《大学英语》课程教学资源（第二册）课程电子教案

《大学英语 2》课程基本信息《大学英语 2》教学进度计划表第一周 Unit 1 Ways of Learning 预习课文第二周 Unit 1 Ways of Learning Unit 2 Values 复述课文听写第三周 Unit 2 Values 作文第四周 Unit 3 The Generation Gap 预习课文第五周 Unit 3 The Generation Gap Unit 4 The Virtual World 复述课文听写第六周 Unit 4 The Virtual World 作文讨论第七周 Mid-Term Revision 预习课文第八周 Unit 5 Overcoming Obstacles 复述课文听写第九周 Unit 5 Overcoming Obstacles Unit 6 Women, Half the Sky 作文第十周 Unit 6 Women, Half the Sky 预习课文第十一周 Unit 7 Learning about English 复述课文翻译第十二周 Unit 7 Learning about English Unit 8 Protecting Our Environment 讨论第十三周 Unit 8 Protecting Our Environment 第十四周 General Revision 第十五周 General Revision

团购合买资源类别：文库，文档格式：DOC，文档页数：75，文件大小：536KB

Unit 1 Ways of learning . Teaching Plan (5 periods) Objectives Students will be able to 1. grasp the main idea(that it would be ideal if we can strike a balance between the Chinese and the Western learning styles )and structure of the text(introduction of the topic by an anecdote elaboration by comparison and contrast--conclusion by a uggestion) 2. appreciate the difference between comparison and contrast, as well as different ways to compare and contrast (point by point method or one-side-at-a-time method ) 3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text 4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit Time allotment Ist period eriod Pre-read ing; While-reading While-reading Post-reading Check on students While-reading(Paras 6-13)(Paras 6-13(Debate, home reading(Text (Paras. 1-5) continued Exercises)B): Theme-related Paras 14 Pre-reading tasks 1.Tasks Ss the following questions. The first is based on the song. Teach Your Children (Minutes According to the song, who should teach whom? Is learning a one-way street? (Parents and children should teach each other and learn from each other. Learning is a two-way interaction. Can you guess what the theme of this unit, ways of learning, refers to?( Different people have different learning styles 2 Ss listen to the following quotation from《文汇读书周报》(2001年12月1日第一版”自主教育:“管”还是“不管”) take some notes and then t will invite some ss to summarize in English how Chen Yu huas parents handle her education 本由中国经济出版社推出的《千万别管孩子一一自主教育哈佛启示录》的书近来极为畅销,问世才一月,在全国销售量已达到20余万册。其所倡导的“自主教育”理念在教育界引发争议。不少读者反映这本书最初吸引他们的是出挑的书名一一"千万别管孩子气难道真的应当对孩子的教育放任自流?看了书后才明白,该书所强调的,其实并非让家长“剔管”孩子恰恰是,“怎么去管”这个老问题。但它鲜明地提出了"自主教育理念切中了社会热点。该书主人公陈宇华的父母在讲述教育经验时说虽然他们常说"从来没管过她。其实,他们一直在管她而管的内容就是反复提醒孩子的自我意识让她认识到自己才是教育的主体,一切要靠自己的努力才会成功老师家长则仅仅起辅导作用。这正是自主教育的精髓所在

