箧语中的独立主格结构归纲 非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻瓣主语应该是句子的主语。但有的 非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系, 我们称之为抛立主格结构(4 bsolute construction)。其实,所谓“独 立主格结构”也并推真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构。 一、非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻 上的主谓关系。 1, Such an able man to help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later:.有这么于的人来帮你你迟早一定会成功的。( such an able man和 to help you之间存在着主谓关系) Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later 2, He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a son.他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。( eating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he,注意是“主榕”) When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 3、 The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school..由于丢了自行 车钥匙,他只好步行去学校。(lost的逻舞主语是 the key,lost也
英语中的独立主格结构归纳 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时 非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系， 我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独 立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。 一、 非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻 辑上的主谓关系。 1、 Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人 来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。（such an able man 和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系） = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. 2、He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk 拥有了自己的逻辑主语 he，注意是“主格”） = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 3、The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行 车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是 the key，lost 也
可用完成式 having been lost) Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school A.不定式“独立主格结构” 在“逻辉主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或 代词存在着逻上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列 外句来表达。 1.动词不定式用主动的形式 在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻 瓣上的主谓关系。 His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner 他母亲今晚要来他正在着准备饭菜。 (As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. will you go to the concert tonight你今晚去听音乐会吗? sorry. So many exerise-books to check, I rially can't afford any time 对不起,有这多的作业要批,我真的抽不出时间。 (=Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight, I really can't afford any time. The four of us agreed on a division oflabour, each to translate a quarter of the book
可以用完成式 having been lost） = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school. A． 不定式“独立主格结构” 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或 代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列 分句来表达。 1．动词不定式用主动的形式 在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻 辑上的主谓关系。 His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。 （= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.） ——will you go to the comcert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？ ——sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I rially can't afford any time. 对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。 （＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight, I really can't afford any time.） The four of us agreed on a division of labour, each to translate a quarter of the book
我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。 (=The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book. Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautifu.种上许多的树,花和草后,我们新建 的学校将看上去更美。(= ifmany tree, flowers, and grass are planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) B.-ing形式“抛立主格结构” 动词的ing形式作状语时,其逻辉主语一般应与句子的主语保持 一致。 Being ill, he went home. 由于生病,他回家了。(= As he was very il, he went home) Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.在课桌旁 坐好后,他开始看杂志。(= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine. 1.表示时间的ig形式作独立主格结构” Everyone being read, the teacher began his class.每个人都准备好 后,老师开始上课。(相当于一个时间状语从句 When everyone was ready The chairman began the meeting, everyone being seated.每个人坐 好后,主席开始开会。(相当于一个时间状语从句 after everyone was
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。 （＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.） Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建 的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) B．-ing 形式“独立主格结构” 动词的-ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持 一致。 Being ill, he went home. 由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.） Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine. 在课桌旁 坐好后，他开始看杂志。（= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.） 1． 表示时间的-ing 形式作“独立主格结构” Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. 每个人都准备好 后，老师开始上课。（相当于一个时间状语从句 When everyone was ready) The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated. 每个人坐 好后，主席开始开会。（相当于一个时间状语从句 after everyone was
