Unit 3 Unit Three section a Where principles come first Il. Review: Have a small quiz. Have a dictation of the words in Unit 2 consume moderate liable allowance typical fatigue ad visable mod ify interfere succession imply obstacle density boost stem speculate maintenance academic I. Start the new lesson: 1 Introduction The Hyde School sees itself as preparing children for life by cultivating a uriosity and concern. Academic success will then naturally follow. To achieve their goal the school demands the commitment of the students' parents who must accep the schools philosophies and outlook. The school then hopes the parents will act as daily role models for their children. Under the great success, the Hyde school has come to spread its approach to education to the inner-city schools 2. Discourse analysi Part I (paras. 1-2 ): The introduction of the Hyde School. Part Il (paras.3-11): The approach to education of the hyde school principles is spread to inner-city schools. Part Ill(paras. 12-14): The detailed principles and approaches to education of the hyde school Part IV(15-20): The opinion of the people on the inner-city schools practicing the Hyde curriculum 3. Language points: I publicity: n notice or attention from the public or news media to seek/ avoid publicity When the news media and the public show a lot of interest in something, you can say that it is receiving publicity 2. cultivate: vt. 1)develop, improve Cultivating a positive attitude towards yourself can reap tremendous benefits. He has written eight books and has cultivated the image of a popular writer 2)prepare land and grow crops on it
Unit 3 Unit Three Section A Where Principles Come First I. Greetings II. Review: Have a small quiz. Have a dictation of the words in Unit 2 consume moderate liable allowance typical fatigue advisable modify interfere succession imply obstacle density boost stem speculate maintenance academic III. Start the new lesson: 1. Introduction: The Hyde School sees itself as preparing children for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles which include the values of truth, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern. Academic success will then naturally follow. To achieve their goal the school demands the commitment of the students’ parents who must accept the school’s philosophies and outlook. The school then hopes the parents will act as daily role models for their children. Under the great success, the Hyde School has come to spread its approach to education to the inner-city schools. 2. Discourse analysis: Part I (paras.1-2): The introduction of the Hyde School. Part II (paras.3-11): The approach to education of the Hyde School principles is spread to inner-city schools. Part III (paras.12- 14): The detailed principles and approaches to education of the Hyde School. Part IV ( 15-20): The opinion of the people on the inner-city school’s practicing the Hyde curriculum. 3. Language points: 1. publicity: n. notice or attention from the public or news media to seek/ avoid publicity When the news media and the public show a lot of interest in something, you can say that it is receiving publicity. 2. cultivate: vt. 1) develop; improve Cultivating a positive attitude towards yourself can reap tremendous benefits. He has written eight books and has cultivated the image of a popular writer. 2) prepare land and grow crops on it
She also cultivated a small garden of her own Olives have been cultivated for centuries in some countries in the middle east 3. comprehensive: a including everything or nearly everything that is connected with a particular subject a comprehensive test/a guide book giving comprehensive information on the area Compare ehensible: easy to understand The book is written in clear, comprehensible language 4. spread to:( cause to)reach sb or sth else, as by touching or other means of passing Fire men succeeded in preventing the fire from spread ing to other office build ings We have been asked to spread the news to all our friends If you allow the child to attend school he could spread the bad cold to all the other children 5. controversial: a. causing public discussion and disagreement a controversial TV program / a controversial new law Government aid to education is a controversial subject 6. suspend: vt D)stop or delay sth for a time Some rail services were suspended during the strike The young man was given a suspended sentence The union suspended strike action this week 2) hang sth A lamp was suspended from the ceiling 3)send sb away from his/ her school, job, position, etc. for a period of time, usu.as a punishment for doing sth. bad He was suspended from school She was suspended from her job shortly after the accident 7. protest: v express one s disagreement, feeling of unfairness, annoyance, etc. Please notice that in American English protest" is used without a preposition They protested the governments handling of the situation Most people protest the company s decision to lay off so many workers 8. strain: n. a state of worry and tension He is under a lot of strain at work
