Water Resources in Norway presented by Assoc Prof. TorOve Leiknes Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Dr. TroVe leiknes
Dr. TorOve Leiknes 1 Water Resources in Norway presented by Assoc.Prof. TorOve Leiknes Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering
回 Norway: population -4, 3 mill area-324.103 Km2 pop. density -13 cap/Km2 feom 2 to 5* Northern Europe Situated far north(55-70oN) · long coast line temperate climate regulated by the gulf stream npol Procion Dr. TroVe leiknes
Dr. TorOve Leiknes 2 Norway: • Northern Europe • Situated far north (55-70°N) • long coast line • temperate climate • regulated by the Gulf stream • population – 4,3 mill. • area – 324.103 Km2 • pop. density – 13 cap/ Km2
回| Photo galler Dr. TroVe leiknes
Dr. TorOve Leiknes 3 Photo Gallery:
Hydrologic conditions Dr. TroVe leiknes
Dr. TorOve Leiknes 4 Hydrologic conditions:
o Flooding in urban areas Flooding causes major material losses. (Oslo area- September 1999) Dr. TroVe leiknes
Dr. TorOve Leiknes 5 Flooding in urban areas: Flooding causes major material losses! (Oslo area – September 1999)
o Water resources in a nutshell Topography mountainous ° very long coast line many fjords large valleys created by ° many rivers and lakes Average yearly rainfall north- 300-500 mm west -x3000 mm east-~500-700mm south-~1000-1500mm Dr. TroVe leiknes
Dr. TorOve Leiknes 6 Water resources in a nutshell: Topography: • mountainous • very long coast line • many fjords • large valleys created by • many rivers and lakes Average yearly rainfall: • north – ~300-500 mm • west – ~3000 mm • east – ~500-700 mm • south – ~1000-1500 mm
Water resources Water resources in Europe 回 Europe 65900 There t0000 20050001 Source: The Dobris Repart, map 5. 1. Dr. TroVe leiknes
Dr. TorOve Leiknes 7 Water resources Europe:
1995 z Global water stress 1995-2025 2025 China 40-20% withdrawal norway <10% withdrawal water withdrawal as percentage of total available 8 Dr. TroVe leiknes more than 40% 20%to10% 40%020% less than 10%
Dr. TorOve Leiknes 8 Global water stress: 1995-2025 China: 40-20% withdrawal Norway: < 10% withdrawal
en for nedbor pa vestlandet er blant de mest nedbernke 回| Precipitation in Norge varerern arsnedboren fra 282 mm i ure i indre Troms tl 2935 mm ved Norway predominant in coastal s omar mountain range rmmr 500·700 Gulf Stream dominant Tromeo factor 1500-2000 2000-2500 2500·3000 Large snowfall in the 3500·4000 mountains during winter Mull Oslo. Blindern Dr. TroVe leiknes Kilder Forland E. 1993 i Nasionalasas for Norg
Dr. TorOve Leiknes 9 Precipitation in Norway • predominant in coastal mountain range. • Gulf Stream dominant factor • Large snowfall in the mountains during winter
o Comparing drinking water in Scandinavia Norway Sweden Denmark Water sources surface water ground water 5090(25% infiltr:) 99 Characteristics: High NOM, very High NOM, high High hardness soft. low ALK and Ca Fe and Mn in high Fe/Mn H many cases nitrates pesticides Typical · NOM removal NOM removal. Fe/Mn removal treatment corrosion control. turbidity removal disinfection reguirements disinfection corrosion control disinfection Average water consumption 250 l/pe day 150 l/pe day 150 1/pe day Dr. TorOve Leiknes
Dr. TorOve Leiknes 10 Comparing drinking water in Scandinavia: • Fe/Mn removal • disinfection • NOM removal • turbidity removal • corrosion control • disinfection • NOM removal • corrosion control • disinfection Typical treatment requirements ~ 250 l/pe.day ~ 150 l/pe.day ~ 150 l/pe.day Average water consumption High hardness, high Fe/Mn, nitrates, pesticides High NOM, high Ca, Fe and Mn in many cases High NOM, very soft, low ALK and pH Characteristics: 1% 99% 50% 50%(25% infiltr.) 90% 10% Water sources: • surface water • ground water Norway Sweden Denmark