Respiration Yu Yanqin,PhD Dept.of Physiology Zhejiang University,School of Medicine
Respiration Yu Yanqin, PhD Dept. of Physiology Dept. of Physiology Zhejiang Zhejiang University, School of Medicine University, School of Medicine
Respiration ■Definition: the bodily processes involved in exchange of oxygen (O2)and carbon dioxide (CO2) between an organism and the environment ■Consist of Inspiration:the inhalation of air into the lung Expiration:breathing out
Respiration Definition: Definition: – the bodily processes involved in exchange of the bodily processes involved in exchange of oxygen ( oxygen ( O 2) and carbon dioxide ( ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) between an organism and the environment between an organism and the environment Consist of Consist of – Inspiration: Inspiration: the inhalation of air into the lung the inhalation of air into the lung – Expiration: Expiration: breathing out breathing out
Respiratory system cavity Pharynx- Oral cavity Upper airway Epiglottis- Larynx Esophagus Trachea Left bronchus Right Lower airway lung Bronchiole Alveoli (cut) Diaphragm Heart/Pleural sac Tcuteage- (cut edges)
Respiratory system Upper airway Lower airway
Number Name of branches of tubes in branch Trachea 1 The relaxation/contraction Bronchi of circular smooth muscle lining these“airways determines how easily airflow can occur. Bronchioles 6 2 Terminal bronchioles 6x104 Respiratory bronchiol Most gas exchange 5x10 occurs in the alveolar sacs. Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs 8×10
The relaxation/contraction of circular smooth muscle lining these “airways’” determines how easily airflow can occur. Most gas exchange occurs in the alveolar sacs
The goals of respiration Ab0t20-30 generauons ■to provide oxygen to the tissues ■to remove carbon dioxide. Left heart Right heart
The goals of respiration to provide oxygen to the tissues to remove carbon dioxide
Four major functional events of respiration e> Atmosphere 1.Pulmonary ventilation VENTILATION (1) ■2.Gas exchange Alveol GAS EXCHANGE② Lung Pulmonary circulation Tissue GAS TRANSPORT③L Systemic circulation 3.Gas transport in blood GAS EXCHANGE 4.Cellular respiration CELLULAR RESPIRATION (5)
Four major functional events of respiration 1.Pulmonary ventilation Pulmonary ventilation 2.Gas exchange 2.Gas exchange – Lung – Tissue 3.Gas transport in blood 3.Gas transport in blood 4.Cellular respiration 4.Cellular respiration
Ventilation:Exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli by bulk flow Exchange of O,and CO,between alveolar air and blood in Process of lung capillaries by diffusion Transport of O2 and CO2 through pulmonary and systemic respiration: circulation by bulk flow Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in tissue capillaries and cells in tissues by diffusion Cellular utilization of O2 and production of CO2 Begin Atmosphere 7个 Ventilation Alveoli 02 CO,2Gas exchange Blood flow Blood flow Pulmonary circulation heart Gas transport Systemic circulation 个 02y CO2④Gas exchange Cellular respiration
Process of Fig. 13.06 Fig. 13.06 respiration:
Respiratory process Begin Atmosphere 02C02 VENTILATION (1) 1.External Alveoli co, GAS EXCHANGE② respiration C02 Pulmonary circulation 2.Gas GAS TRANSPORT (3) transport Systemic circulation GAS EXCHANGE(④ 3.Internal Cells respiration
Respiratory process 1. External respiration 3. Internal respiration 2. Gas transport
Pulmonary ventilation ■Definition:The process of moving air nasal cavity- pharynx larynx into and out of the trachea epiglottis bronchus lungs right lung-
Pulmonary ventilation Pulmonary ventilation Definition: The process of moving air into and out of the lungs
Structures of pulmonary ventilation 1.Respiratory muscle Primary muscles of respiration:external intercostals diaphragm air enters air leaves ribcage moves ibcage moves up and out down and in lungs expand diaphragm moves down diaphragm moves up Inhalation Exhalation
Structures of pulmonary ventilation Structures of pulmonary ventilation 1. Respiratory muscle Respiratory muscle Primary muscles of respiration: external intercostals & diaphragm