
CHAPTER5 SYNTHESIS OF THE LTI SYSTEM LT反馈系统时间域综合
CHAPTER5 SYNTHESIS OF THE LTI SYSTEM LTI反馈系统时间域综合

引言 >综合与分析是相反的一个命题。 >分析: 已知系统结构和参数及外输入作用, 研究系统运动的定性行为(如能控性、能观测性、 稳定性等)和定量的变化规律
➢ 分析 : ➢ 综合与分析是相反的一个命题。 稳定性等)和定量的变化规律。 研究系统运动的定性行为(如能控性、能观测性、 已知系统结构和参数及外输入作用, 引言

>综合: 已知系统结构和参数及所期望的系统运动形式或某些 特征。 目的是确定需要施加于系统的外输入作用,即控制 规律 >综合是建立在系统分析的基础上的。 >控制律常取为反馈的形式(状态反馈或输出反馈)。 >无论抗扰动还是抗参数摄动,反馈系统优于非反馈系统。 >本章以状态空间法为基础,在时间域内讨论SSO线性 反馈系统的综合问题
➢ 综合: 目的是确定需要施加于系统的外输入作用,即控制 规律 已知系统结构和参数及所期望的系统运动形式或某些 特征。 反馈系统的综合问题。 ➢ 本章以状态空间法为基础,在时间域内讨论SISO线性 ➢ 控制律常取为反馈的形式(状态反馈或输出反馈)。 ➢ 无论抗扰动还是抗参数摄动,反馈系统优于非反馈系统。 ➢ 综合是建立在系统分析的基础上的

5.1 State Feedback Control(状态反馈控制)of the LTI System Definition 5.1 Consider the LTI system describedby X(t)=AX(t)+bu(t) y(t)=cX(t)+du(t) Alinear state-feedback control law(状态反馈控制律)is definedby. ···u(t))=-KX(t)+r(t). Where,r(t)is the reference input into the system,and. K=[k飞2. is a constantstatefeedback gain(状态反馈增益)vector
5.1 State Feedback Control (状态反馈控制)of the LTI System

By introducing the state feedback,a closed-loop system is obtained as. ()(A-bK)X()+br() 注意:闭 (5.4 y(t)=(c-dk)X(t)+dr(t) 环系统的 特征值,特 The closed-loop system is shown in Figure 5.1. 征多项式 y(t) -K Figure-5.1-Closed-Loop-System with-State-Feedback-Control
注意:闭 环系统的 特征值,特 征多项式

The transfer-function of the closed-loop system is G(s)=(c-d)(sI-A+bK)b+d···(5.5) ↓ If.G(s)is strictly proper,i.e.d=0,we have the closed-loop system as. X(t)=(A-bK)X(t)+br(t) 6 y(t)=cX(t) the transfer function of(5.6)is. Gx(S)=c(sI-A+bK)b·. (5.7) In the following discussion,we mainly consider the case,d=0

5.1.2 Controllability and Observability of the Closed-Loop System Theorem 5.1 The closed-loop system(5.4)and (5.6)with the state feedback control is completely controllable iff the original open- loop system (5.1)is completely controllable. In other words,the controllability can be preserved by introducing the state feedback control into the open-loop system.However,the observability may be changed by introducing the state feedback control into the open-loop system. 状态反馈控制的引入,不改变系统的能控性。 值得注意的是,它可能改变系统的能观测性
5.1.2 Controllability and Observability of the Closed-Loop System 状态反馈控制的引入,不改变系统的能控性。 值得注意的是,它可能改变系统的能观测性。 Theorem 5.1 The closed-loop system (5.4) and (5.6) with the state feedback control is completely controllable iff the original openloop system (5.1) is completely controllable. In other words, the controllability can be preserved by introducing the state feedback control into the open-loop system. However, the observability may be changed by introducing the state feedback control into the open-loop system

Proof.The controllability matrix of the open-loop system(5.1)is. Q=「b Ab Aib.Am-b Furthermore,the controllability matrix of the closed-loop system(5.4)and(5.6) is =b (A-bK)b (A-bK)2b .(A-bK)"67 [1-Kb-K(A-bK)b.* 0 1 -Kb =[b Ab A'b.A-6] 0 0 1 0 0 Obviousyrak。=ramk2,”状态反愤控制的引入,不改变系统的能控性。 It means that the controllability can be preserved by introducing the state feedback control into the open-loop system
状态反馈控制的引入,不改变系统的能控性

Suppose the eigenvalues of the. closed-loop system are (4-bK),i=1,2,.,n.They are different fromthe eigenvalues(4)of the original open-loop system.So,introducing the state feedback control into the open-loop system may yield the pole-zeros cancellation(零极点对消). 定理4.19SS0LT1系统是完全能控完全能观的充分必要条件是它 的传递函数不存在零极点对消。 Itmeansthat,iftherialopen-loopsystemisompletelycontrollableand completelyobservable,theclosed-loopsystemwith the"state feedbackcontrol must be completely controllable,but may beunobservable
定理4.19 SISO LTI系统是完全能控完全能观的充分必要条件是它 的传递函数不存在零极点对消

5.l.3 Poles Placement(极点配置)by State Feedback Control 问题的提法 已知:x=Ax+bu,x(0)=xo,t≥0 y=Cx 性能指标:期望闭环极点,入,.,入 要求:构造u=-Kx+r,(即求K),使满足 2(A-BK)=2,i=1,2,.,n 任务:什么条件下可任意配置闭环极点,如何配置?
已知: 性能指标: 期望闭环极点 要求: 构造u=-Kx+r,(即求K),使满足 任务:什么条件下可任意配置闭环极点,如何配置? 0 x Ax bu x x t , (0) , 0 y cx = + = = ➢ 问题的提法 * * * 1 2 , , , n * ( ) , 1,2, , i i A BK i n − = = 5.1.3 Poles Placement (极点配置)by State Feedback Control