Unit 1 Ways of Learning I. Teaching Plan (5 periods) Objectives Students will be able to: 1. grasp the main idea (that it would be ideal if we can strike a balance between the Chinese and the Western learning styles) and structure of the text (introduction of the topic by an anecdote elaboration by comparison and contrast--conclusion by a suggestion) 2. appreciate the difference between comparison and contrast, as well as different ways to compare and contrast (point by point method or one-side-at-a-time method); 3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; 4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit. Time allotment 1 st period 2 nd period 3 rd period 4 th period 5 th period Pre-reading; While-reading (Paras. 1-5) While-reading (Paras 6-13) While-reading (Paras 6-13 continued; Paras 14) Post-reading (Debate; Exercises) Check on students’ home reading (Text B); Theme-related language learning tasks Pre-reading tasks 1.T asks Ss the following questions. The first is based on the song. Teach Your Children: (5minutes ) According to the song, who should teach whom? Is learning a one -way street?(Parents and children should teach each other and learn from each other. Learning is a two-way interaction.) Can you guess what the theme of this unit, ways of learning, refers to? (Different people have different learning styles) 2. Ss listen to the fo11owing quotation from《文汇读书周报》(2001 年 12 月 1 日第一版,"自主教育:“管”还是“不管”?) take some notes and then T will invite some Ss to summarize in English how Chen Yu hua’s parents handle her education. 一本由中国经济出版社推出的《千万别管孩子一一自主教育哈佛启示录》的书近来极为畅销，问世才一月,在全国销售量已达到 20 余万册。其所倡导的“自主教育”理念在教育界引发争议。不少读者反映,这本书最初吸引他们的是出挑的书名一一"千万别管孩子气难道真的应当对孩子的教育放任自流?看了书后才明白,该书所强调的,其实并非让家长“剔管” 孩子,恰恰是，“怎么去管”这个老问题。但它鲜明地提出了"自主教育" 理念,切中了社会热点。该书主人公陈宇华的父母在讲述教育经验时说,虽然他们常说"从来没管过她。“其实,他们一直在管她,而管的内容,就是反复提醒孩子的自我意识,让她认识到自己才是教育的主体,一切要靠自己的努力,才会成功,老师家长则仅仅起辅导作用。这正是自主教育的精髓所在……

(possible summary: They let her learn independently and seek out knowledge actively hey may help during the process, but don't expect to spoon-feed her with knowledge. )(15minutes) T may lead in to Text a by ng: As you may have noticed from the book title 《千万别管孩子一一自主教育哈佛启示录》, Chen yuhua' s parents hold quite a western view on child education. They disagree with many other mom trad itional parents. In Text A, Howard Gardner made a detailed comparison between Chinese and Western attitudes toward learning. (2minutes) While-reading tasks Skimming(15minutes) 1)SS Sum Paras 1-5and be ready to answer the following questions Where and when did the incident take place? (Jinling Hotel in Nanjing, spring 198 Who are the main characters in this incident? (author, his wife Ellen their son Benjamin, hotel staff) What is the attitude of the author and his wife toward Benjamin,'s efforts in inserting the key into the slot? (They let him explore and enjoy himself. What is the attitude of the hotel staff toward Benjamins efforts? (They held his hand and taught him how to insert the key correctly. 2)T asks some S pairs to report to the class, one asking the above questions and the other provid ing the answers 3Ttells Ss that there are many ways of introducing a topic(see Text analysis). Ss will decide which way is adopted by Howard gardner 2. T explains language points from Para Ito Para 5, and gives Ss practice Language Study).(15minutes) 3. T guides Ss through the directions for Text Organization Exercise 2and Writin strategy. Then Ss scan the first sentence of both Para 6and Para 7, and decide what method of comparison and contrast is used here (one-side-at-a-time method). (81 4. T explains language points from Para 6to Para 10, and gives Ss practice(see Language Study )(15minutes) 5. Ss sum up the contrast between Chinese and Western ways tolearn to fulfill a task (the Chinese show a child how to do something, or teach by hold ing his hand the Western teach a child to rely on himself for solutions to problems). (5minutes) 6.SS scan from Para 1loPara 13, then answer the following questions: ( 5minutes) Can you find words like"Chinese and"Westerner"or"American"or"the West in each ph (ye What method of comparison and contrast is used here? (point-by-point method) 7.T explains language points in these paragraphs and gives SS practice(see Language Study ).(20minutes) 8.Ss sum up the contrast between the Chinese and the Western attitudes toward creativity and basic skills-(me Chinese give prior ity to developing skills at m early age, believing that creativity can be promoted over time, the Westerners put more emphasis on fostering creativ ity in young children, thinking that skills cm be picked up later. )(5minutes) 9.T explains language points in Paral4and gives Ss practice(see Language study (Minutes) 10.T tells Ss that there are many ways of concluding an essay(see Text analysis). Ss

