Water resources in China By Ting-lin HUANG School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology .Fineprintpdffactory......pdfhttp://www.fineprint.com
1 By Ting-lin HUANG School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi•an University of Architecture and Technology • FinePrint pdfFactory •••••• PDFhttp://www.fineprint.com
Water resources in China D Water resources: surface water Water resources; ground water Mobilization of water resource Water use by sectors and trends Competition between sectors in future China FinePrint pdfFactory.... PdfhtTp://www.fineprint.com
2 Water resou r resources: su ces: surface water Water resou r resources: ground water Mobilization of water resource Water use b r use by sectors and trends Competition between sectors in future China • FinePrint pdfFactory •••••• PDFhttp://www.fineprint.com
Water resources, surface water Volume of water resource Total volume of water resources: 2812. 4(X 109)billion m3 about 96 of it is surface water resources Average annual fluvial runoff: 2711.5 (X 109)billion m3 The average annual ground water: 828.8(X 109)billion m3 Overlap between above two parts: 727.9(X 109)billion .Fineprintpdffactory......pdfhttp://www.fineprint.com
3 Water resources: surface water ¡ Total volume of water resources : 2812.4 (， 109 ) billion m3 ,about 96 % of it is surface water resources ¡ Average annual fluvial runoff : 2711.5 (， 109 ) billion m3 ¡ The average annual ground water: 828.8 (， 109 ) billion m3 ¡ Overlap between above two parts: 727.9 (， 109 ) billion. Volume of water resource • FinePrint pdfFactory •••••• PDFhttp://www.fineprint.com
Sketch map of distribution of water resource olume in China 中国分区水资源量示意图 过鲁 D Hai and Luan Rivers valley E Hexi inland rivers valley F Yellow River valley G Qinghai inland rivers valley H Huaihe River valley I Changjiang River valley J Zhujiang River valley K Zhejiang, Fujian and Taiwan rivers" valley L Erduosi River valley M Xinjiang inland rivers'valley N Southwest rivers valle 年水资源量 人均水量 废水排放量 亿立方米 立方米/人·年 域界 资科百世 内外域界 南陶诸二 .Fineprintpdffactory......pdfhttp://www.fineprint.com
4 Sketch map of distribution of water resource volume in China A Heilongjiang River valley B Liao River valley C Inner Mongolia inland rivers• valley D Hai and Luan Rivers valley E Hexi inland rivers• valley F Yellow River valley G Qinghai inland rivers• valley H Huaihe River valley I Changjiang River valley J Zhujiang River valley K Zhejiang,Fujian and Taiwan rivers• valley L Erduosi River valley M Xinjiang inland rivers• valley N Southwest rivers• valley O Qiangtang inland rivers• valley • FinePrint pdfFactory •••••• PDFhttp://www.fineprint.com
The Total volume of water resources in the provinces. Autonomous Regions and Municipalities of China(2-1 Provinces, The overlap volume Annual total Annual water- Municipalities Annual total between surface volume of welding and autonomous and ground modulus Regions of precipitation water 108m resources 104m3/km2 10.7 24.29 68.3 2.0 146 1291 Hebei 1034 236.9 1262 143.5 9.18 Inner Mongolia 3183 l126 506.7 4.39 Liaoning 1000 673 24.96 He lang 2481 140.5 775.8 16.62 3.7 1017 38.9 31.88 Zhejiang 1597 201.2 897.1 88.12 Anhui 1591 106.8 676.88 2023 305.7 1168.7 28 2660 316.2 14224 8508 Shandong l110 335 Henan 1290 102.2 407 24.41 .Fineprintpdffactory......pdfhttp://www.fineprint.com
5 Henan 1290 102.2 407.7 24.41 Shandong 1110 83.2 335 21.85 Jiangxi 2660 316.2 1422.4 85.08 Fujian 2023 305.7 1168.7 96.28 Anhui 1591 106.8 676.88 48.49 Zhejiang 1597 201.2 897.1 88.12 Jiangsu 1017 38.9 325.4 31.88 Shanghai 65.1 3.7 26.9 43.49 Heilongjiang 2481 140.5 775.8 16.62 Jilin 1140 65.1 390 20.69 Liaoning 1000 67.3 363.2 24.96 Inner Mongolia 3183 112.6 506.7 4.39 Shanxi 831 66.1 143.5 9.18 Hebei 1034 75.9 236.9 12.62 Tianjin 68.3 2.0 14.6 12.91 Beijing 105 10.7 40.8 24.29 Annual wateryielding modulus 104m3 /km2 Annual total volume of water resources The overlap volume between surface and ground water 108m3 Annual total volume of precipitation Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions The Total Volume of Water Resources in the Provinces, Autonomous Regions and Municipalities of China (2-1) • FinePrint pdfFactory •••••• PDFhttp://www.fineprint.com
