《卫生经济学》课程参考文献（WHO年度报告）：World Health Report 2003_Shaping the Future_Annex2-en

The World Health Report 2003 Annex Table 2 Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions, a estimates for 2002 Figures computed by WHO to assure comparability, they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods THE AMERICAS caused Both sexes Females high adult very high adult very low adult low adult high adult 6224985 3131052 3093931127336096533358044516173810 (000) % total (000)% (000)%total(000)(000) TOTAL Death 57027100299491002707810046346144 27202691 32.3 947731.6 32224557 475 33 Infectious and parasitic diseases 11122195 19.9 3549 1605 10553.5 9103 39 lambda 0000 Gonorrhoea 2821 1532 1290 1747 Diarrhoeal diseases 924 3.1 0.5 1510.5 1510.6 Poliomyelitis .0 0 Diphtheria Measles 3791.3 00000 Meningitis 9003 8303 12 Hepatitis Be 71 320.1 0000001150000 00009200 Hepatitis C 180.1 Tropical diseases 13002 12 Trypanosomiasis .0 84014 0.0 Onchocerciasis 00000 000000 00011 00001 8 Japanese encephalitis 。 maode infections 3 .0 10.0 2 0 0 Respiratory infections 3845671931641914 3538 72 37666.618906.3187569 pper respiratory infections 0.1 380.1 Otitis media Maternal conditions 129 Perinatal conditions 464 1713226 Protein-energy maLnutrition 11 0.2

154 The World Health Report 2003 I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies 18 416 32.3 9 477 31.6 8 938 33.0 3 222 4 557 167 475 233 Infectious and parasitic diseases 11 122 19.5 5 968 19.9 5 154 19.0 2 238 3 549 69 188 137 Tuberculosis 1 605 2.8 1 055 3.5 550 2.0 121 182 1 25 18 STIs excluding HIV 180 0.3 91 0.3 89 0.3 41 52 0 1 1 Syphilis 157 0.3 84 0.3 72 0.3 39 50 0 1 0 Chlamydia 9 0.0 0 0.0 9 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 Gonorrhoea 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 HIV/AIDS 2 821 4.9 1 532 5.1 1 290 4.8 456 1 747 14 46 43 Diarrhoeal diseases 1 767 3.1 924 3.1 844 3.1 341 354 2 33 20 Childhood diseases 1 360 2.4 679 2.3 681 2.5 426 295 0 1 6 Pertussis 301 0.5 151 0.5 151 0.6 101 71 0 0 6 Poliomyelitis 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Diphtheria 5 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0 1 1 0 0 0 Measles 760 1.3 379 1.3 382 1.4 261 178 0 0 0 Tetanus 292 0.5 147 0.5 146 0.5 64 45 0 0 0 Meningitis 173 0.3 90 0.3 83 0.3 8 12 1 8 9 Hepatitis Be 103 0.2 71 0.2 32 0.1 10 10 1 3 2 Hepatitis Ce 53 0.1 35 0.1 18 0.1 4 4 5 2 0 Malaria 1 222 2.1 585 2.0 637 2.4 538 549 0 1 0 Tropical diseases 130 0.2 79 0.3 50 0.2 28 28 0 12 4 Trypanosomiasis 48 0.1 31 0.1 17 0.1 24 23 0 0 0 Chagas disease 14 0.0 8 0.0 7 0.0 0 0 0 11 4 Schistosomiasis 15 0.0 10 0.0 5 0.0 1 1 0 1 0 Leishmaniasis 51 0.1 30 0.1 21 0.1 4 4 0 0 0 Lymphatic filariasis 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Onchocerciasis 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Leprosy 6 0.0 4 0.0 2 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 Dengue 19 0.0 8 0.0 10 0.0 0 0 0 1 1 Japanese encephalitis 14 0.0 7 0.0 7 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Trachoma 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Intestinal nematode infections 12 0.0 6 0.0 6 0.0 1 2 0 0 1 Ascariasis 3 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 Trichuriasis 3 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Hookworm disease 3 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 1 1 0 0 0 Respiratory infections 3 845 6.7 1 931 6.4 1 914 7.1 533 538 72 107 49 Lower respiratory infections 3 766 6.6 1 890 6.3 1 875 6.9 525 531 72 105 47 Upper respiratory infections 75 0.1 38 0.1 37 0.1 7 6 0 1 2 Otitis media 4 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 1 1 0 0 