She also cultivated a small garden of her own. Olives have been cultivated for centuries in some countries in the Middle East. 3. comprehensive: a. including everything or nearly everything that is connected with a particular subject a comprehensive test / a guide book giving comprehensive information on the area. Compare: Comprehensible: easy to understand The book is written in clear, comprehensible language. 4. spread to: ( cause to ) reach sb. or sth. else, as by touching or other means of passing Fire men succeeded in preventing the fire from spreading to other office buildings. We have been asked to spread the news to all our friends. If you allow the child to attend school he could spread the bad cold to all the other children. 5. controversial: a. causing public discussion and disagreement a controversial TV program / a controversial new law Government aid to education is a controversial subject. 6. suspend: vt 1) stop or delay sth. for a time Some rail services were suspended during the strike. The young man was given a suspended sentence. The union suspended strike action this week. 2) hang sth. up A lamp was suspended from the ceiling. 3) send sb. away from his/ her school, job, position, etc. for a period of time, usu. as a punishment for doing sth. bad He was suspended from school. She was suspended from her job shortly after the accident. 7. protest: v. express one’s disagreement, feeling of unfairness, annoyance, etc. Please notice that in American English “protest” is used without a preposition. They protested the government’s handling of the situation. Most people protest the company’s decision to lay off so many workers. 8. strain: n. a state of worry and tension He is under a lot of strain at work
Mums illness has put a strain on the whole family The condition of being pl ulled or stretched too tightly The rope finally broke under the strain v. 1)make a great effort to do sth I had to strain my ears to catch what were saying Several thousand supporters strained to catch a glimpse of the new president 2) put a lot of pressure on sth Money problems have strained their relationship 9. be scheduled to do: be arranged to de The train was scheduled to arrive at 10: 30 The plane is scheduled to take off at 10. preliminary: a coming before or preparing for sth else that is more important pr After a few preliminary remarks the discussions began Preliminary talks on the future of the airport began yesterd 11. magnet: n a piece of iron that can attract iron and steel; (fig)sth. or sb. that attracts much attention ondon attracted me like a magnet when i was a youth 12. over one' s protest: in spite of ones protest a nuclear plant was built in the are over the farmers' protests 13. minority: n. 1)a group of people who are of a different race or religion to most people in the community or country where they live Schools in Britain needed to do more to help children of ethnic minorities They have called for greater numbers of women and minorities on the faculty 2)the smaller number or part of a group; less than half Most women continue to work when they are married. Only a minority stays at home These troubled students are only a small minority 14. quest: n. a long search for sth that is difficult to find The quest for eternal youth/my quest for a better life/his quest to find true love Tom spent his life on a spiritual quest 15. energetic: a. of or needing energy Long-distance running is a very energetic form of exercise
Mum’s illness has put a strain on the whole family. The condition of being pulled or stretched too tightly The rope finally broke under the strain. v. 1) make a great effort to do sth. I had to strain my ears to catch what they were saying. Several thousand supporters strained to catch a glimpse of the new president. 2) put a lot of pressure on sth. Money problems have strained their relationship. 9. be scheduled to do: be arranged to do The train was scheduled to arrive at 10: 30. The plane is scheduled to take off at 5pm. 10. preliminary: a. coming before or preparing for sth. else that is more important a preliminary meeting After a few preliminary remarks the discussions began. Preliminary talks on the future of the airport began yesterday. 11. magnet: n. a piece of iron that can attract iron and steel; (fig) sth. or sb. that attracts much attention London attracted me like a magnet when I was a youth. 12. over one’s protest: in spite of one’s protest A nuclear plant was built in the are over the farmers’ protests. 13. minority: n. 1) a group of people who are of a different race or religion to most people in the community or country where they live Schools in Britain needed to do more to help children of ethnic minorities. They have called for greater numbers of women and minorities on the faculty. 2) the smaller number or part of a group; less than half Most women continue to work when they are married. Only a minority stays at home. These troubled students are only a small minority. 14. quest : n. a long search for sth. that is difficult to find The quest for eternal youth / my quest for a better life / his quest to find true love Tom spent his life on a spiritual quest. 15. energetic: a. of or needing energy Long-distance running is a very energetic form of exercise. He is an energetic person
