有机化学电子教案 第四章炔烃和二烯烃
College Chemistry of Jilin Normal University 第四章 炔烃和二烯烃
第一节炔烃 炔烃的结构 乙炔的分子式是C2H4,构造式碳原子为sp杂化。 2px 2py 2 杂化 2py 21 2 Sp p ④Q( s-sp sp-sP sP-S H-C9C-H College Chemistry of jilin Normal university
College Chemistry of Jilin Normal University 第一节 炔烃 一、炔烃的结构 乙炔的分子式是C2H4,构造式碳原子为sp杂化
两个正交p轨道的总,其电子云呈环形的面包圈。 H H College Chemistry of jilin Normal university
College Chemistry of Jilin Normal University 两个正交p轨道的总,其电子云呈环形的面包圈
、炔烃的命名 炔烃的命名法和烯烃相似,只将"烯"字改为"炔" CH3 PB=83225三甲基3已炔 CH3 CH3 CH2=CH-CH2一C≡CH1-戊烯-4-炔 CH3 CH=CH-C=CH 3戊烯-1炔 4321 (不叫2戊烯-4-炔) College Chemistry of jilin Normal university
College Chemistry of Jilin Normal University 二、炔烃的命名 炔烃的命名法和烯烃相似,只将"烯"字改为"炔
、炔烃的物理性质 炔烃的沸点比对应的烯烃高10-20°C,比重比对应的烯烃稍大, 在水里的溶解度也比烷和烯烃大些。 四、炔烃的化学性质 反应都发生在叁键上,叁键是炔烃的官能团。 College Chemistry of jilin Normal university
College Chemistry of Jilin Normal University 三、炔烃的物理性质 炔烃的沸点比对应的烯烃高10-20°C,比重比对应的烯烃稍大, 在水里的溶解度也比烷和烯烃大些。 四、炔烃的化学性质 反应都发生在叁键上,叁键是炔烃的官能团
1催化氢化 H2G适量) R—C≡C-H R-CH=H2 H2-R-CHA-CH3 催化剂Pd或Ⅳi Pt R-C=C-H+H2(过量)P,R-CH2-CH3 College Chemistry of jilin Normal university
College Chemistry of Jilin Normal University 1.催化氢化
Lindlar催化剂和PZ催化剂催化氢化,主要生成顺式烯烃 N(06-CH323BNiB(Pz催化剂) 只还原炔不还原烯 C3H7-GC-C3H7+ H2 [Pd/CaCo 1 C3H7 C3H7 H C2H5 C2H5 C2HS-C=C-C2H5+H2 P-Z 97% College Chemistry of jilin Normal university
College Chemistry of Jilin Normal University Lindlar 催化剂和P-Z催化剂催化氢化,主要生成顺式烯烃
催化剂加氢顺式加成产物。机理: RG=C-R+Ma-la++[R范R] radical anion RE-R]+NH3—MH2+x vinylradical Na t c H vinyl anion H more stable less stable College Chemistry of jilin Normal university
College Chemistry of Jilin Normal University 催化剂加氢顺式加成产物。机理:
用钠或锂在液氨中还原,生成反式烯烃。 C3H7C=C-C3班7L+M37 52% H7 Pd-Basc4 C6H5- CH=C-CH=CH-C=C-C6H5+H2 C6H5-CH=C-CH=CH-CH=CH--C6H5 喹啉 6H5 90% College Chemistry of jilin Normal university
College Chemistry of Jilin Normal University 用钠或锂在液氨中还原,生成反式烯烃
亲电加成: HC=CHA,CH-CH-X2 CH—CH z=1,B College Chemistry of jilin Normal university
College Chemistry of Jilin Normal University 亲电加成: