≡ B
220 The World Health Report 2002 Statistical Annex 221 Childhood and maternal undernutrition Underweight Diarrhoeal diseases 44 45 45 49 49 24 21 13 12 Low birth weight 10 11 10 12 12 3 3 2 2 Lower respiratory infections 40 40 40 46 46 23 25 7 8 Malaria 45 45 45 46 45 9 14 0 0 Measles 33 33 33 34 34 22 23 10 10 Protein–energy malnutrition 89 88 88 88 88 91 92 77 78 Iron deficiency Anaemia 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Maternal mortality ... 11 11 ... 13 ... 6 ... 1 Perinatal mortality 20 19 19 22 22 13 13 8 7 Vitamin A deficiency Diarrhoeal diseases 18 18 18 19 19 10 9 0 0 Malaria 17 16 16 17 17 5 7 0 0 Maternal mortality ... 10 10 ... 12 ... 5 ... 0 Measles 15 15 15 15 15 12 13 0 0 Other infectious diseases 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 Zinc deficiency Diarrhoeal diseases 10 10 10 11 11 3 3 2 2 Lower respiratory infections 16 16 16 19 19 5 5 2 3 Malaria 18 18 18 19 18 3 4 1 1 Other diet-related risks and physical inactivity Blood pressure Cerebrovascular disease 61 62 62 56 56 57 60 72 72 Ischaemic heart disease 50 47 49 45 41 45 46 59 55 Other cardiovascular disease 14 13 14 11 10 12 12 20 18 Cholesterol Ischaemic heart disease 55 57 56 50 57 48 47 63 63 Ischaemic stroke 30 34 32 27 35 25 27 39 41 Overweight Diabetes mellitus 50 66 58 26 51 54 68 75 83 Ischaemic heart disease 21 22 21 8 14 22 23 34 33 Ischaemic stroke 21 25 23 9 14 20 23 34 35 Hypertensive disease 36 41 39 22 30 35 40 57 59 Breast cancer ... 8 8 ... 4 ... 6 ... 12 Colon/rectum cancer 11 13 12 4 6 8 10 15 17 Corpus uteri cancer ... 42 42 ... 29 ... 36 ... 49 Osteoarthritis 11 14 13 5 8 10 12 19 23 Low fruit and vegetable intake Ischaemic heart disease 30 31 31 32 34 31 31 29 27 Ischaemic stroke 19 20 19 20 21 19 20 18 18 Oesophagus cancer 19 21 20 22 23 19 20 17 17 Stomach cancer 19 20 19 20 22 19 20 18 18 Colon/rectum cancer 2 3 2 3 3 33 22 Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers 12 13 12 14 16 13 13 11 11 Physical inactivity Ischaemic heart disease 22 21 22 21 21 22 21 23 22 Ischaemic stroke 11 12 11 10 11 11 11 12 13 Breast cancer ... 10 10 ... 9 ... 10 ... 11 Colon/rectum cancer 16 16 16 15 15 15 16 16 17 Diabetes mellitus 14 15 14 13 14 14 15 15 15 Sexual and reproductive health Unsafe sex Cervix uteri cancer ... 100 100 ... 100 ... 100 ... 100 HIV/AIDS 92 97 94 95 98 68 69 50 51 Sexually transmitted diseases 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Lack of contraception Unsafe abortion ... 89 89 ... 90 ... 82 ... 83 Unplanned pregnancies and maternal complications ... 17 17 ... 19 ... 13 ... 10 Addictive substances Tobacco Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 49 24 38 58 19 35 14 79 57 Mouth and oropharynx cancers 15 20 16 29 35 0 0 0 0 Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers 76 42 66 75 25 57 20 90 69 Other cancers 13 1 7 5 0 12 1 19 2 Other medical conditions 8 2 5 5 1 7 1 16 6 Cardiovascular disease 19 4 12 14 2 12 2 32 10 Alcohol Cirrhosis of the liver 39 18 32 19 7 45 13 63 49 Drowning 12 6 10 8 4 10 6 43 25 Epilepsy 23 12 18 14 7 27 13 45 36 Falls 9 3 7 5 1 8 3 21 8 Haemorrhagic stroke 18 1 10 7 2 21 2 26 0 Homicide 26 16 24 18 12 28 16 41 32 Ischaemic heart disease 4 -1 2 7 0 5 0 2 -3 