0 Maternal conditions 510 0.9 … … 510 1.9 102 129 1 9 7 Perinatal conditions 2 464 4.3 1 368 4.6 1 096 4.0 284 270 17 132 26 Nutritional deficiencies 475 0.8 210 0.7 264 1.0 65 72 8 38 14 Protein-energy malnutrition 250 0.4 125 0.4 125 0.5 48 50 5 29 8 Iodine deficiency 7 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0 0 2 0 0 0 Vitamin A deficiency 23 0.0 11 0.0 12 0.0 10 7 0 0 0 Iron-deficiency anaemia 137 0.2 47 0.2 90 0.3 6 11 3 7 5 SEXc AFRICA THE AMERICAS Caused Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Both sexes Males Females High child, High child, Very low child, Low child, High child, high adult very high adult very low adult low adult high adult Population (000) 6 224 985 3 131 052 3 093 933 311 273 360 965 333 580 445 161 73 810 (000) % total (000) % total (000) % total (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) TOTAL Deaths 57 027 100 29 949 100 27 078 100 4 634 6 144 2 720 2 691 547 Annex Table 2 Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions,a estimates for 2002 Figures computed by WHO to assure comparability;b they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods

Statistical Annex 155 EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN Ca ality stra rtality stratum tality stratum ry low child, Low low adult ery low adult low adult low adult Population(000) 14252836029641532322284639717982341292598 (000) (000) (000) (000)(000) TOTAL Deaths 3926 1866 3689 12428 1146107 able diseases, mater and perinatal conditions and 1654 242 625 5105 136 1565 fectious and parasitic diseases 421 90 Gonorrhoea 000 500000 HIVAIDS 59 Diarrhoeal diseases 559 Pertussis 0 0 Diphtheria Measles 7 2000000 4929455 0000000 0 0 Meningitis 10 Hepatitis Be Hepatitis ce 21120 973 30 Malaria 11 000 000 36 Trypanosomiasis Chagas disease 36 Lymphatic filariasis 0000 0000 0000 Onchocerciasis 029 0 0 Japanese encephalitis Trachoma Intestinal nematode infection Ascariasis okworm disease 120 Respiratoryinfections 20 345 74 108 1285 108 403 pper respiratory infections 26 Otitis media Materna 0 11 Perinatal conditions 003842 10 39 82 930 2 Nutritional deficiencies 24 Protein-energy malnutrition lodine deficiency Vitamin A deficiency n-deficiency anaemia

Statistical Annex 155 I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies 92 1 654 242 166 159 625 5 105 136 1 565 Infectious and parasitic diseases 38 921 50 62 100 398 2 570 24 770 Tuberculosis 7 124 5 19 50 157 533 5 355 STIs excluding HIV 0 23 0 0 0 3 55 0 2 Syphilis 0 21 0 0 0 1 42 0 1 Chlamydia 0 1 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 Gonorrhoea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 HIV/AIDS 1 49 6 1 36 59 315 0 46 Diarrhoeal diseases 14 236 2 13 2 41 559 1 148 Childhood diseases 0 204 0 7 0 38 328 0 53 Pertussis 0 61 0 0 0 1 60 0 2 Poliomyelitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Diphtheria 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Measles 0 84 0 7 0 31 167 0 32 Tetanus 0 59 0 0 0 6 98 0 19 Meningitis 2 23 2 10 4 9 64 0 20 Hepatitis Be 1 9 2 2 1 7 30 1 25 Hepatitis Ce 1 4 3 1 0 3 11 4 10 Malaria 2 55 0 0 0 12 53 0 11 Tropical diseases 0 15 0 0 0 0 36 0 5 Trypanosomiasis 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chagas disease 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Schistosomiasis 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Leishmaniasis 0 5 0 0 0 0 36 0 2 Lymphatic filariasis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Onchocerciasis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Leprosy 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 Dengue 0 1 0 0 0 3 9 0 4 Japanese encephalitis 0 