浙江开放大学：试题_变化中的英语.doc_大学文库

Section 2 True or False(20 Points) Decide the following statements to be Ture T)or False (F)according to what you have learned from the course. 11.The term interlanguage is used for languages of learners who have only partial control of a language. 12.ELI English as a mother tongue(first language);ESL is English as a second language;EFL is English as a foreign language. 13.Latin and Sanskrit are dead languages. 14.Local varieties of English are not so difficult to learn as Standard English because students can feel that the language they are learning belongs to their own country and culture. 15.Natural languages are full of ambiguity,but English is an exception,which is why English is the language of international air traffic control. 16.Spanish,French and Portuguese are descendents of Latin. 17.In the worldwide community of users of English,a Chinese student majoring in English stands in the Outer circle 18.Pidgin is a makeshift language,the result of human inventiveness and creativeness and creativity in doing business. 19.Although they don't speak a RP,English dialect speakers always understand it. 20.Television programs were a major reason why English became popular globally after the second World War. SectionⅡ：Reading Test(40 points) Passage 1 (Questions 21-25 Read the following passage,and decide whether the statements are T(True )or F(False). Write your answers against the numbers on your Answer sheet. When students of English are advanced enough to read authentic(real)texts,that is stories, articles,and even books,not written especially for them,but intended for a wide international readership,they are sometimes surprised to find how similar are the written materials produced in England,in America,in India,in Africa or in New Zealand.Such a reader can often read many pages without being at all aware what part of the English-speaking world the writer comes from, or where the work was published.Until he looks inside the front cover he may be unsure whether the publisher is based in London or Cape Town,New York or Singapore. As a rule there is a clue,sooner or later-perhaps the name of a plant or an animal found only in a few parts of the world.Or the reader may notice a word like faucet.or sidewalk,or vest-and know that these are American-English terms for what British English calls tap,or pavement,or waistcoat.Written English,much more than the varieties of spoken English,is standardized.It is not entirely the same throughout the English-speaking world,but it is similar. The differences are quite superficial.For many practical purposes they can be disregarded most of the time.Standard English(as this standardized written English is called)is an advantage to the international user.Once he or she has a good reading knowledge,then printed English from all over the world on almost every topic you can imagine is written reach. 21.Readers may feel that author is obviously biased against British English. 22.It is clearly stated in the first paragraph that readers will find surprising similarity in written English in different parts of the English-speaking world

Section 2 True or False ( 20 Points ) Decide the following statements to be Ture ( T) or False (F) according to what you have learned from the course. 11. The term interlanguage is used for languages of learners who have only partial control of a language. 12. EL1 English as a mother tongue (first language); ESL is English as a second language; EFL is English as a foreign language. 13. Latin and Sanskrit are dead languages. 14. Local varieties of English are not so difficult to learn as Standard English because students can feel that the language they are learning belongs to their own country and culture. 15. Natural languages are full of ambiguity, but English is an exception, which is why English is the language of international air traffic control. 16. Spanish, French and Portuguese are descendents of Latin. 17.In the worldwide community of users of English, a Chinese student majoring in English stands in the Outer circle. 18. Pidgin is a makeshift language, the result of human inventiveness and creativeness and creativity in doing business. 19. Although they don’t speak a RP, English dialect speakers always understand it. 20. Television programs were a major reason why English became popular globally after the second World War. Section II : Reading Test ( 40 points) Passage 1 (Questions 21—25 ) Read the following passage, and decide whether the statements are T (True ) or F (False). Write your answers against the numbers on your Answer sheet. When students of English are advanced enough to read authentic(real) texts, that is stories, articles, and even books, not written especially for them, but intended for a wide international readership, they are sometimes surprised to find how similar are the written materials produced in England, in America, in India, in Africa or in New Zealand. Such a reader can often read many pages without being at all aware what part of the English-speaking world the writer comes from, or where the work was published. Until he looks inside the front cover he may be unsure whether the publisher is based in London or Cape Town, New York or Singapore. As a rule there is a clue, sooner or later—perhaps the name of a plant or an animal found only in a few parts of the world. Or the reader may notice a word like faucet, or sidewalk, or vest— and know that these are American-English terms for what British English calls tap, or pavement, or waistcoat. Written English, much more than the varieties of spoken English, is standardized. It is not entirely the same throughout the English-speaking world, but it is similar. The differences are quite superficial. For many practical purposes they can be disregarded most of the time. Standard English (as this standardized written English is called) is an advantage to the international user. Once he or she has a good reading knowledge, then printed English from all over the world on almost every topic you can imagine is written reach. 21. Readers may feel that author is obviously biased against British English. 22. It is clearly stated in the first paragraph that readers will find surprising similarity in written English in different parts of the English-speaking world

23.The author mentions several parts of the English-speaking countries and regions in the first paragraph to exemplify wide use of Englishes. 24.In the author's opinion,there is invariably something in a passage that betrays where it is written. 25.Readers may find the tone of the whole passage is impersonal. Passage 2 questions 26-30) Read the following passage,and answer the questions after the passage. Slang,informal,nonstandard words and phrases,generally have shorter lives than the expressions of ordinary colloquial speech.The former are typically formed by creative,often witty juxtapositions of words or images.Slang can be contrasted with jargon(technical language of occupational or other groups)and with argot or cant(secret vocabulary of underworld groups )but the borderlines separating these categories from slang are extremely blurred( )and some writers use the terms cant,argot,and jargon in a general way to include all the foregoing(前述的)meanings. Slang trends originate in subcultures within a society.Occupational groups for example, loggers,police,medical professionals,and computer specialists)are prominent originators of both jargon and slang.Other groups creating slang include the armed forces,teenagers,racial minorities,ghetto residents,labor unions denominations Episcopalians,for example,produced the term'spike',meaning a High Church Anglican).Slang expressions often embody attitudes and values of group members.They may thus contribute to a sense of group identity and may convey to the listener information about the speaker's background.Before an apt expression becomes slang,however,it must be widely adopted by members of the subcultures.At this point slang and jargon overlap greatly.If the subculture has enough contact with the mainstream culture,its figures of speech become slang expressions known to the whole of society.For example,cool cat aloof,stylish person),Mr.Charley a white man).The Man the law),and Uncle Tom a meek black)all originated in the predominantly black Harlem district of New York City and have traveled far since their inception.Slang is thus generally not tied to any geographic region within a country. A slang expression may suddenly become widely used and as quickly dated skiddoo).It may become accepted as standard speech,either in its original slang meaning(bus,from omnibus) or with an altered,possibly tamed meaning(jazz,which originally had sexual connotations).Some expressions have persisted for centuries as slang booze for alcoholic beverage).In the 20th century,mass media and rapid travel have sped up both the circulation and the demise of slang terms.Television and novels have turned criminal cant into slang(five gand for 5000).Changing social circumstances may stimulate the spread of slang.Drug-related expressions(such as pot and marijuana)were virtually a secret jargon in the 1940;in the 1860s they were adopted by rebellious youth;and in the 1970s and 80s they were widely known. 26.The passage mainly discusses A.the social function of slang and jargon B.the origins of slang and its social application C.how relationship between slang and subcultures D.the relationship between slang and subcultures

23. The author mentions several parts of the English-speaking countries and regions in the first paragraph to exemplify wide use of Englishes. 24. In the author’s opinion, there is invariably something in a passage that betrays where it is written. 25. Readers may find the tone of the whole passage is impersonal. Passage 2 ( questions 26—30) Read the following passage, and answer the questions after the passage. Slang, informal, nonstandard words and phrases, generally have shorter lives than the expressions of ordinary colloquial speech. The former are typically formed by creative, often witty juxtapositions of words or images. Slang can be contrasted with jargon ( technical language of occupational or other groups) and with argot or cant 黑话 ( secret vocabulary of underworld groups ), but the borderlines separating these categories from slang are extremely blurred(界限模糊不清), and some writers use the terms cant, argot, and jargon in a general way to include all the foregoing（前述的） meanings. Slang trends originate in subcultures within a society. Occupational groups ( for example, loggers, police, medical professionals, and computer specialists) are prominent originators of both jargon and slang. Other groups creating slang include the armed forces, teenagers, racial minorities, ghetto residents, labor unions denominations ( Episcopalians, for example, produced the term ‘spike’, meaning a High Church Anglican). Slang expressions often embody attitudes and values of group members. They may thus contribute to a sense of group identity and may convey to the listener information about the speaker’s background. Before an apt expression becomes slang, however, it must be widely adopted by members of the subcultures. At this point slang and jargon overlap greatly. If the subculture has enough contact with the mainstream culture, its figures of speech become slang expressions known to the whole of society. For example, cool cat ( aloof, stylish person), Mr. Charley ( a white man). The Man ( the law), and Uncle Tom ( a meek black) all originated in the predominantly black Harlem district of New York City and have traveled far since their inception. Slang is thus generally not tied to any geographic region within a country. A slang expression may suddenly become widely used and as quickly dated ( skiddoo). It may become accepted as standard speech, either in its original slang meaning (bus, from omnibus) or with an altered, possibly tamed meaning( jazz, which originally had sexual connotations). Some expressions have persisted for centuries as slang ( booze for alcoholic beverage). In the 20th century, mass media and rapid travel have sped up both the circulation and the demise of slang terms. Television and novels have turned criminal cant into slang (five gand for $ 5000). Changing social circumstances may stimulate the spread of slang. Drug-related expressions ( such as pot and marijuana) were virtually a secret jargon in the 1940; in the 1860s they were adopted by rebellious youth; and in the 1970s and 80s they were widely known. 26. The passage mainly discusses ______. A. the social function of slang and jargon B. the origins of slang and its social application C. how relationship between slang and subcultures D. the relationship between slang and subcultures

