How to study for this course Genetics is a different biology class Reading, attending lectures And understanding the concept-not memorIzing Do problem sets
How to study for this course • Genetics is a different biology class • Reading, attending lectures And understanding the concept-not memorizing • Do problem sets
Introduction to Genetics What is genetics? Genetics research is focused on three areas Genetics has a long history Genetics is an experimental science How do geneticists choose experimental organisms?
Introduction to Genetics • What is Genetics? • Genetics research is focused on three areas. • Genetics has a long history. • Genetics is an experimental science. • How do geneticists choose experimental organisms?
Genetics is the study of heredity and variation Genetics is the study of the rly, The Science of Genetics re2-1 inheritance of traits The gene is the basic unit of heredity. a Pollen lands on stigma Egg In ovule is fertilized. Seed germinates. Geneticists study the inheritance structure (Flower dissected to show function and eproductive structures sEeds mature. seeds develop. change of genes
Genetics is the study of heredity and variation • Genetics is the study of the inheritance of traits. • The gene is the basic unit of heredity. • Geneticists study the inheritance, structure, function and change of genes
Genetics research is focused on three areas Transmission Genetics Molecular genetics Population/Evolutionary Genetics
Genetics research is focused on three areas • Transmission Genetics • Molecular Genetics • Population/Evolutionary Genetics
Transmission Genetics Mendelian rules Mutational Analysis Controlled Breeding Pedigree Analysis Gene Interaction Genetic Mapping Chromosomal mechanics Developmental Analysis
Transmission Genetics: • Mendelian Rules • Mutational Analysis • Controlled Breeding • Pedigree Analysis • Gene Interaction • Genetic Mapping • Chromosomal Mechanics • Developmental Analysis
Molecular genetics: DNA Structure DNA Replication Genetic Code Transcription and Translation Recombinant DNA DNA Sequencing Gene Cloning Transgenic Plants and Animals
Molecular Genetics: • DNA Structure • DNA Replication • Genetic Code • Transcription and Translation • Recombinant DNA • DNA Sequencing • Gene Cloning • Transgenic Plants and Animals
Population/Evolutionary Genetics Measuring gene frequencies Measuring gene changes Estimating the rates of change Measuring the forces that drive genetic change Mutation, migration, selection, genetic drift
Population/Evolutionary Genetics: • Measuring gene frequencies • Measuring gene changes • Estimating the rates of change • Measuring the forces that drive genetic change • Mutation, migration, selection, genetic drift
History of Genetics Before 1860 Lamarckian inheritance Cell theory 1860-1900 Cell Cycle 1900-1944 Mendel Chromosome theory 1944-1977 DNA Genetic code 1977-today Gene cloning Eukaryotic gene structure
History of Genetics • Before 1860 • Lamarckian inheritance • Cell theory • 1860 - 1900 • Cell Cycle • 1900 - 1944 • Mendel • Chromosome theory • 1944 - 1977 • DNA • Genetic code • 1977- today • Gene cloning • Eukaryotic gene structure
The scientific method Genetics re lies on the scientific method to study genes and traits observation Hypotheses Testing
The Scientific Method • Genetics relies on the scientific method to study genes and traits • Observation • Hypotheses • Testing
Genetics is an Experimental Science Information comes from observation observation Ideas are tested by Hypothesis experimentation Prediction Controlled experiments generate reliable data Experiment Model organisms are widely New Hypothesis used
Genetics is an Experimental Science Observation Hypothesis Prediction Experiment New Hypothesis • Information comes from observation • Ideas are tested by experimentation • Controlled experiments generate reliable data • Model organisms are widely used