2 0 0 0 0 8 0 3 Trachoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Intestinal nematode infections 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 0 1 Ascariasis 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Trichuriasis 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Hookworm disease 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Respiratory infections 20 345 174 60 39 108 1 285 108 403 Lower respiratory infections 19 339 171 59 37 105 1 267 107 377 Upper respiratory infections 0 6 3 2 2 3 17 1 26 Otitis media 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Maternal conditions 3 65 0 2 1 11 160 0 21 Perinatal conditions 28 275 10 39 17 82 930 2 348 Nutritional deficiencies 4 48 7 3 2 26 161 2 24 Protein-energy malnutrition 2 22 3 1 1 10 56 1 13 Iodine deficiency 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Vitamin A deficiency 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Iron-deficiency anaemia 1 9 3 2 1 13 67 1 8 EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE SOUTH-EAST ASIA WESTERN PACIFIC Caused Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Low child, High child, Very low child, Low child, Low child, Low child, High child, Very low child, Low child, low adult high adult very low adult low adult high adult low adult high adult very low adult low adult Population (000) 142 528 360 296 415 323 222 846 239 717 298 234 1 292 598 155 400 1 562 136 (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) TOTAL Deaths 706 3 462 3 926 1 866 3 689 2 191 12 428 1 146 10 786

The World Health Report 2003 Annex Table 2 Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions, a estimates for 2002 Figures computed by WHO to assure comparability, they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods THE AMERICAS caused Both sexes Females high adult very high adult very low adult low adult high adult 6224985 3131052 3093931127336096533358044516173810 (000)% total (000)(000) IL. Noncommunicable conditions 33424 1699256.7 1643260.7 10681 Malignant neoplasms 7106125 396313.2 4411.6 Mouth and oropharynx cancers 0.6 067 12 Oesophagus 0.8 15 tomach cancer 15 1618 Liver canc 1910.722 Melanoma and other skin cancers 0.1 35 Breast cancer ervix uten cancer Corpus uteri cancer 10 Ovary cancer Prostate cancer 5 6265 31 ymphomas, multiple myeloma 264 117 153 Other 74 881 171 Diabetes mellitus Nutritionallendocrine disorders 12 33 Neuropsychiatric disorders 1105 535 Unipolar depressive disorders 0.0 Schizophrenia 11 000 Epilepsy 70 20 00064 00022 imer and other dementias 146 Parkinson disease 98 50 480.2 Drug use disorders 720.2 5 Post-traumatic stress disorder 00.0 bsessive-compulsive disorder anic disorder 000 0.0 Insomnia(primary) 0000 20000 00000 000000 000000 Sense organ disorders 0.0 Glaucoma Cataracts .0 00.0 000020000 Vision loss, age-related and other Hearing loss, adult onset 166552928074270858131.7 00%2 540103180393 1380.5 Hypertensive heart disease 1.6 33 Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease 5494 25408.5 2954 172 26 2090.7

156 The World Health Report 2003 II. Noncommunicable conditions 33 424 58.6 16 992 56.7 16 432 60.7 1 068 1 184 2 380 1 895 268 Malignant neoplasms 7 106 12.5 3 963 13.2 3 144 11.6 194 216 641 408 66 Mouth and oropharynx cancers 317 0.6 220 0.7 97 0.4 8 10 10 12 2 Oesophagus cancer 446 0.8 284 0.9 161 0.6 5 17 16 15 1 Stomach cancer 849 1.5 523 1.7 326 1.2 16 18 17 44 13 Colon/rectum cancer 620 1.1 321 1.1 299 1.1 10 10 74 31 4 Liver cancer 619 1.1 428 1.4 191 0.7 22 23 17 17 3 Pancreas cancer 229 0.4 121 0.4 109 0.4 3 5 33 17 2 Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers 1 239 2.2 886 3.0 353 1.3 7 10 179 49 3 Melanoma and other skin cancers 66 0.1 35 0.1 31 0.1 4 4 12 6 1 Breast cancer 477 0.8 3 0.0 474 1.8 21 14 52 33 4 Cervix uteri cancer 239 0.4 … … 239 0.9 15 23 5 19 7 Corpus uteri cancer 71 0.1 … … 71 0.3 1 1 9 10 1 Ovary cancer 134 0.2 … … 134 0.5 3 5 16 7 1 Prostate cancer 268 0.5 268 0.9 … … 24 17 42 31 5 Bladder cancer 178 0.3 125 0.4 53 0.2 6 5 16 8 1 Lymphomas, multiple myeloma 334 0.6 168 0.6 165 0.6 17 16 45 18 5 Leukaemia 264 0.5 146 0.5 117 0.4 7 6 27 18 3 Other neoplasms 148 0.3 74 0.2 74 0.3 4 5 17 11 1 Diabetes mellitus 987 1.7 440 1.5 547 2.0 35 45 86 151 16 Nutritional/endocrine disorders 243 0.4 108 0.4 135 0.5 12 14 33 25 4 Neuropsychiatric disorders 1 105 1.9 570 1.9 535 2.0 43 47 174 56 10 Unipolar depressive disorders 13 0.0 6 0.0 7 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 Bipolar affective disorder 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Schizophrenia 23 0.0 11 0.0 12 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 Epilepsy 125 0.2 70 0.2 55 0.2 18 20 2 6 2 Alcohol use disorders 86 0.2 73 0.2 13 0.0 3 4 8 14 2 Alzheimer and other dementias 395 0.7 146 0.5 249 0.9 3 4 106 11 1 Parkinson disease 98 0.2 50 0.2 48 0.2 2 3 19 4 1 Multiple sclerosis 16 0.0 6 0.0 10 0.0 0 0 4 1 0 Drug use disorders 88 0.2 72 0.2 16 0.1 2 0 5 2 0 Post-traumatic stress disorder 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Obsessive-compulsive disorder 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Panic disorder 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Insomnia (primary) 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Migraine 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Sense organ disorders 3 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Glaucoma 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Cataracts 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Vision loss, age-related and other 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Hearing loss, adult onset 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Cardiovascular diseases 16 655 29.2 8 074 27.0 8 581 31.7 496 540 1 031 803 93 Rheumatic heart disease 328 0.6 138 0.5 190 0.7 12 8 4 6 0 Hypertensive heart disease 907 1.6 418 1.4 489 1.8 27 33 47 73 15 Ischaemic heart disease 7 168 12.6 3 779 12.6 3 389 12.5 160 172 574 318 28 Cerebrovascular disease 5 494 9.6 2 540 8.5 2 954 10.9 172 187 187 239 26 Inflammatory heart disease 402 0.7 209 0.7 192 0.7 20 22 35 31 1 SEXc AFRICA THE AMERICAS Caused Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Both sexes Males Females High child, High child, Very low child, Low child, High child, high adult very high adult very low adult low adult high adult Population (000) 6 224 985 3 131 052 3 093 933 311 273 360 965 333 580 445 161 73 810 (000) % total (000) % total (000) % total (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) Annex Table 2 Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions,a estimates for 2002 Figures computed by WHO to assure comparability;b they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods

Statistical Annex 157 EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN WESTERN PACIFIC Ca ality stra rtality stratum tality stratum ry low child, Low low adult ery low adult low adult low adult rery low adult low adull Population(000) 142528360296415323222846397179823412925981554001562136 (000) (000) (000) l. Noncommunicable conditions 1529 1590 3027 1341 6082 Malignant neoplasms 1040 9 16 Oesophagus cancer 12 7 13 78 12 12 28 12 Colon/rectum cancer 150 Liver cancer Pancreas cancer 53 12 Melanoma and other skin cancers Breast cancer 4 31 Corpus uteri cancer 11 25 17 Prostate cancer 3 13 12 Leukaemia 13 36 673 33 Other neoplasms 3 161018 Diabetes mellitus 17 Nutritionalendocrine disorders 28 16 Neuropsychiatric disorders 53 Bipolar affective disorder 0 13 2 29 18 Alzheimer and other dementias Parkinson disease 2 22 26 11 20 Post-traumatic stress disorder 0 0 0 0 Obsessive-compulsive disorder Panic disorder Insomnia(primary) Migraine Sense organ disorders 0 Cataracts ted and other 311 348 Hypertensive heart disease 68 40 96 Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease 54 414 283 1807 matory heart disease

Statistical Annex 157 II. Noncommunicable conditions 501 1 529 3 495 1 590 3 027 1 341 6 082 924 8 076 Malignant neoplasms 76 196 1 040 291 491 267 893 354 1 961 Mouth and oropharynx cancers 2 18 24 9 17 16 133 7 50 Oesophagus cancer 4 12 28 7 13 4 78 12 233 Stomach cancer 12 9 61 28 67 12 51 54 447 Colon/rectum cancer 5 10 138 30 60 28 35 46 139 Liver cancer 6 9 40 12 15 31 30 36 358 Pancreas cancer 2 3 53 12 22 6 13 22 35 Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers 10 17 207 61 94 43 131 65 361 Melanoma and other skin cancers 1 1 15 4 6 1 2 3 4 Breast cancer 4 23 89 21 40 25 68 14 68 Cervix uteri cancer 1 6 8 7 12 14 87 3 31 Corpus uteri cancer 1 1 15 5 11 3 3 3 6 Ovary cancer 1 5 25 7 13 8 19 5 17 Prostate cancer 3 5 69 11 13 8 19 12 9 Bladder cancer 2 17 37 10 13 6 27 6 24 Lymphomas, multiple myeloma 5 15 54 11 10 17 79 15 26 Leukaemia 7 13 36 11 14 13 33 9 65 Other neoplasms 9 15 30 4 4 3 16 10 18 Diabetes mellitus 15 40 92 29 20 72 191 17 174 Nutritional/endocrine disorders 5 24 28 3 3 16 23 9 43 Neuropsychiatric disorders 22 67 185 25 40 53 214 22 143 Unipolar depressive disorders 0 1 2 0 0 1 8 0 0 Bipolar affective disorder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Schizophrenia 0 1 1 0 1 1 13 0 4 Epilepsy 2 8 6 4 4 5 29 1 18 Alcohol use disorders 2 2 13 4 6 3 12 1 11 Alzheimer and other dementias 2 9 96 3 5 9 79 10 56 Parkinson disease 2 2 22 2 1 1 9 4 26 Multiple sclerosis 0 0 4 1 2 0 1 0 1 Drug use disorders 7 24 7 2 11 3 20 1 3 Post-traumatic stress disorder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Obsessive-compulsive disorder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Panic disorder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Insomnia (primary) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Migraine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sense organ disorders 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Glaucoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cataracts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vision loss, age-related and other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hearing loss, adult onset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cardiovascular diseases 284 796 1 614 1 051 2 192 600 3 311 369 3 448 Rheumatic heart disease 4 20 10 7 14 12 121 3 107 Hypertensive heart disease 30 67 67 68 40 56 96 8 276 Ischaemic heart disease 143 396 673 464 1 201 265 1 774 126 864 Cerebrovascular disease 54 172 414 283 734 162 897 151 1 807 Inflammatory heart disease 11 26 28 30 41 10 66 7 73 EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE SOUTH-EAST ASIA WESTERN PACIFIC Caused Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Low child, High child, Very low child, Low child, Low child, Low child, High child, Very low child, Low child, low adult high adult very low adult low adult high adult low adult high adult very low adult low adult Population (000) 142 528 360 296 415 323 222 846 239 717 298 234 1 292 598 155 400 1 562 136 (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000)