27.With reference to the outstanding contributors to the birth of slang,the author mentions all of the following except A.athletes B.clergy C.doctors D.philosophers 28.The word They in line 6,para.2 refers to A.slang expressions B.group members C.attitudes and values D.the speakers 29.Slang expressions contribute to A.the identification of individuals speech patterns B.the basic lifestyle of a certain group C.the identity of people as individuals D.the identification of a social group 30.Which of the following according to the passage,contributed to accelerating the metabolism(新陈代谢)of slang expressions in the20 h century? A.Newspapers and magazines. B.Rebellious youth. C.Religious denominations D.Drug-users. Passage 3 questions 31-35 Read the following passage,and answer the questions after the passage. The American victory in the Revolutionary War united 13 of the English-speaking settlements into the largest and most powerful political unit in the territory,even though those first 13 states hugging (the eastern coast seem small compared with the country's eventual size. As a result of the Revolution,approximately 71,500 people out of a population of some 2.5 million fled the new United States.Some were Loyalists-political or economic refugees(, whose loyalties to Great Britain remained strong;others were blacks seeking refuge from slavery.Immigration and the commercial slave trade after the war quickly restored the population to its former level.The Revolution also opened up the area west of the Appalachian Mountains to settlement,as fur traders and farmers were no longer confined by British settlement restrictions. Pioneering citizens,immigrants,and slaves moved west,displacing Native Americans who had hoped to preserve their cultures undisturbed by the expanding United States. The 17th and 18th centuries saw a growing importation of Africans into North America After 1808 U.S.law forbade the importation of slaves from abroad,although some smuggling of slaves continued.Few people from Africa chose to come to the United States voluntarily (the free African population was small)because they were considered second-class citizens,and confined largely to the northern states.Large numbers of Europeans migrated to the United States in the early national period,drawn by the promise of freedom,cheap land in the West,and jobs in the first factories of the emerging industrial age.The influx of Europeans,the end of the slave trade, and the ongoing wars removing Native Americans meant that some of the racial diversity if the population was diminishing.By the early decades of the 19th century,a greater proportion of Americans were of western European and Protestant heritage than at the time of the Revolution. Over the course of the 19h century,the United States gradually absorbed the French colonists in the upper Midwest and in New Orleans,Louisiana;the Spanish and Russian colonists in the South,West,and Northwest;and the territories of the Hawaiian people and other indigenous

27. With reference to the outstanding contributors to the birth of slang, the author mentions all of the following except ______. A. athletes B. clergy C. doctors D. philosophers 28. The word They in line 6, para. 2 refers to __________. A. slang expressions B. group members C. attitudes and values D. the speakers 29. Slang expressions contribute to __________. A. the identification of individuals speech patterns B. the basic lifestyle of a certain group C. the identity of people as individuals D. the identification of a social group 30. Which of the following, according to the passage, contributed to accelerating the metabolism(新陈代谢)of slang expressions in the 20th century? A. Newspapers and magazines. B. Rebellious youth. C. Religious denominations D. Drug-users. Passage 3 ( questions 31—35 ) Read the following passage, and answer the questions after the passage. The American victory in the Revolutionary War united 13 of the English-speaking settlements into the largest and most powerful political unit in the territory, even though those first 13 states hugging（紧靠） the eastern coast seem small compared with the country’s eventual size. As a result of the Revolution, approximately 71,500 people out of a population of some 2.5 million fled the new United States. Some were Loyalists—political or economic refugees(流亡者，难民) whose loyalties to Great Britain remained strong; others were blacks seeking refuge from slavery. Immigration and the commercial slave trade after the war quickly restored the population to its former level. The Revolution also opened up the area west of the Appalachian Mountains to settlement, as fur traders and farmers were no longer confined by British settlement restrictions. Pioneering citizens, immigrants, and slaves moved west, displacing Native Americans who had hoped to preserve their cultures undisturbed by the expanding United States. The 17th and 18th centuries saw a growing importation of Africans into North America. After 1808 U.S. law forbade the importation of slaves from abroad, although some smuggling of slaves continued. Few people from Africa chose to come to the United States voluntarily (the free African population was small) because they were considered second-class citizens, and confined largely to the northern states. Large numbers of Europeans migrated to the United States in the early national period, drawn by the promise of freedom, cheap land in the West, and jobs in the first factories of the emerging industrial age. The influx of Europeans, the end of the slave trade, and the ongoing wars removing Native Americans meant that some of the racial diversity if the population was diminishing. By the early decades of the 19th century, a greater proportion of Americans were of western European and Protestant heritage than at the time of the Revolution. Over the course of the 19th century, the United States gradually absorbed the French colonists in the upper Midwest and in New Orleans, Louisiana; the Spanish and Russian colonists in the South, West, and Northwest; and the territories of the Hawaiian people and other indigenous

groups.Sometimes these territories were added by diplomacy,sometimes by brute force(). European visitors were surprised at the diversity(差异，多样性)in nationalities and in religious and secular beliefs in early American,as well as the number of intermarriages between people of differing European heritages.There were also cross-racial births,sometimes voluntary and sometimes by force,but rarely within legal marriages.The population continued to grow through migration as well,driven in part by English,Irish,and German settlers who came in large numbers around 1848 to escape political repression and food shortages in Europe. 31.The American independence made all of the following leave the new country EXCEPT A.those who were hostile to the old colonialists B.pro-British colonialists loyal to the old political system C.those attempting to free themselves from slavery D.those who fled on account of economic problems caused by birth of the new nation 32.It can be inferred from the passage that A.slavery was soon abolished after the victory of the American Revolution B.people didn't enjoy freedom of settlement in the West before the Revolutionary War. C.native Americans moved abroad in large numbers during the War D.the western expression destroyed the environmental conditions in those areas 33.Which of the following stopped the influx()of Africans into the United States in the first decade of the 19th century? A.Large numbers of European immigrants B.Some smuggling slaves. C.Legislation by the government. D.Second-class citizens. 34.By the United States succeeded in obtaining vast land from other colonies during the 19th century. A.military action and re-settlement B.negotiations and re-settlement C.military action and negotiations D.negotiations and industrialization 35.Implied,but not directly stated,is the fact that in early America. A.there appeared to be many diverse nationalities B.numerous different religious existed C.marriages between European descendants were commonplace D.marriages between different races were not encouraged or accepted Passage 4(questions 36-40) Read the following passage,and decide whether the statements are T(True)or F(False). Write your answers against the numbers on your Answer Sheet. The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable.It is unprecedented( in several way:by the increasing number of users of the language:by its depth of penetration into societies;by its range of functions. Worldwide over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status.One out of five of the world's population speaks English with some degree of competence.And by the year 2000 one in five over one billion people-will also be learning English.Over 70%of the world's