seated) 2.表示原因的ig形式作抛立主格结构 The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路,我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。(相当于 一个原因状语从句 Because the boy led the way) Many eyes watching him,, he felt a bit nervous.許多晴看着他,他 感到有点儿紧张。(相当子一个原因状语从句 As many eyes were watching him) 必背: 含有 being的抛立主格结构。 It being National Day today, the streets are very crowded.今天是国 庆,街上很拥挤。 = As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded. There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. &fy 的事可讨论,我们都回家了。 As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home. 3.表示条件的形式作抛立主格结构 Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week. 时允许的话,我们下星期将进行一米野。(相当于一个条件 状语从句time permits) My health allowing I will work far into the night
seated） 2． 表示原因的-ing 形式作“独立主格结构” The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相当于 一个原因状语从句 Because the boy led the way） Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. 许多眼睛看着他，他 感到有点儿紧张。（相当于一个原因状语从句 As many eyes were watching him） 必背： 含有 being 的独立主格结构。 It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded. 今天是国 庆节,街上很拥挤。 = As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded. There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 没别 的事可讨论，我们都回家了。 = As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home. 3． 表示条件的-ing 形式作“独立主格结构” Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week. 时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。（相当于一个条件 状语从句 If time permits) My health allowing, I will work far into the night
我的健康许可的话,我原工作到擦夜。(相当于一个条件状语从 句 If my health allows) 4.表示方式的ig形式作“独立主格结构” The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡。(相当 子一个并列分句 and each wears a card in front ofhis chest) The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky. 男孩躺在草地上,猜看着天空。(相当于一个并列分句 and his eyes were looking at the sky C.-ed形式抛立主格结构 与逻辑主语动词的形式一样,如果ed形式的逻舞主语和句 子的主语不一致的话,就需要用ed形式的独立主格结构。 The book written in simple english, English beginners were able to read it. 该书是用单英语写的,英语初学者也看。 As the book was written in simple english, English beginners were tble to read it. The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了
我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。（相当于一个条件状语从 句 If my health allows） 4． 表示方式的-ing 形式作“独立主格结构” The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。（相当 于一个并列分句 and each wears a card in front of his chest） The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky. 男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。（相当于一个并列分句 and his eyes were looking at the sky） C．-ed 形式“独立主格结构” 与逻辑主语+动词的-ing 形式一样，如果-ed 形式的逻辑主语和句 子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed 形式的独立主格结构。 The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it. 该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。 = As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it. The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了
As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲,限猜紧的着黑板 He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard. The task completed, he had two months'leave.在务完成以后,他休 了两个月的假。(= When the task had been completed, he had two months'leave 比较: 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词cd形式表示动作 已经结束,动词ig形式往往表示动作正在进行。 The manager looks worried, many things to settle..经理看上去很着 急,有这么多的享情要处理。(喜情还投有处理,历且是由经理本 人来处理,用不定式 to settle) The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.许多事情已经处 理好了,经理看上去很轻松。(事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed 形式seld表示动作已经结柬) The food being cooked, the boy was watching T.小孩一边做饭, 一边看电视。(两个动作同时进行) The food cooked, the boy went to bed.饭做好了,小孩去睡了。(两
= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 = He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard. The task completed,he had two months' leave. 任务完成以后，他休 了两个月的假。（=When the task had been completed,he had two months' leave.） 比较： 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed 形式表示动作 已经结束，动词-ing 形式往往表示动作正在进行。 The manager looks worried，many things to settle. 经理看上去很着 急, 有这么多的事情要处理。（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本 人来处理，用不定式 to settle） The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处 理好了， 经理看上去很轻松。（事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed 形式 settled 表示动作已经结束） The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭， 一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行） The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了，小孩去睡了。（两
个动作有先后,饭已做好,小孩才去趣觉的) 二、动词独立主格结构 “逻主语+ being+其他”是独立主结构中的“逻緝主语动词ing 形式”的一种形式。在这种结构中, being往往可以被省去,这种 省去 being的结构,称之为无动词抛立主格结构” A.逻瓣主语+名词 Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of12 十个学生报名参加了这竞赛,年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩(t加he younger和 a boy of12之间省去了 being) 注意: 独立主格结构中的 being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略,一是在 There bein+名词”结构中,二是在逻缉主语是代词的情况下 There being no bus, we had to walk home.于有公共汽车,我 们只好走回家 It being sunday, all the offices are close.因为是星期日,所有办公 室都关门。 B.逻主语+形容词 He turned to me, his eyes sleepy 他题爆然地转向我。(hqs和 sleepy之间省去了 being) -He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy. He stood there, his mouth wide oper.他站在那里,嘴张得大大的