Ischaemic stroke 3 -6 -1 1 0 3 0 5 -16 Unipolar depressive disorders 3 1 2 2 0 3 0 7 2 Liver cancer 30 13 25 23 10 32 11 36 28 Mouth and oropharynx cancers 22 9 19 11 4 28 10 41 28 Oesophagus cancer 37 15 29 17 6 42 16 46 36 Other cancers 6 3 4 2 1 5 2 11 8 Self-inflicted injuries 15 5 11 8 2 10 5 27 12 Poisoning 23 9 18 7 3 11 7 43 26 Other intentional injuries 13 7 12 7 3 20 11 32 19 Motor vehicle accidents 25 8 20 19 5 25 8 45 18 Other unintentional injuries 15 5 11 10 4 15 6 32 16 Illicit drugs Drug use disorders 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 HIV/AIDS 4 1 2 0 0 28 9 43 68 Self-inflicted injuries 5 2 4 10 2 1 0 5 9 Unintentional injuries 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 6 Environmental risks Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene Diarrhoeal diseases 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 80 80 Urban air pollution Cardiopulmonary diseasesb 222 1 1 44 22 Respiratory infections 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers 5 6 5 5 4 8 9 3 3 Indoor smoke from solid fuels Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 13 34 22 13 45 16 40 1 4 Lower respiratory infections 36 36 36 41 41 20 21 10 11 Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers 1 3 1 0 1 2 7 0 0 Lead exposure Cerebrovascular disease 4 2 3 4 3 3 2 4 2 Hypertensive disease 6 3 5 8 4 5 3 6 3 World High mortality developing Low mortality developing Developed AFR-D, AFR-E, AMR-D, AMR-B, EMR-B, AMR-A, EUR-A, EUR-B, EMR-D, SEAR-D SEAR-B, WPR-B EUR-C, WPR-A Males Females Both sexes Males Females Males Females Males Females Annex Table 7 Selected population attributable fractions by risk factor, sex and level of development (% DALYs for each cause), 2000a World High mortality developing Low mortality developing Developed AFR-D, AFR-E, AMR-D, AMR-B, EMR-B, AMR-A, EUR-A, EUR-B, EMR-D, SEAR-D SEAR-B, WPR-B EUR-C, WPR-A Males Females Both sexes Males Females Males Females Males Females
Aner Annex Table 7 Selected population attributable fractions by risk facto sex and lerel of de Annex Table 8 Distribution of attributable mortsit by risk factor, age a Vale fural Dther tir-eeatnd hand phyad adtt 300 1m特 f-wuhalteihm "m 5 a1m:4m na tan nthterwlambw bu thnth um df ftwpandwrrd
222 The World Health Report 2002 Statistical Annex 223 Ischaemic heart disease 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 Other cardiovascular disease 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 Climate change Diarrhoeal diseases 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 Malaria 2 22 22 64 10 Other unintentional injuries 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Protein–energy malnutrition 16 18 17 22 23 0 0 0 0 Occupational risks Risk factors for injury Drowning 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 Falls 18 3 12 22 3 17 3 12 2 Fires 4 0 2 3 0 11 1 2 0 Motor vehicle accidents 8 1 6 10 2 8 1 5 1 Poisoning 3 0 2 40 50 10 Carcinogens Leukaemia 3 2 2 21 22 33 Other malignant neoplasms 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers 12 6 10 11 4 13 7 12 5 Airborne particulates Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 17 2 10 10 1 20 2 17 4 Ergonomic stressors Low back pain 41 32 37 