离家的女儿》的诗曾出现在纽约地铁的墙上，诗中写道： 难道是我自己的形象 映在你的脸上 使我如此爱恋？ 我俯视着安睡的你 就像那喀索斯俯视着 他那一潭清水， 随时准备跳下去―― 如有必要 为你沉溺 然而，如果我们如此爱恋在子女身上映现出来的自我，那为什么我们当中 有这么多人，一想到将目睹与我们完全一样的基因复制品、比自己年轻许多的双 胞胎降生的时候，就会感到如此惊恐？难道大自然通过基因的任意组合将我们造 就是一回事，而由我们自己实施全面控制，摈弃一切随意的念头，通过基因组合 造就一个与我们相似但更为完美的孩子则又是另外一回事？当男女一起生育孩 子时，孩子往往是两个人基因的不可预料的组合。显然，一个老笑话表明我们已 经认识到了这一点。这个笑话说的是一位漂亮但蠢笨的女人向一个丑陋但才华横 溢的男人建议两人一起生一个孩子。想一想吧，那女人说，孩子拥有我的容貌、 你的大脑那将会多么出色。啊，那男人说，可要是孩子继承了我的容貌你的大脑 呢？ 9 Cloning brings us face-to-face with what it means to be human and makes us confront both the privileges and limitations of life itself. It also forces us to question the powers of science. Is there, in fact, knowledge that we do not want? Are there paths we would rather not pursue? 克隆技术使我们直接面对做人的意义这个问题，使我们直接面对生命本身 的特权与限制。克隆技术也迫使我们对科学的力量提出质疑。是不是有些知识我 们真的不要去获取？有一些路我们宁愿不去探寻？ 10 The time is long past when we can speak of the purity of science, divorced from its consequences. If any needed reminding that the innocence of scientists was lost long ago, they need only recall the comments of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the genius who was a father of the atomic bomb and who was transformed in the process from a supremely confident man, ready to follow his scientific curiosity, to a humbled and troubled soul, wondering what science had let loose. 我们奢谈科学的纯洁性，将科学与其后果分离的时代早已过去。如果有谁 还需要提醒，科学家的纯真早已丧失，他们只要回想一下 J·罗伯特·奥本海默 的话。奥本海默是一位天才，他是原子弹的缔造者之一。他在追求科学的过程中， 从一个极其自信、随时准备跟着科学好奇心走的人，逐渐变成了一个谦恭困惑的 人，他不知道科学放出了什么妖魔。 11 Before the bomb was made, Oppenheimer said, "When you see something that is technically sweet you go ahead and do it." After the bomb was dropped on