The new government will play an energetic role in solving the problem of loyment 16. put forth: use or bring sth such as strength into action a gre 17. conventional: a. following what is trad itional or considered to be normal conventional attitudes The house was built with conventional materials but in a totally new style 18. reform: v. 1)change sth in order to make it better Reform the examination system You have to reform the management of the company 2)( cause to) behave better or fit into society better He' s done wrong in the past but he has made serious efforts to reform Our prisons aim to reform, not simply to punish them n changes in sth In order to make it better a major reform to the system /political reform in Eastern Europe /a reform policy 19. controversy: n. public discussion and disagreement about sth a political controversy over human rights abuses The plans for changing the city centre caused a great deal of controversy The proposed cuts have caused considerable controversy. 20. morals: n standards or principles of good behaviour western ideas and morals They have no morals morale: n the way that a group of people feel at a particular time The team s moral was high before the match Low pay in recent years has led to low morale 21. curriculum: ( pl curriculums or curricula) all the subjects that are taught in a school, college or university; the contents of a particular course of study Latin is not on the curriculum at our school The curriculum for foreign languages emphasizes communication skills 22 preparation: n 1)sth that one does to get ready for sth The wedding preparations are almost complete Final preparations are under way for the celebration of the victory 2)act of getting sb or sth ready examination preparation
The new government will play an energetic role in solving the problem of unemployment. 16. put forth: use or bring sth. such as strength into action Putting forth a great effort, he uprooted the tree. 17. conventional: a. following what is traditional or considered to be normal’ sometimes too closely conventional attitudes The house was built with conventional materials but in a totally new style. 18. reform: v. 1) change sth. in order to make it better Reform the examination system You have to reform the management of the company 2) ( cause to) behave better or fit into society better He’s done wrong in the past but he has made serious efforts to reform. Our prisons aim to reform, not simply to punish them. n. changes in sth. In order to make it better a major reform to the system /political reform in Eastern Europe /a reform policy 19. controversy: n. public discussion and disagreement about sth. a political controversy over human rights abuses The plans for changing the city centre caused a great deal of controversy. The proposed cuts have caused considerable controversy. 20. morals: n. standards or principles of good behaviour western ideas and morals They have no morals. Compare: morale: n. the way that a group of people feel at a particular time The team’s moral was high before the match. Low pay in recent years has led to low morale. 21. curriculum: (pl. curriculums or curricula) all the subjects that are taught in a school, college or university; the contents of a particular course of study Latin is not on the curriculum at our school. The curriculum for foreign languages emphasizes communication skills. 22. preparation: n.1) sth that one does to get ready for sth. The wedding preparations are almost complete. Final preparations are under way for the celebration of the victory. 2) act of getting sb. or sth. ready examination preparation
Behind any successful event lay months of preparation 23. complete with: including: having as an add itional part There is a good hotel not far from the city, complete with swimming pool and garden lead ing d irectly to the beach Our firemen came, of course, complete with rescue equipment, first aid kit, etc 24. mixture: nsth. that consists of two or more things that are different from one another Put the mixture into a pan and cook for half an hour I stood and stared with a mixture of amazement and horror 25. admission: n. 1)permission to enter a school, club, a public place, etc All those who were not wearing a tie were refused admission to the club Admissions to British universities have increased by 15% this year 2)The amount of money that one pays to enter a place The museum charges $5 admission 3)A statement that sth usually unpleasant, is true I viewed her silence as an admission of guilt admittance: n being allowed to enter a place( esp a private one); the right to enter The journalist tried to gain admittance to the minister's office No admittance 26. workshop: n 1 )a group of people who meet and discuss or learn more about a particular subject They ran a jazz workshop for young artists 2)a place where things are made or repaired a well-equipped workshop 27 seminar: n. 1)a class at a university, college, etc in which a small group of students discuss or study a subject with a teacher Students are asked to