The Total Volume of water resources in the Provinces autonomous Regions and Municipalities of China(2-2) Provinces Annual total The overlap volume Annual total Annual water Municipalities and volume of between surface and volume of water yielding modulus Autonomous Regions precipitation ground water 108m3 resources 104m3/k Hubei 2166 256.1 981.2 52.78 Hunan 3020 368.2 1626.6 76.79 Guangdong(Hainan included) 3757 522.8 2134.1 100.66 Guangxi 3621 3977 1880 Sichuan 798.8 Guizhou 2094 258.9 1035 8.76 Yunnan 4824 738.0 Tibet 7132 1094.3 3731 Shaan 1371 143.2 441 1.5 nsu 1297 1314 2064 254.9 626.2 157 148 Xinjiang 2429 4897 882.8 Taiwan 874 l116 664.1 National tota 61889 7278.5 281244 .Fineprintpdffactory......pdfhttp://www.fineprint.com
6 National total 61889 7278.5 28124.4 29.46 Taiwan 874 111.6 664.1 184.57 Xinjiang 2429 489.7 882.8 5.36 Ningxia 157 14.8 9.9 1.92 Qinghai 2064 254.9 626.2 8.66 Gansu 1297 131.4 274.3 6.93 Shaanxi 1371 143.2 441.9 21.5 Tibet 7132 1094.3 4482 37.31 Yunnan 4824 738.0 2221 57.86 Guizhou 2094 258.9 1035 58.76 Sichuan 5889 798.8 3133.8 55.21 Guangxi 3621 397.7 1880 79.05 Guangdong(Hainan included) 3757 522.8 2134.1 100.66 Hunan 3020 368.2 1626.6 76.79 Hubei 2166 256.1 981.2 52.78 Annual wateryielding modulus 104m3 /km2 Annual total volume of water resources The overlap volume between surface and ground water 108m3 Annual total volume of precipitation Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions The Total Volume of Water Resources in the Provinces, Autonomous Regions and Municipalities of China (2-2) • FinePrint pdfFactory •••••• PDFhttp://www.fineprint.com
Water resources surface yater River systems The total length of all rivers in China amounts to about 420000 km More than 50000 rivers have a drainage area of more than 100 km2 The annual discharge of all rivers totals more than 2600 billion m3 Two large systems of rivers: oceanic and inland. The oceanic system- can be again subdivided into Pacific, Indian and arctic drainage basins--occupying about 64 per cent of the total land area in China 7 · Fine Print pdfFactory···· PdfhtTp://www.fineprint.com
7 Water resources: surfac resources: surface water — The total len e total length of all rivers in China amounts to th of all rivers in China amounts to about 420 out 420000 km — More than 50000 rivers have a drai 0 rivers have a drainage area of mo a of more than 100 km2 . The annual disc al discharge of arge of all rivers totals more than 2 all rivers totals more than 2600 billion 00 billion m3 . — Two large o large systems of rivers: oceanic a s of rivers: oceanic and inland .The oceanic inland .The oceanic system· · can be again subdivid ain subdivided into Pacific, Indian and d into Pacific, Indian and Arctic drainag rctic drainage basins· · occupying abo cupying about 64 per cent t 64 per cent of the total land ar of the total land area in China. River systems • FinePrint pdfFactory •••••• PDFhttp://www.fineprint.com
Water resources surface yater River systems All the major river systems of China flow in a generally western to eastern direction to the Pacific Ocean About 50 percent of the total land area drains to the Pacific ocean About lo percent drains to the indian and arctic ocean about o percent drains to the arid basins of the west and north(without outlet to the sea ), where the streams evaporate or percolate to form deep underground water reserves · Fine Print pdfFactory···· PdfhtTp://www.fineprint.com
