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228 The World Health Report 2002 Statistical Annex 229 Annex Table 12 Attributable DALYs by risk factor, sex and mortality stratum in WHO Regions,a 2000b WORLD AFRICA THE AMERICAS EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE SOUTH-EAST ASIA WESTERN PACIFIC Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Mortality stratum High child, High child, Very low child, Low child, High child, Low child, High child, Very low child, Low child, Low child, Low child, High child, Very low child, Low child, high adult very high adult very low adult low adult high adult low adult high adult very low adult low adult high adult low adult high adult very low adult low adult Males Females Total Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) Childhood and maternal undernutrition Underweight 69 733 68 067 137 801 15 530 14 375 17 189 15 710 12 11 570 498 512 410 324 312 8 203 8 407 10 9 367 324 32 29 1 634 1 239 21 297 22 766 6 6 4 048 3 972 Iron deficiency 15 756 19 301 35 057 2 263 2 521 2 451 2 905 223 255 446 465 121 217 239 277 1 449 1 746 87 211 166 271 110 161 681 847 5 614 6 883 31 81 1 876 2 462 Vitamin A deficiency 11 596 15 042 26 638 3 178 3 856 4 208 5 167 0 0 79 103 53 68 9 8 1 159 1 758 0 0 1 1 0 0 347 406 2 321 3 368 0 0 241 306 Zinc deficiency 14 201 13 833 28 034 2 625 2 414 4 563 4 150 1 1 115 99 174 138 66 63 1 547 1 574 0 0 65 56 5 4 197 152 4 635 4 961 0 0 208 219 Other diet-related risks and physical inactivity Blood pressure 34 920 29 350 64 270 980 1 295 984 1 177 1 642 1 141 1 807 1 438 208 178 840 570 1 781 1 698 2 624 1 828 2 699 2 180 5 386 4 632 1 394 1 402 7 010 5 316 781 451 6 783 6 044 Cholesterol 22 136 18 301 40 437 395 563 456 578 1 451 1 012 1 070 803 109 87 605 320 1 273 1 051 2 062 1 317 1 461 996 4 109 3 211 828 412 5 562 5 528 380 227 2 376 2 195 Overweight 15 543 17 872 33 415 246 318 341 546 1 825 1 654 1 505 1 918 189 234 534 456 882 1 027 1 922 1 735 1 420 1 445 2 578 2 684 650 818 686 1 939 334 295 2 430 2 804 Low fruit and vegetable intake 15 117 11 544 26 662 253 354 434 471 833 536 896 581 72 67 322 172 607 550 785 413 777 511 2 431 1 684 614 524 4 139 3 521 237 118 2 718 2 042 Physical inactivity 10 159 8 933 19 092 225 280 262 309 691 576 582 585 61 68 265 164 559 492 852 654 636 494 1 461 1 236 414 409 2 489 2 186 228 160 1 436 1 318 Sexual and reproductive health risks Unsafe sex 42 600 49 269 91 869 6 205 7 753 24 059 29 664 281 235 843 912 521 310 30 162 1 125 1 508 114 202 50 240 134 295 1 009 925 7 413 6 004 12 65 804 995 Lack of contraception … 8 814 8 814 … 997 … 1 732 … 2 … 375 … 203 … 119 … 1 210 … 3 … 83 … 47 … 397 … 3 354 … 1 … 290 Addictive substances Tobacco 48 177 10 904 59 081 591 97 1 311 367 3 567 2 606 2 190 813 51 14 593 197 1 780 379 4 991 1 464 3 381 715 7 230 832 2 712 180 10 474 1 621 994 325 8 313 1 296 Alcohol 49 397 8 926 58 323 1 441 393 3 621 785 2 925 702 7 854 1 443 789 170 162 22 328 36 3 103 416 2 183 446 7 543 1 570 1 793 284 4 927 675 708 43 12 020 1 941 Illicit drugs 8 669 2 549 11 218 543 156 495 163 797 410 758 323 199 71 449 78 624 147 764 365 179 82 717 225 427 41 1 376 260 231 101 1 109 129 Environmental risks Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene 27 432 26 726 54 158 3 797 3 119 6 365 5 355 31 30 686 603 436 320 314 315 3 797 4 506 33 33 287 262 64 57 734 506 8 762 9 725 14 13 2 112 1 879 Urban air pollution 4 413 3 452 7 865 171 148 90 76 113 87 171 136 29 24 55 36 345 291 91 60 197 141 217 153 184 155 820 693 70 44 1 862 1 410 Indoor smoke from solid fuels 19 040 19 499 38 539 3 036 2 358 3 865 3 059 2 4 193 251 175 154 32 32 1 817 1 691 0 0 233 244 18 49 458 532 6 641 7 596 0 0 2 569 3 528 Lead exposure 7 112 5 814 12 926 512 488 460 433 68 49 907 789 140 125 238 187 606 504 75 43 304 189 424 211 379 337 1 489 1 198 15 10 1 496 1 251 Climate change 2 700 2 816 5 517 321 305 631 636 1 2 35 36 13 10 10 10 357 391 1 2 5 5 2 2 19 15 1 213 1 325 0 1 92 77 Occupational risks Risk factors for injury 12 071 1 054 13 125 662 55 773 68 116 14 745 74 92 9 287 25 1 224 96 180 22 243 19 495 41 715 63 3 517 258 85 10 2 939 301 Carcinogens 1 138 283 1 421 12 4 17 7 71 22 49 11 4 1 15 2 24 5 131 21 82 12 166 31 43 8 150 27 31 6 342 127 Airborne particulates 2 771 267 3 038 26 2 35 2 125 35 134 13 3 0 22 1 44 4 140 42 79 6 132 10 101 7 341 29 31 8 1 558 107 Ergonomic stressors 485 333 818 21 16 25 20 17 10 32 15 4 2 9 3 25 16 21 11 18 12 21 14 26 19 111 78 9 5 146 110 Noise 2 788 1 362 4 151 109 49 127 60 92 31 122 43 15 6 60 21 142 88 117 47 92 50 136 92 219 185 799 303 26 22 735 365 Other selected risks to health Unsafe health care injections 6 356 4 105 10 461 244 187 804 742 0 0 13 5 20 12 0 0 437 390 0 0 8 5 106 59 356 156 2 341 1 759 0 0 2 028 791 Childhood sexual abuse 2 934 5 302 8 235 49 102 167 238 98 320 147 118 46 27 41 83 85 225 61 175 72 158 132 205 42 56 1 079 2 340 29 96 888 1 158 a See the List of Member States by WHO Region and mortality stratum. b The combined effects of any group of risk factors in this table will often be less than the sum of their separate effects. … Data not available or not applicable