prepare material in ad vance of each monthly seminar 2)a short business conference in which working methods, etc are taught or discussed a seminar on becoming self-employed 28. attendance n. 1)the number of people who go to or are present at a place There was a large attendance at the meeting Attend ance has decreased in recent months 2) being present somewhere Attendance at lecture is necessary The teacher is not pleased with Tony's failed attendance 29. session: n. 1)a period of time or meeting arranged for a particular activity There ll be a question-and-answer session at the end of this morning s lecture The two leaders emerged for the photo session 2)a meeting or series of meetings of an official body such as a parliament or a law an emergency session of parliament The court was in session 30. utmost: a. greatest A message of utmost importance
Behind any successful event lay months of preparation. 23. complete with: including; having as an additional part There is a good hotel not far from the city, complete with swimming pool and garden leading directly to the beach. Our firemen came, of course, complete with rescue equipment, first aid kit, etc. 24. mixture: n.sth. that consists of two or more things that are different from one another Put the mixture into a pan and cook for half an hour. I stood and stared with a mixture of amazement and horror. 25. admission: n. 1) permission to enter a school, club, a public place, etc. All those who were not wearing a tie were refused admission to the club. Admissions to British universities have increased by 15% this year. 2) The amount of money that one pays to enter a place The museum charges $5 admission. 3) A statement that sth. usually unpleasant, is true I viewed her silence as an admission of guilt. Compare: admittance: n .being allowed to enter a place ( esp. a private one); the right to enter The journalist tried to gain admittance to the minister’s office. /No admittance. 26. workshop: n.1) a group of people who meet and discuss or learn more about a particular subject They ran a jazz workshop for young artists. 2) a place where things are made or repaired a well-equipped workshop 27. seminar: n. 1) a class at a university, college, etc. in which a small group of students discuss or study a subject with a teacher. Students are asked to prepare material in advance of each monthly seminar. 2) a short business conference in which working methods, etc. are taught or discussed a seminar on becoming self-employed 28. attendance: n. 1) the number of people who go to or are present at a place There was a large attendance at the meeting. Attendance has decreased in recent months. 2) being present somewhere Attendance at lecture is necessary. The teacher is not pleased with Tony’s failed attendance. 29. session: n. 1) a period of time or meeting arranged for a particular activity There’ll be a question-and-answer session at the end of this morning’s lecture. The two leaders emerged for the photo session. 2) a meeting or series of meetings of an official body such as a parliament or a law court an emergency session of parliament The court was in session. 30. utmost: a .greatest A message of utmost importance
Utmost care must be taken when you do this kind of experiment do/ try one’ s utmost:do/ try one’ s best did my utmost to help He will try his utmost to help them by means of his conventional med ical knowledge 31. work out: 1)invent, develop, or produce( sth such as an idea) by thinking We must work out a better method of saving pape We ll leave it to the committee to work out the details of the plan 2)decide or find an answer to( sth. such as a difficulty I' ll give you ten minutes to work out the problem We do have trouble in our relationship, but I feel that we can work it out between us without professional help 32 outset: n. beginning There have been d ifficulties with this firm right from the outset You should decide at the outset what kind of learning program you want to follow From the outset he had put his trust in me, the son of his old friend 33. optimistic: a hoping or believing that what happens in the future will be good or successful I ve applied for the job but I m not very optimistic about my chances of getting it The president says he is optimistic that an agreement can be worked out soon He is in an optimistic mood 34. faculty: n. 1)(usually with the article "the")teaching staff of a school, or a university or a college department( used with either a singular or a plural verb) The faculty has/have been invited to the meeting 2)one department in a university, college, etc the faculty of law the faculty of Social and Political Sciences 3)one of the natural abilities of a person's body or mind the faculty of hearing the faculty of sigh 35 insult: vt. speak or act rudely to sb I felt very insulted when I didn' t even get an answer to my letter n a rude remark or action The drivers were standing in the road yelling insults at each other Some television advertisements are an insult to people s intelligence 36 curse: v. 1)swear at sb. or sth. use rude language to express one's anger He dropped the box, cursed, and began to pick up the contents They cursed the traffic, realizing they would be late 2)use a word or words to express an evil wish She cursed his family n. 1)a word used for expressing anger; a swear word He uttered a curse 2)a word or words expressing the wish that sth. terrible will happen to sb The witch put a curse on him The family seemed to be under a curse 37. kind of:(infml) rather; a little bit I' m kind of worried about the interview