The World Health Report 2003 Annex Table 2 Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions, a estimates for 2002 Figures computed by WHO to assure comparability, they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods THE AMERICAS caused Both sexes Females high adult very high adult very low adult low adult high adult 6224985 3131052 3093931127336096533358044516173810 (000) % total (000)% total (000)% total (000) 00) (000)(000)(000) Respiratory diseases 36966.5 124 19917523 Chronic obstructive pul 364 872 99 31 epic ulcer disease Cirrhosis of the liver 31 13 Appendicitis 120.0 Diseases of the genitourinary system 55 55 15 Nephritis/nephrosis 1.2 33212 12 Benign prostatic hypertrophy 1 260.1 430.2 Musculoskeletal diseas 38 17 2 Rheumatoid arthritis 0.0 Osteoarthritis .0 Congenital abnormalities 23809 35 13 Oral diseases 2 10.01 0 0 0 Periodontal disease 0.0 Edentulism 0.0 0 0 0 IlL. Injuries 348011.6 Unintentional 35626. 12016733 Poisoning 11 9 12 rowing 385 07 29 15 ther unintentional injuries 11643.94621.7 5315413 1.5 54918 15 19 3526 17 0.5 a See list of Member States by WHO region and mortality stratum. b See explanatory notes for sources and methods. World totals indude residual populations living in overseas territories and areas, or outside any WHO Member State d Estimates for specific causes may broader cause groupings owing to omission of residual categories. e does liver cancer and orthosis deaths resulting from chronic hepatitis virus infection. Data not available or not applicable

158 The World Health Report 2003 Respiratory diseases 3 696 6.5 1 909 6.4 1 788 6.6 124 133 199 175 23 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2 746 4.8 1 411 4.7 1 334 4.9 52 65 141 90 10 Asthma 239 0.4 121 0.4 118 0.4 12 14 6 10 2 Digestive diseases 1 963 3.4 1 091 3.6 872 3.2 75 82 99 153 31 Peptic ulcer disease 265 0.5 155 0.5 110 0.4 7 8 6 11 3 Cirrhosis of the liver 783 1.4 501 1.7 282 1.0 26 28 31 61 13 Appendicitis 21 0.0 12 0.0 10 0.0 1 1 1 2 1 Diseases of the genitourinary system 847 1.5 442 1.5 405 1.5 51 55 66 55 15 Nephritis/nephrosis 677 1.2 345 1.2 332 1.2 47 52 47 43 12 Benign prostatic hypertrophy 31 0.1 31 0.1 … … 1 1 1 2 0 Skin diseases 69 0.1 26 0.1 43 0.2 10 9 5 6 2 Musculoskeletal diseases 106 0.2 38 0.1 69 0.3 4 3 17 10 2 Rheumatoid arthritis 25 0.0 7 0.0 18 0.1 1 0 3 2 1 Osteoarthritis 5 0.0 2 0.0 3 0.0 0 0 1 1 0 Congenital abnormalities 493 0.9 255 0.9 238 0.9 21 35 13 40 5 Oral diseases 2 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Dental caries 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Periodontal disease 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Edentulism 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 III. Injuries 5 188 9.1 3 480 11.6 1 708 6.3 344 403 173 321 46 Unintentional 3 562 6.2 2 317 7.7 1 245 4.6 258 230 120 167 33 Road traffic injuries 1 192 2.1 869 2.9 323 1.2 96 99 49 76 10 Poisoning 355 0.6 229 0.8 126 0.5 21 18 14 2 1 Falls 393 0.7 237 0.8 156 0.6 11 9 18 12 1 Fires 311 0.5 120 0.4 191 0.7 24 20 4 3 1 Drowning 385 0.7 264 0.9 121 0.4 36 29 4 15 3 Other unintentional injuries 928 1.6 599 2.0 329 1.2 71 56 30 58 18 Intentional 1 626 2.9 1 164 3.9 462 1.7 86 173 53 154 13 Self-inflicted 877 1.5 549 1.8 328 1.2 15 19 35 26 2 Violence 559 1.0 444 1.5 114 0.4 57 77 17 119 10 War 178 0.3 161 0.5 18 0.1 14 77 0 8 0 a See list of Member States by WHO region and mortality stratum. b See explanatory notes for sources and methods. c World totals include residual populations living in overseas territories and areas, or outside any WHO Member State. d Estimates