40 31 43 34 39 29 Noise Deafness 22 11 16 23 10 24 14 16 8 Other selected risks to health Unsafe health care injections Cirrhosis of the liver 23 26 24 32 35 24 27 4 5 HIV/AIDS 5 55 65 25 01 Hepatitis B 30 29 30 39 36 25 22 2 2 Hepatitis C 32 30 31 47 42 31 26 2 2 Liver cancer 29 27 28 20 22 36 35 2 2 Childhood sexual abuse Alcohol use disorders 5 7 5 8 11 5 5 2 7 Drug use disorders 5 8 6 7 11 4 5 2 8 Panic disorder 7 13 11 10 19 6 9 3 10 Post-traumatic stress disorder 21 33 30 27 43 22 26 10 28 Self-inflicted injuries 6 11 8 9 16 5 8 3 8 Unipolar depressive disorders 4 7 6 5 10 3 4 1 5 aThe combined effects of any group of risk factors in this table will often be less than the sum of their separate effects. b Selected cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. … Data not available or not applicable. Childhood and maternal undernutrition Underweight 100 0 0 0 51 49 100 0 0 0 51 49 Iron deficiency 72 1 22 4 45 55 62 6 30 2 45 55 Vitamin A deficiency 85 1 14 0 43 57 86 1 12 0 44 56 Zinc deficiency 100 0 0 0 51 49 100 0 0 0 51 49 Other diet-related risks and physical inactivity Blood pressure 0 0 19 81 49 51 0 0 43 57 54 46 Cholesterol 0 0 22 78 48 52 0 0 50 50 55 45 Overweight 0 0 26 74 45 55 0 0 57 43 47 53 Low fruit and vegetable intake 0 0 23 77 53 47 0 0 49 51 57 43 Physical inactivity 0 0 21 79 50 50 0 0 48 52 53 47 Sexual and reproductive health risks Unsafe sex 16 1 77 6 47 53 18 1 79 2 46 54 Lack of contraception 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 Addictive substances Tobacco 0 0 30 70 79 21 0 0 61 39 82 18 Alcohol 1 1 65 33 91 9 1 3 87 9 85 15 Illicit drugs 0 0 100 0 80 20 0 2 98 0 77 23 Environmental risks Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene 68 5 13 14 52 48 77 8 13 3 51 49 Ambient air pollution 3 0 16 81 51 49 12 0 40 49 56 44 Indoor smoke from solid fuels 56 0 5 38 41 59 83 0 8 9 49 51 Lead exposure 0 0 42 58 66 34 75 0 16 8 55 45 Climate change 86 3 6 5 49 51 88 5 6 1 49 51 Occupational risks Risk factors for injury 0 0 85 14 94 6 0 0 96 4 92 8 Carcinogens 0 0 28 72 81 19 0 0 52 48 80 20 Airborne particulates 0 0 11 89 89 11 0 0 54 46 91 9 Ergonomic stressors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 5 59 41 Noise 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 11 67 33 Other selected risks to health Unsafe health care injections 10 2 53 35 63 37 16 3 67 13 61 39 Childhood sexual abuse 0 0 80 21 48 52 0 0 96 4 36 64 a The combined effects of any group of risk factors in this table will often be less than the sum of their separate effects. Annex Table 8 Distribution of attributable mortality and DALYs by risk factor, age and sex, 2000a Distribution of attributable deaths Distribution of attributable DALYs (% attributable events) (% attributable events) Age group Sex Age group Sex 0-4 5-14 15-59 60+ Males Females 0-4 5-14 15-59 60+ Males Females Annex Table 7 Selected population attributable fractions by risk factor, sex and level of development (% DALYs for each cause), 2000a World High mortality developing Low mortality developing Developed AFR-D, AFR-E, AMR-D, AMR-B, EMR-B, AMR-A, EUR-A, EUR-B, EMR-D, SEAR-D SEAR-B, WPR-B EUR-C, WPR-A Males Females Both sexes Males Females Males Females Males Females