Utmost care must be taken when you do this kind of experiment. do/ try one’s utmost: do/ try one’s best I did my utmost to help. He will try his utmost to help them by means of his conventional medical knowledge. 31. work out: 1) invent, develop, or produce ( sth. such as an idea) by thinking We must work out a better method of saving paper. We’ll leave it to the committee to work out the details of the plan. 2) decide or find an answer to ( sth. such as a difficulty) I’ll give you ten minutes to work out the problem. We do have trouble in our relationship, but I feel that we can work it out between us without professional help. 32. outset: n. beginning There have been difficulties with this firm right from the outset. You should decide at the outset what kind of learning program you want to follow. From the outset he had put his trust in me, the son of his old friend. 33. optimistic: a hoping or believing that what happens in the future will be good or successful I’ve applied for the job but I’m not very optimistic about my chances of getting it. The president says he is optimistic that an agreement can be worked out soon. He is in an optimistic mood.. 34. faculty: n. 1) ( usually with the article “ the”) teaching staff of a school, or a university or a college department ( used with either a singular or a plural verb) The faculty has/have been invited to the meeting. 2) one department in a university, college, etc. the Faculty of Law / the faculty of Social and Political Sciences 3) one of the natural abilities of a person’s body or mind the faculty of hearing / the faculty of sight 35. insult: vt. speak or act rudely to sb. I felt very insulted when I didn’t even get an answer to my letter. n. a rude remark or action The drivers were standing in the road yelling insults at each other. Some television advertisements are an insult to people’s intelligence. 36. curse: v. 1) swear at sb. or sth.; use rude language to express one’s anger He dropped the box, cursed, and began to pick up the contents. They cursed the traffic, realizing they would be late. 2) use a word or words to express an evil wish She cursed his family. n. 1) a word used for expressing anger; a swear word He uttered a curse. 2) a word or words expressing the wish that sth. terrible will happen to sb. The witch put a curse on him. The family seemed to be under a curse. 37. kind of: (infml) rather; a little bit I’m kind of worried about the interview
I' m kind of tired from read ir Compare of a kind 1)very much the same The friends were two of a kind---very similar in so many way 2)of poor quality The village has a bus service of a kind ----- two buses a week C a kind of: (infml)used for describing sth in a way that is not very clear I had a kind of feeling that something would go wrong There s a funny kind of smell in here IV Summary: We learn a lot of new words and phrases as well as grammars. We also learn many things about question and answer technique V. Homework: Preview Section B Section B Cultural Differences in Western and Japanese Decision-Making I Greetings I. Review Answer the questions: 1. what is the hyde school famous for? 2. What principle does the Hyde School operate on? I Start the new lesson 1 Introduction: All roads lead to Rome. This expression means that there are many different ways to achieve the same goal. This passage compares Western and Japanese approaches to decision- making in business. After read ing it, we will learn about how different countries and organizations approach the same problem in the different ways 2. Discourse analysis: Part I(Paras. 1-4): The different problem-solving ways in Japan which result from different, complex background are neither better nor worse than those in America Part II(Paras.5-6): When solving problem, Japanese prefer you to you to I to Part III(Paras. 7-8): Japanese are liable to "consensus opinion" and "bottom up direction" when making decision Part IV(Paras.9-12): Japanese think highly of harmony in communication, and once succeed theyll put it into use right now Part V(Paras. 13-17): Commitment and sense of responsibility of Japanese are still important in the machine times 3. Language points 1. complex: a. made up of several connected parts and often d ifficult to understand complicated a complex system of management You can't expect to find a simple solution when the problem is so complex n. 1)a group or set of things, esp. build ings, designed for a particular purpose a shopping complex /a sports complex 2)a mental problem that causes sb. to worry or be upset about sth an inferiority complex