groups. Sometimes these territories were added by diplomacy, sometimes by brute force(强力). European visitors were surprised at the diversity(差异，多样性) in nationalities and in religious and secular beliefs in early American, as well as the number of intermarriages between people of differing European heritages. There were also cross-racial births, sometimes voluntary and sometimes by force, but rarely within legal marriages. The population continued to grow through migration as well, driven in part by English, Irish, and German settlers who came in large numbers around 1848 to escape political repression and food shortages in Europe. 31. The American independence made all of the following leave the new country EXCEPT _________. A. those who were hostile to the old colonialists B. pro-British colonialists loyal to the old political system C. those attempting to free themselves from slavery D. those who fled on account of economic problems caused by birth of the new nation 32. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. slavery was soon abolished after the victory of the American Revolution B. people didn’t enjoy freedom of settlement in the West before the Revolutionary War. C. native Americans moved abroad in large numbers during the War D. the western expression destroyed the environmental conditions in those areas 33. Which of the following stopped the influx(流入) of Africans into the United States in the first decade of the 19th century? A. Large numbers of European immigrants B. Some smuggling slaves. C. Legislation by the government. D. Second-class citizens. 34. By ________, the United States succeeded in obtaining vast land from other colonies during the 19th century. A. military action and re-settlement B. negotiations and re-settlement C. military action and negotiations D. negotiations and industrialization 35. Implied, but not directly stated, is the fact that _____ in early America. A. there appeared to be many diverse nationalities B. numerous different religious existed C. marriages between European descendants were commonplace D. marriages between different races were not encouraged or accepted Passage 4 (questions 36—40) Read the following passage, and decide whether the statements are T (True) or F (False). Write your answers against the numbers on your Answer Sheet. The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. It is unprecedented(空前的) in several way: by the increasing number of users of the language: by its depth of penetration into societies; by its range of functions. Worldwide over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the world’s population speaks English with some degree of competence. And by the year 2000 one in five over one billion people—will also be learning English. Over 70% of the world’s

scientists read English.About 85%of the world's mail is written in English.By 2010,the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers.This trend will certainly affect the language. English is used for more purposes than ever before.Vocabularies,grammatical forms,and ways of speaking and writing have emerged influenced by technological and scientific developments,.economics and management,literature and entertainment genres(类型，流派).What began some 1,500 years ago as a rude language,originally spoken by obscure Germanic tribes who invaded England,now encompassed the globe. When Mexican pilots land their airplanes in France,they and the ground controllers use English.When German physicists want to alert the international scientific community to new discoveries they first publish their findings in English.When Japanese executives conduct business with Scandinavian entrepreneurs,they negotiate in English.When pop singers write their songs,they often use lyrics()or phrases in English.When demonstrations want to alert the world to their problems,they display signs in English. Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English:English usage in science, technology and commerce;the ability to incorporate vocabulary from other languages,and the acceptability(可接受性)of various English dialects.. 36.The global spread of English was completed 40 years ago. 37.By 2010,there will be more native speakers of English than second or foreign language speakers of English. 38.A pilot from Mexico will use English when landing his aircraft in France. 39.English continues to spread for at least three different reasons. 40.Over 85%of the world's scientists read English. Part III Writing Test(20 points) Write short notes according to what you have learned in the course.(10 points for each one) 1.Please explain the style of science English. 2.What would you say to someone who thinks that some languages are harsh and ugly or primitive and illogical? 1029 中央广播电视大学2006一2007学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试英语专业变化中的英语试题答案

scientists read English. About 85% of the world’s mail is written in English. By 2010, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers. This trend will certainly affect the language. English is used for more purposes than ever before. Vocabularies, grammatical forms, and ways of speaking and writing have emerged influenced by technological and scientific developments, economics and management, literature and entertainment genres(类型，流派). What began some 1,500 years ago as a rude language, originally spoken by obscure Germanic tribes who invaded England, now encompassed the globe. When Mexican pilots land their airplanes in France, they and the ground controllers use English. When German physicists want to alert the international scientific community to new discoveries they first publish their findings in English. When Japanese executives conduct business with Scandinavian entrepreneurs, they negotiate in English. When pop singers write their songs, they often use lyrics(歌词) or phrases in English. When demonstrations want to alert the world to their problems, they display signs in English. Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in science, technology and commerce; the ability to incorporate vocabulary from other languages; and the acceptability(可接受性) of various English dialects. 36. The global spread of English was completed 40 years ago. 37. By 2010, there will be more native speakers of English than second or foreign language speakers of English. 38. A pilot from Mexico will use English when landing his aircraft in France. 39. English continues to spread for at least three different reasons. 40. Over 85% of the world’s scientists read English. Part III Writing Test (20 points) Write short notes according to what you have learned in the course. (10 points for each one) 1. Please explain the style of science English. 2. What would you say to someone who thinks that some languages are harsh and ugly or primitive and illogical? 1029 中央广播电视大学 2006—2007 学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试英语专业变化中的英语试题答案