《英语精读》（英文版） Book Three Unit One.doc_大学文库

(2) pull or drag sth with effort or force e.g. a crane had to be used to haul the car out of the stream Rescue workers hauled passengers out of the crashed train 3. improvement: the act or an instance of improving or bing improved e.g. Internet service providers should develop security improvement services for their customers The governments priorities will go to local transport improvement projects The improvement in the job market in the past few years has been remarkable 4. supplement: add to sth in order to improve it( followed by with) e.g. Peter does occasional freelance work to supplement his income The doctor suggested supplementing my diet with vitamins E and A 5. indoor: situated or used inside a build ing e.g. Indoor pollution has been found to be as much as five to ten times higher inside some skyscrapers than outside Tobacco smoke is considered as an indoor pollutant The Mall of America, the biggest mall in USA includes the worlds largest indoor amusement park 6. spray: force out liquid in small drops upon(followed by with) e.g. I will have to spray the roses with insecticide to get rid of the greenfly A car went past and sprayed me with water 7. pursue: follow e.g. After graduation Martin chose to pursue the same career as his father as a minister College students are ad vised to pursue a wide range of subjects Public evening classes allow people to earn a liv ing during the day and pursue al and intellectual interest in the 8. stack: make into a pile e.g. Once the last few people had left the hall, the caretakers began stacking the Before being processed into lumber, the wood must be carefully stacked to prevent warping 9. wicked: evil or bad e.g. I would rather starve in a d itch than accept the fortune upon such wicked terms We are all born good, but can be taught to be wicked 10. get through: come successfully to the end e.g. The local government has taken some measures to ensure that all the people will get through the winter She got through the entrance examination and was accepted by the college e.g. The train was now only a couple of yards from the kids on the track. At that very point, Anthony threw himself forward and pulled them clear The man suddenly held up a poster. At that point, all TV cameras were pointed at him 12. on balance with all things considered

(2) pull or drag sth. with effort or force e.g. A crane had to be used to haul the car out of the stream. Rescue workers hauled passengers out of the crashed train. 3. improvement: the act or an instance of improving or bing improved e.g. Internet service providers should develop security improvement services for their customers. The government’s priorities will go to local transport improvement projects. The improvement in the job market in the past few years has been remarkable. 4. supplement: add to sth. in order to improve it (followed by with) e.g. Peter does occasional freelance work to supplement his income. The doctor suggested supplementing my diet with vitamins E and A. 5. indoor: situated or used inside a building e.g. Indoor pollution has been found to be as much as five to ten times higher inside some skyscrapers than outside. Tobacco smoke is considered as an indoor pollutant. The Mall of America, the biggest mall in USA includes the world’s largest indoor amusement park. 6. spray: force out liquid in small drops upon (followed by with) e.g. I will have to spray the roses with insecticide to get rid of the greenfly. A car went past and sprayed me with water. 7. pursue: follow e.g. After graduation Martin chose to pursue the same career as his father as a minister. College students are advised to pursue a wide range of subjects. Public evening classes allow people to earn a living during the day and pursue vocational and intellectual interest in their spare time. 8. stack: make into a pile e.g. Once the last few people had left the hall, the caretakers began stacking the chairs. Before being processed into lumber, the wood must be carefully stacked to prevent warping. 9. wicked: evil or bad e.g. I would rather starve in a ditch than accept the fortune upon such wicked terms. We are all born good, but can be taught to be wicked. 10. get through: come successfully to the end e.g. The local government has taken some measures to ensure that all the people will get through the winter. She got through the entrance examination and was accepted by the college. 11. at that point: at that very moment, right then e.g. The train was now only a couple of yards from the kids on the track. At that very point, Anthony threw himself forward and pulled them clear. The man suddenly held up a poster. At that point, all TV cameras were pointed at him. 12. on balance: with all things considered

a. Tell the Ss that in these two periods, we are going to learn some useful words and STEP FOUR: New lesson (80) 17. minor: lesser or smaller in amount or importance, etc e.g. The Ford Company made only minor changes to the Model T for nearly two They only encountered minor problems in their first space flight 18. premium: a sum of money that you pay regularly to an insurance company for an insurance policy e.g. The employers make the employees pay for a large portion of their health Insurance premium Some people are comp lain ing that car insurance premiums have increased too much this year 19. aside from: except for; in add ition to(more usual in American English: same as apart from) e.g. Aside from an occasional game of tennis, he doesnt take an exercise This essay is good aside from a couple of spelling mistakes They were going to have other expense, aside from the school fees 20. cut back: reduce in size or amount(used in the patterns " cut back sth. cut back on e.g. There is a growing movement to cut back the governments role in agriculture and to reduce subsidies paid to farmers The government has cut back on defense spending 21. lower make or become smaller in amount degree etc e.g. Increasing your intake of fruits and vegetables can lower your risk of getting some types of( Governments may raise or lower taxes to achieve social and economic 22 dine out: eat a meal away from home(usu. in a restaurant) e.g. With the improvement of living standards, more people d ine out at weekends It's my daughters birthday today, so were dining out tonight 23. patronize: go to as a customer e.g. When he was a student, Sterling often patronized the little restaurant near the school They no longer patronize the local department store because of its poor service 24. suspect: believe to be true, likely or probable, feel doubt about(used in the patterns: suspect sb /sth. of sth suspect that) e.g. China banned cosmetics suspected of containing substances that cause mad cow disease It was perfectly all right, Henry said, because the police had not suspected him Scientists realized that Mars'evolution had been more complex and fascinating