I’m kind of tired from reading. Compare: of a kind: 1) very much the same The friends were two of a kind--- very similar in so many ways. 2) of poor quality The village has a bus service of a kind----- two buses a week! Compare: a kind of: (infml) used for describing sth. in a way that is not very clear I had a kind of feeling that something would go wrong. There’s a funny kind of smell in here. IV. Summary: We learn a lot of new words and phrases as well as grammars. We also learn many things about question and answer technique. V. Homework: Preview Section B Section B Cultural Differences in Western and Japanese Decision- Making I. Greetings II. Review: Answer the questions: 1. What is the Hyde School famous for? 2. What principle does the Hyde School operate on? III. Start the new lesson 1. Introduction: All roads lead to Rome. This expression means that there are many different ways to achieve the same goal. This passage compares Western and Japanese approaches to decision- making in business. After reading it, we will learn about how different countries and organizations approach the same problem in the different ways. 2. Discourse analysis: Part I (Paras.1-4): The different problem-solving ways in Japan which result from different, complex background are neither better nor worse than those in America. Part II (Paras.5-6): When solving problem, Japanese prefer “you to you” to “I to you”. Part III (Paras.7-8): Japanese are liable to “consensus opinion” and “bottom – up direction” when making decision. Part IV (Paras.9-12): Japanese think highly of harmony in communication, and once succeed they’ll put it into use right now. Part V (Paras.13-17): Commitment and sense of responsibility of Japanese are still important in the machine times. 3. Language points 1. complex: a. made up of several connected parts and often difficult to understand; complicated a complex system of management You can’t expect to find a simple solution when the problem is so complex. n. 1) a group or set of things, esp. buildings, designed for a particular purpose a shopping complex / a sports complex 2) a mental problem that causes sb. to worry or be upset about sth. an inferiority complex
s got a complex about his height 2. come to grips with( also get to grips with): start dealing with a problem in an effective way The new president first task is to come to grips with the economy The government is still trying to get to grips with inflation 3. extreme: a. 1)the greatest or strongest possible You must take extreme care when driving at night She crossed the street with extreme caution 2)as far away as possible; at the or at the very end Kerry is in the room at the extreme of the corridor 4. stability: n. the state or quality of being stable After so much change we now need a period of stability Our production grows in stability 5. mobility: n. the state of moving or being moved Two cars gave them the freedom and mobility to go their separate ways 6. differ: v. 1)be different Management styles differ How does this car differ from the more expensive model? The story he told the police differed from the one he told his mother 2) have a different opinion m afraid I differ with you on that question The two leaders differed on this issue 7. superior: a. 1).better than usual or than sb or sth else He is clearly superior to all the other doctors She is greatly superior to her husband in education and sensitivity 2)higher in rank a superior offIc n..a person of higher rank or position The company president, and my immediate superior, is Harry Stokes 8. inferior: a low or lower in social position, importance, quality, etc inferior products He preferred the company of those who were intellectually inferior to him I felt very inferior when they started using long words that I didn't understand Cheaper goods are generally of inferior quality n..a person who has a lower social position It was a gentlemans duty to be always polite, even to his inferiors 9. develop from grow from: arise out of This tall tree develops from a small seed Who knows what results will develop from your first success? 0. negotiation: n talks or discussions in which people try to decide or agree on sth enter into a negotiation /break off a negotiation The salary is a matter for negotiation The negotiations were extremely difficult 11. distinguish from show the difference between; set apart from
He’s got a complex about his height. 2. come to grips with ( also get to grips with): start dealing with a problem in an effective way The new president’s first task is to come to grips with the economy. The government is still trying to get to grips with inflation. 3. extreme: a. 1) the greatest or strongest possible You must take extreme care when driving at night. She crossed the street with extreme caution. 2) as far away as possible; at the very beginning or at the very end Kerry is in the room at the extreme of the corridor. 4. stability: n. the state or quality of being stable After so much change we now need a period of stability. Our production grows in stability. 5. mobility: n. the state of moving or being moved Two cars gave them the freedom and mobility to go their separate ways. 6. differ: v. 1) be different Management styles differ. How does this car differ from the more expensive model? The story he told the police differed from the one he told his mother. 