8 Water resources: surfac resources: surface water — All the major river systems of China flow in a generally western to eastern direction to the Pacific Ocean. — About 50 percent of the total land area drains to the Pacific ocean — About 10 percent drains to the Indian and Arctic ocean — About 40 percent drains to the arid basins of the west and north (without outlet to the sea ) ： where the streams evaporate or percolate to form deep underground water reserves . River systems • FinePrint pdfFactory •••••• PDFhttp://www.fineprint.com
Maior rivers in China River Drainage Area Length Annual Flow (km2) (km) (10m3) Changjiang River(Yangtze River)1808500 6300 9513 Huanghe River (Yellow River) 752443 5464 661 Songhuajing River 557180 2308 762 Liaohe river 228960 1390 148 Zhujiang river(Pear River 453690 2214 3338 Haihe river 263631 1090 Huaihe river 269283 1000 622 Source: State Statistical Bureau of PRC, 1998, China Statistical Yearbook 1998 9 .Fineprintpdffactory......pdfhttp://www.fineprint.com
9 Major rivers in China Huaihe River 269283 1000 622 Haihe River 263631 1090 228 Zhujiang River (Pear River) 453690 2214 3338 Liaohe River 228960 1390 148 Songhuajing River 557180 2308 762 Huanghe River (Yellow River) 752443 5464 661 Changjiang River (Yangtze River) 1808500 6300 9513 Annual Flow (108 m3 ) Length (km) Drainage Area (km2 ) River Source（ State Statistical Bureau of PRC： 1998： China Statistical Yearbook 1998 • FinePrint pdfFactory •••••• PDFhttp://www.fineprint.com
Drainage Area of Rivers in China Rive Drainage Area(km?) Percentage to Total (% Total Exotic Streams and Inland Rivers 9559370 100.00 Out-flowing Rivers 6114728 63.97 Heilongjiang River and Suifenhe River 875342 Liaohe, Yalujiang and Related Coastal Rivers 345207 Haihe River and luanhe river 3l8161 3.33 Huanghe River(Yellow River) 752443 7.87 Huaihe and Related Coastal Rivers in Shandong Province 329211 Changjiang River(Yangtze River) 1808500 18.92 Rivers in Zhejiang, Fujian and Taiwan Province 239803 2.51 hujiang River(Pear Rive) and Related Coastal River 580640 6.07 Yuanjiang River and Lancang river 240652 Nujiang River and West Yunnan Rivers 157156 Yarlung Zangbo River and Southern Tibet Rivers 396258 4.15 Western Tibet Rivers 57340 0.60 Ertix River 50000 0.52 Inland Rivers 3408659 35.66 Rivers in Inner mongolia 300067 Huanghe Upper Reach Area 488301 5.1l Rivers in zhunger Basin 316530 3.31 Rivers Central asia 93130 livers in Tarim Basin 1074810 l1.2 Rivers in Qinghai Province 316285 3.31 Rivers in Qiangtang 721182 7.54 Blind Drainage Areas of Songhua River, Huanghe River and Southern Tibet 90353 0.95 Source: State Statistical Bureau of PRC, 1998, China Statistical Yearbook 1998 .Fineprintpdffactory......pdfhttp://www.fineprint.com
10 Blind Drainage Areas of Songhua River, Huanghe River and Southern Tibet 90353 0.95 Rivers in Qiangtang 721182 7.54 Rivers in Qinghai Province 316285 3.31 Rivers in Tarim Basin 1074810 11.24 Rivers Central Asia 93130 0.97 Rivers in zhunger Basin 316530 3.31 Huanghe Upper Reach Area 488301 5.11 Rivers in Inner Mongolia 300067 3.14 Inland Rivers 3408659 35.66 Ertix River 50000 0.52 Western Tibet Rivers 57340 0.60 Yarlung Zangbo River and Southern Tibet Rivers 396258 4.15 Nujiang River and West Yunnan Rivers 157156 1.64 Yuanjiang River and Lancang River 240652 2.52 Zhujiang River (Pear Rive) and Related Coastal River 580640 6.07 Rivers in Zhejiang, Fujian and Taiwan Provinces 239803 2.51 Changjiang River (Yangtze River) 1808500 18.92 Huaihe and Related Coastal Rivers in Shandong Province 329211 3.44 Huanghe River (Yellow River) 752443 7.87 Haihe River and luanhe River 318161 3.33 Liaohe,Yalujiang and Related Coastal Rivers 345207 3.61 Heilongjiang River and Suifenhe River 875342 9.16 Out-flowing Rivers 6114728 63.97 Total Exotic Streams and Inland Rivers 9559370 100.00 Drainage Area (km Percentage to Total (%) 2 River ) Source: State Statistical Bureau of PRC： 1998： China Statistical Yearbook 1998： Drainage Area of Rivers in China • FinePrint pdfFactory •••••• PDFhttp://www.fineprint.com