a. Tell the Ss that in these two periods, we are going to learn some useful words and phrases. STEP FOUR: New Lesson ( 80’ ) Text A 17. minor: lesser or smaller in amount or importance, etc. e.g. The Ford Company made only minor changes to the Model T for nearly two decades. They only encountered minor problems in their first space flight. 18. premium: a sum of money that you pay regularly to an insurance company for an insurance policy e.g. The employers make the employees pay for a large portion of their health insurance premium. Some people are complaining that car insurance premiums have increased too much this year. 19. aside from: except for; in addition to (more usual in American English: same as apart from) e.g. Aside from an occasional game of tennis, he doesn’t take an exercise. This essay is good aside from a couple of spelling mistakes. They were going to have other expense, aside from the school fees. 20. cut back: reduce in size or amount (used in the patterns” cut back sth.; cut back on sth.) e.g. There is a growing movement to cut back the government’s role in agriculture and to reduce subsidies paid to farmers. The government has cut back on defense spending. 21. lower: make or become smaller in amount, degree, etc. e.g. Increasing your intake of fruits and vegetables can lower your risk of getting some types of cancer. Governments may raise or lower taxes to achieve social and economic objectives. 22. dine out: eat a meal away from home (usu. in a restaurant) e.g. With the improvement of living standards, more people dine out at weekends. It’s my daughter’s birthday today, so we’re dining out tonight. 23. patronize: go to as a customer e.g. When he was a student, Sterling often patronized the little restaurant near the school. They no longer patronize the local department store because of its poor service. 24. suspect: believe to be true, likely or probable; feel doubt about (used in the patterns: suspect sb./sth. of sth; suspect that) e.g. China banned cosmetics suspected of containing substances that cause mad cow disease. It was perfectly all right, Henry said, because the police had not suspected him of anything. Scientists realized that Mars’ evolution had been more complex and fascinating

than they had suspected 25. budget: any plan that a person, organization or government has that shows how hey will raise money and how they will spend the money they have e.g. The personal or family budget is a financial plan that helps individuals to balance income and expenses The General assembly has exclusive authority to set the un budget, paid for by all members according to an agreed quota 26. requirement: sth needed or asked for e.g. Patience is definitely a requirement for a career in teaching Many schools have tightened their requirements, and test scores for admission have been rising 27. scale: a relative level or degree(usu. used in the phrase on a.scale) e.g. After the Selma protest Martin Luther King continued to organize protests but not any on such a grand scale We tested our new teaching methods on a small scale. Indeed only six classes were involved in it 28. resist: keep from giving in to or enjoying(used in the patterns: resist sth; resist e.g. We couldnt resist laughing at him in those funny clothes Keep me away from the duty-free shop. You know I cant resist expensive Perfumes 29. temptation: the feeling of being tempted to do sth that you know might be wron or harmful; the thing you want to have(uncount or count) e.g. The kids cant resist the temptation of McDonalds In my view students should resist the temptation to take part-time jobs in their first two years at college 30 *device: a piece of equipment designed to serve a special purpose e.g. For consumers without access to PCs, intelligent set-top devices will be their guide to digital photography They suspected that an explosive device for finding people trapped in the coalmine 31. profit: an advantageous gain or return e.g. The tax is likely to hit his company's profits by up to 3 per cent in future He makes a big profit from selling waste material to textile comp 32. invest: commit(money or capital)in order to gain a financial return(used in the pattern: invest money; invest money in sth; invest in) e.g. We have invested most of the money in shares in British companies When people buy houses they re investing a lot of money e.g. We are primarily concerned with improving our working conditions Men can usually run faster than women, primarily because they have greater muscular strength STEP FIVE: (7)