2) have a different opinion I’m afraid I differ with you on that question. The two leaders differed on this issue. 7. superior: a. 1) .better than usual or than sb. or sth. else He is clearly superior to all the other doctors. She is greatly superior to her husband in education and sensitivity. 2) higher in rank a superior officer n. .a person of higher rank or position The company president, and my immediate superior, is Harry Stokes. 8. inferior: a. low or lower in social position, importance, quality, etc. inferior products He preferred the company of those who were intellectually inferior to him. I felt very inferior when they started using long words that I didn’t understand. Cheaper goods are generally of inferior quality. n. .a person who has a lower social position It was a gentleman’s duty to be always polite, even to his inferiors. 9. develop from: grow from: arise out of This tall tree develops from a small seed. Who knows what results will develop from your first success? 10. negotiation: n .talks or discussions in which people try to decide or agree on sth. enter into a negotiation / break off a negotiation The salary is a matter for negotiation. The negotiations were extremely difficult. 11. distinguish from: show the difference between; set apart from
Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses There is something about music that distinguishes it from all other art forms 12. from one' s point of view: from one s position in life; in one's opinion From my point of view it would be better to wait a little longer From your point of view it would be better if you could come tomorrow, but you may not want te From an advertiser's point of view, television is a wonderful medium in one' s opinion: as one thinks In my opinion, people watch too much television 13. thereby: ad. In that way We started our journey early, thereby avoid ing most of the traffic Our bodies can sweat, thereby losing heat A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and thereby increase its market power 14. set up: cause or produce; establish The event set up a chain reaction in the stock market A special committee has been set up to examine the details of the suggestion 15. harmony: n. a state of complete agreement( in feelings, ideas, etc. There is said to be a lack of harmony within the government We now come to realize that the idea that man should dominate nature rather than live in harmony with it is wrong 16. consensus: n agreement among a group of people We have reached a consensus after a long discussion us among the world s scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades But there is no consensus among the scientists about the causes of the global warming 17. consideration: n. 1)the act of thinking about sth. carefully or for a long time have given some consideration to the idea but I don't think it would work After careful consideration, we regret that we cannot offer you the position Several proposals are under consideration by the committee 2)the quality of thinking about other people' s wishes and feelings You should turn your music down out of consideration for your neighbours They showed consideration for other travelers 18. be true of: be valid relevant, or applicable to The same is true of all other ca I accept that the romance may have gone out of the marriage, but surely this is true of Compare be true to be loyal to David was true to his wife./ She has been true to her word 19. drive: n. a great effort by a group of people in order to achieve sth a sale drive
Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses. There is something about music that distinguishes it from all other art forms. 12. from one’s point of view: from one’s position in life; in one’s opinion From my point of view it would be better to wait a little longer. From your point of view it would be better if you could come tomorrow, but you may not want to. From an advertiser’s point of view, television is a wonderful medium. Compare: in one’s opinion: as one thinks In my opinion, people watch too much television. 13. thereby: ad. In that way We started our journey early, thereby avoiding most of the traffic. Our bodies can sweat, thereby losing heat. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and thereby increase its market power. 14. set up: cause or produce; establish The event set up a chain reaction in the stock markets. A special committee has been set up to examine the details of the suggestion. 15. harmony: n. a state of complete agreement ( in feelings, ideas, etc.) There is said to be a lack of harmony within the government. We now come to realize that the idea that man should dominate nature rather than live in harmony with it is wrong. 16. consensus: n .agreement among a group of people We have reached a consensus after a long discussion. The consensus among the world’s scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades. But there is no consensus among the scientists about the causes of the global warming. 