个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的） 二、 动词独立主格结构 “逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing 形式”的一种形式。在这种结构中，being 往往可以被省去，这种 省去 being 的结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。 A．逻辑主语+名词 Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12. 十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个 12 岁的男孩。（the youngest 和 a boy of 12 之间省去了 being） 注意： 独立主格结构中的 being 在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在 “There being + 名词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我 们只好走回家。 It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日，所有办公 室都关门。 B．逻辑主语+形容词 He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪地转向我。（his eyes 和 sleepy 之间省去了 being） = He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy. He stood there, his mouth wide open. 他站在那里，嘴张得大大的
( his mouth和 wide open之间省去了 being)= He stood there,mnd his mouth was wide open. C.逻主语+副词 School over, we all went home.放学了,我们部回家了。( chool 和over之间省去了 being) = School was over and we all went home He sat at his desk, his shoes o∫.他坐在课桌旁,没穿鞋子。(hi shoes和O厂之间省去了 being) He sat at his desk and his shoes were off. D.逻舞主语+介词短语 He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us. f*h 在黑板面前,背对着我们。 He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.新老师面带徽笑走 了进来 The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face. The teacher came into the classroon, a rule in his hand.老师走进 教室,手里拿着一把直尺。 The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand. 提示: 在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里,如果名词用单
（his mouth 和 wide open 之间省去了 being）= He stood there, and his mouth was wide open. C．逻辑主语+副词 School over, we all went home. 放学了，我们都回家了。（school 和 over 之间省去了 being） = School was over, and we all went home. He sat at his desk, his shoes off. 他坐在课桌旁，没穿鞋子。（his shoes 和 off 之间省去了 being） = He sat at his desk and his shoes were off. D．逻辑主语+介词短语 He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us. 他站 在黑板面前，背对着我们。 = He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us. The new teacher came in, a smile on her face. 新老师面带微笑走 了进来。 = The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face. The teacher came into the classroom，a rule in his hand. 老师走进 教室，手里拿着一把直尺。 = The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand. 提示： 在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，如果名词用单
数,可以不用冠词,同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。 The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand..音乐老师站在 门人,手里拿着一把小提琴。(= The music teacher stood at the door., a violin in his hand.) 三、 with/without引导的独立主格结构 介词wih/ Without+宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构,上 面订论过的抛立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。 A.with+名词代词+形容词 He doesn' t like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜欢开着節子 趣觉。 He doesn't like to sleep when the windows are open. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在丽中,衣服湿透 了。 He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet 注意 在“wih+名词代词+形容词构成的独立主格中,也可用已形容词 化的ig形式或ed形式 With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望者人感到很不快乐 with his father well- known, the boy didn款 want to stud父亲如 此出名,儿子不想读书
数，可以不用冠词，同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。 The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand. 音乐老师站在 门口,手里拿着一把小提琴。（= The music teacher stood at the door, a violin in his hand.） 三、 with/without 引导的独立主格结构 介词 with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上 面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。 A． with+名词代词+形容词 He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open. 他不喜欢开着窗子 睡觉。 = He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. 他站在雨中，衣服湿透 了。 = He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet. 注意： 在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格中，也可用已形容词 化的-ing 形式或-ed 形式。 With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。 With his father well-known, the boy didn 誸 want to study. 父亲如 此出名，儿子不想读书
B.wih+名词代词+副词 Ou r school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on 所有的灯都打开时,我们的学校看上去更美。 Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前,小孩在后走 着 The boy was walking and his father was ahead. C.wih+名词代词+介词短语 He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. a He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑。 He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. E vincent sat ai the desk, pen in mouth 文森特坐在课桌前,嘴里衔着一支笔。 Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth D.with+名词代词+动词的ed形式 With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作业做好了,彼得 出去玩了。 =When his homework was done, Peter went out to play. With the signal given, the train started..信号发出了,火车开始起动 =After the signal was given, the train started
B． with+名词代词+副词 Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。 = Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on. The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前，小孩在后走 着。 = The boy was walking and his father was ahead. C． with+名词代词+介词短语 He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或 He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。 = He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth. 文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。 = Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth. D． with+名词代词+动词的-ed 形式 With his homework done, Peter went out to play. 作业做好了，彼得 出去玩了。 = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play. With the signal given, the train started. 信号发出了，火车开始起动 了。 = After the signal was given, the train started