for specific causes may not sum to broader cause groupings owing to omission of residual categories. e Does not include liver cancer and cirrhosis deaths resulting from chronic hepatitis virus infection. … Data not available or not applicable. SEXc AFRICA THE AMERICAS Caused Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Both sexes Males Females High child, High child, Very low child, Low child, High child, high adult very high adult very low adult low adult high adult Population (000) 6 224 985 3 131 052 3 093 933 311 273 360 965 333 580 445 161 73 810 (000) % total (000) % total (000) % total (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) Annex Table 2 Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions,a estimates for 2002 Figures computed by WHO to assure comparability;b they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods

Statistical Annex 159 EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN RN PACIFIC Ca rtality stratum tality stratum ry low child, Low low adult ery low adult low adult low adult rery low adult low adull 142528360296415323222846397179823412925981554001562136 (000) (000) Respiratory diseases 27 128 220 72 106 1550 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Asthma Digestive diseases 41 Cirrhosis of the liver Appendicitis Diseases of the genitourinary system 09125 39 20 Benign prostatic hypertrophy 442 9 10 Musculoskeletal diseases 20 20 Oral diseases 0 0 00000 0 0 Periodontal disease Edentulism 000 1242 1145 Unintentional Road traffic injuries 25 15 14 Drowning 21 30 14 84 83 53 Self-inflicted 950 296

Statistical Annex 159 Respiratory diseases 27 128 220 72 106 153 721 59 1 550 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 15 80 140 45 72 100 556 22 1 354 Asthma 2 14 12 9 20 20 77 6 37 Digestive diseases 22 130 182 77 126 87 415 44 435 Peptic ulcer disease 2 10 17 9 14 15 84 5 75 Cirrhosis of the liver 8 59 65 39 63 34 170 14 171 Appendicitis 0 1 1 0 1 1 7 0 5 Diseases of the genitourinary system 21 62 63 25 24 57 149 27 175 Nephritis/nephrosis 9 56 42 20 14 45 124 24 141 Benign prostatic hypertrophy 1 2 1 1 2 2 11 0 6 Skin diseases 1 4 9 0 3 5 10 1 3 Musculoskeletal diseases 1 2 20 2 4 7 10 6 20 Rheumatoid arthritis 0 0 4 1 1 1 3 2 5 Osteoarthritis 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congenital abnormalities 19 64 11 13 14 20 129 4 104 Oral diseases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dental caries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Periodontal disease 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Edentulism 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 III. Injuries 112 279 190 110 503 225 1 242 86 1 145 Unintentional 98 196 137 77 334 149 931 48 779 Road traffic injuries 57 75 46 22 60 72 224 14 290 Poisoning 3 12 6 6 103 8 87 1 74 Falls 6 17 47 9 25 15 106 8 108 Fires 7 24 3 3 17 14 170 2 18 Drowning 5 21 4 6 30 14 84 6 126 Other unintentional injuries 19 47 32 30 99 26 261 17 162 Intentional 15 83 53 33 170 76 310 38 366 Self-inflicted 9 25 48 23 93 37 209 37 296 Violence 5 22 4 8 60 28 85 1 65 War 0 35 0 2 17 10 11 0 3 EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE SOUTH-EAST ASIA WESTERN PACIFIC Caused Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Mortality stratum Low child, High child, Very low child, Low child, Low child, Low child, High child, Very low child, Low child, low adult high adult very low adult low adult high adult low adult high adult very low adult low adult Population (000) 142 528 360 296 415 323 222 846 239 717 298 234 1 292 598 155 400 1 562 136 (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000)