17. consideration: n. 1) the act of thinking about sth. carefully or for a long time I have given some consideration to the idea but I don’t think it would work. After careful consideration, we regret that we cannot offer you the position. Several proposals are under consideration by the committee. 2) the quality of thinking about other people’s wishes and feelings You should turn your music down out of consideration for your neighbours. They showed consideration for other travelers. 18. be true of: be valid, relevant, or applicable to The same is true of all other cases. I accept that the romance may have gone out of the marriage, but surely this is true of many couples. Compare: be true to: be loyal to David was true to his wife. / She has been true to her word. 19. drive: n. a great effort by a group of people in order to achieve sth. a sale drive
They have played an important role in the drive towards peace 20. unity: n. the situation in which people are united or in agreement tional unit The choice was meant to create an impression of company They met to discuss the future of European economic unity 21. consult: v ask sb. or look sth. up in a book, etc to get information or ad vi You should consult a doctor if the symptom get worse He consulted the map to find the shortest route You d better consult your teacher about the paper 22. fall through: fail to be completed The plan fell through when it proved too costly Our trip to Japan has fallen through 23 delicately: adv skillfully; carefully She stepped delicately over the broken glass I phrased my comment delicately so as not to upset her 24. owing to because of The match was cancelled owing to the bad weather Compare due to: because of; caused by His absence was due to the storm. He arrived late due to/ owing to the storm 25. as well as in ad dition to He s worked in Japan as well as Italy 26. successive a. following one after the other two visits on successive days Jackson was the winner for a second successive year 27. press for: urge; demand; keep requesting The rent collector is pressing for payment again We must press for a reduction in the number of students in a class Many parents have been pressing for the local school to be reopened 28. wonder at: be surprised by I wonder at your allowing him to do such a thing I don' t wonder at your shock I don' t wonder at her falling asleep in the middle of the play; it was very uninteresting performance 29. move forward: go ahead At last the line of people waiting to go into the cinema began to move forward They are moving forward into a better life 30. lag behind: be slower than; fail to remain level with In steel production, they lag behind the rest of Europe He deliberately lagged behind so he could have a cigarette We must not lag behind other nations in our efforts to help those people made homeless at the great flood Production is lagging behind last year' s total 31. take( the)time: use a certain amount of ones time to do sth; make an effort
They have played an important role in the drive towards peace. 20. unity: n. the situation in which people are united or in agreement a national unity The choice was meant to create an impression of company unity. They met to discuss the future of European economic unity. 21. consult: v ask sb. or look sth. up in a book, etc. to get information or advice. You should consult a doctor if the symptom get worse. He consulted the map to find the shortest route. You’d better consult your teacher about the paper. 22. fall through: fail to be completed The plan fell through when it proved too costly. Our trip to Japan has fallen through. 23. delicately: adv. skillfully; carefully She stepped delicately over the broken glass. I phrased my comment delicately so as not to upset her. 24. owing to: because of The match was cancelled owing to the bad weather. Compare: due to: because of ; caused by His absence was due to the storm. / He arrived late due to / owing to the storm. 25. as well as : in addition to He’s worked in Japan as well as Italy. 26. successive: a .following one after the other two visits on successive days Jackson was the winner for a second successive year. 27.press for: urge; demand; keep requesting The rent collector is pressing for payment again. We must press for a reduction in the number of students in a class. Many parents have been pressing for the local school to be reopened. 28. wonder at: be surprised by I wonder at your allowing him to do such a thing. I don’t wonder at your shock. I don’t wonder at her falling asleep in the middle of the play; it was very uninteresting performance. 29. move forward: go ahead At last the line of people waiting to go into the cinema began to move forward. They are moving forward into a better life. 30. lag behind: be slower than; fail to remain level with In steel production, they lag behind the rest of Europe. He deliberately lagged behind so he could have a cigarette. We must not lag behind other nations in our efforts to help those people made homeless at the great floods. Production is lagging behind last year’s total. 31. take ( the) time: use a certain amount of one’s time to do sth; make an effort