than they had suspected. 25. budget: any plan that a person, organization or government has that shows how they will raise money and how they will spend the money they have e.g. The personal or family budget is a financial plan that helps individuals to balance income and expenses. The General Assembly has exclusive authority to set the UN budget, paid for by all members according to an agreed quota. 26. requirement: sth. needed or asked for e.g. Patience is definitely a requirement for a career in teaching. Many schools have tightened their requirements, and test scores for admission have been rising. 27. scale: a relative level or degree (usu. used in the phrase on a…scale) e.g. After the Selma protest Martin Luther King continued to organize protests but not any on such a grand scale. We tested our new teaching methods on a small scale. Indeed only six classes were involved in it. 28. resist: keep from giving in to or enjoying (used in the patterns: resist sth; resist doing sth.) e.g. We couldn’t resist laughing at him in those funny clothes. Keep me away from the duty-free shop. You know I can’t resist expensive perfumes. 29. temptation: the feeling of being tempted to do sth. that you know might be wrong or harmful; the thing you want to have (uncount or count) e.g. The kids can’t resist the temptation of McDonald’s. In my view students should resist the temptation to take part-time jobs in their first two years at college. 30. *device: a piece of equipment designed to serve a special purpose e.g. For consumers without access to PCs, intelligent set-top devices will be their guide to digital photography. They suspected that an explosive device for finding people trapped in the coalmine. 31. profit: an advantageous gain or return e.g. The tax is likely to hit his company’s profits by up to 3 per cent in future. He makes a big profit from selling waste material to textile companies. 32. invest: commit (money or capital) in order to gain a financial return (used in the pattern: invest money; invest money in sth; invest in) e.g. We have invested most of the money in shares in British companies. When people buy houses they’re investing a lot of money. My parents intend to invest in stocks and bonds. 33. primarily: mainly e.g. We are primarily concerned with improving our working conditions. Men can usually run faster than women, primarily because they have greater muscular strength. STEP FIVE: Consolidation ( 7’ )

不用所有格。 e.g. The leader insisted on Li Ming, Wang Hai and Zhang Fan attend ing the meeting Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking a little (4)在 there be”结构中,be为动名词时,该结构也是种带逻辑主语的动名词形式 e.g. We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts? 2. When it comes to insurance, we have a poor man's major-medical policy * when it comes to sth /doing sth.用于引导一个话题或涉及(做)某事时。 e.g. When it comes to tennis, you cant beat her. When it comes to politics I know nothing I'm as good a cook as she is except when it comes to making pastry 3. I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living *不定代词 all, every,each,both,many,much, every body, everyone, everything等与not一起构成部分否定。 not可放在上述各动词之前,也可放在谓语中 e.g. Not everyone can answer the question Not all the children like swimming Not many high school students can study abroad I don t much like that way of thinking Not every student can be hardworking.(Every student cannot be hard working Both his sisters are not in Shanghai Everybody didn t know how to keep fit All metals do not conduct electricity equally well 4. How much longer we will have enough energy to stay on here is anyones *关系代词和关系副词可引导主语从句。 e.g. What is the most important in life is not money still puzzle Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. When he will come has not been clear Whether he comes or not doesn 't concern me b. Difficult sentences in text a I. Our bees provides us with honey and we cut enough wood to just about make it through the heating seasons (The bees we raise give us honey, and we cut enough wood to get through the cold winter. 1. Soon Jim, 16 and Emily, 13, the youngest of our four children, will help me make some long-overdue improvements on the out-door toilet that supplements our indoor plumbing when we are working outside

不用所有格。 e.g. The leader insisted on Li Ming, Wang Hai and Zhang Fan attending the meeting. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking a little louder? (4) 在”there be”结构中，be 为动名词时，该结构也是一种带逻辑主语的动名词形式。 e.g. We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it. Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts? 2. When it comes to insurance, we have a poor man’s major-medical policy. *when it comes to sth./doing sth. 用于引导一个话题或涉及（做）某事时。 e.g. When it comes to tennis, you can’t beat her. When it comes to politics I know nothing. I’m as good a cook as she is except when it comes to making pastry. 3. I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. *不定代词 all, every, each, both, many, much, everybody, everyone, everything 等与 not 一起构成部分否定。 not 可放在上述各动词之前，也可放在谓语中。 e.g. Not everyone can answer the question. Not all the children like swimming. Not many high school students can study abroad. I don’t much like that way of thinking. Not every student can be hardworking. (Every student cannot be hardworking.) Both his sisters are not in Shanghai. Everybody didn’t know how to keep fit. All metals do not conduct electricity equally well. 4. How much longer we will have enough energy to stay on here is anyone’s guess…. *关系代词和关系副词可引导主语从句。 e.g. What is the most important in life is not money. How he escaped still puzzles us. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. When he will come has not been clear. Whether he comes or not doesn’t concern me. b. Difficult sentences in Text A 1. Our bees provides us with honey, and we cut enough wood to just about make it through the heating seasons. (The bees we raise give us honey, and we cut enough wood to get through the cold winter. ) 1. Soon Jim, 16 and Emily, 13, the youngest of our four children, will help me make some long-overdue improvements on the out-door toilet that supplements our indoor plumbing when we are working outside