(possible summary: They let her learn independently and seek out knowledge actively. They may help during the process, but don't expect to spoon-feed her with knowledge.)(15minutes) 3. T may lead in to Text A by saying: As you may have noticed from the book title 《千万别管孩子一一自主教育哈佛启示录》,Chen Yuhua’s parents hold quite a western view on child education. They disagree with many other mom traditional parents. In Text A, Howard Gardner made a detailed comparison between Chinese and Western attitudes toward learning.(2minutes) While-reading tasks 1 .Skimming (15minutes) 1) SS Sum Paras 1-5and be ready to answer the following questions: Where and when did the incident take place?(Jinling Hotel in Nanjing, spring 1987) Who are the main characters in this incident?(author, his wife Ellen their son Benjamin, hotel staff) What is the attitude of the author and his wife toward Benjamin's efforts in inserting the key into the slot?(They let him explore and enjoy himself.) What is the attitude of the hotel staff toward Benjamin’s efforts?(They held his hand and taught him how to insert the key correctly.) 2) T asks some S pairs to report to the class, one asking the above questions and the other providing the answers. 3)T tells Ss that there are many ways of introducing a topic (see Text Analysis).Ss will decide which way is adopted by Howard Gardner.· 2.T explains language points from Para 1to Para 5,and gives Ss practice Language Study). (15minutes) 3.T guides Ss through the directions for Text Organization Exercise 2and Writing strategy. Then Ss scan the first sentence of both Para 6and Para 7,and decide what method of comparison and contrast is used here (one-side-at-a-time method).(8minutes) 4.T explains language points from Para 6to Para 10,and gives SS practice (see Language Study) (15minutes) 5.Ss sum up the contrast between Chinese and Western ways t01earn to fulfill a task (the Chinese show a child how to do something, or teach by holding his hand; the Western teach a child to rely on himself for solutions to problems).(5minutes) 6.SS scan from Para 11ωPara 13,then answer the following questions:(5minutes) Can you find words like "Chinese" and " Westerner" or "American" or "the West in each paragraph?(yes) What method of comparison and contrast is used here?(point-by-point method) 7.T explains language points in these paragraphs and gives SS practice (see Language Study). (20minutes) 8.Ss sum up the contrast between the Chinese and the Western attitudes toward creativity and basic skills-(me Chinese give priority to developing skills at m early age, believing that creativity can be promoted over time; the Westerners put more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking that skills cm be picked up later.)(5minutes) 9.T explains language points in Para14and gives SS practice (see Language study (5minutes) 10.T tells SS that there are many ways of concluding an essay (see Text Analysis).SS

decide which way is used in this essay (5minutes) Post-reading task 1. Debate: Should we develop childrens creativity first or train them in basic skills first? (30 minutes) 1)Ss divide into two groups, one taking the side of creativity first, another taking the Side of basic skills first 2)In each group, Ss further divide into smaller groups of three to four, brainstorming arguments examples\ statistics\ quotes etc. in support of their viewpoint, as ell as those that could be used to refute the other sid 3)Debate begins, with T acting as moderator 2.T guides Ss through several after-text exercises (20minutes) 3.T checks on Ss, home reading (Text BL(minutes) 4.Ss do Part Iv: Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks (period) 5.T asks Ss to prepare the next unit: ( 2minutes) I do the pre-reading task 2)preview Text A IL. Text analysis An essay is usually made up of three parts: a beginning where the topic is introduced the body part where the topic is elaborated on, and a conclusion Besides stating the topic directly, there are many other ways to introduce a In this text. an anecdote or an incident is used. The author of Text A. unit I( What Animals Really Think )introduces his topic by posing a question: " Do animals all have thoughts, what we call consciousness? "Text B, Unit 3, Book 1(How to Make Sense out of Science )begins by quoting newspaper headlines New Drugs Kill Cancer Devastation by El Nino ---a Warning 6: 30p. m. October 26, 2028: Could This Be the deadline for the a pocalypse Text B of this unit, children and Money, begins with an imagined argument between a Child and his parent over the control of pocket money. Discover other forms of introduction as you read on. However, the mope important point is that you should learn to vary your own Writing by adopting various types of topic introduction Without a conclusion, an essay lacks a sense of completeness. A conclusion may be a restatement of the main points previously mentioned, a proposed solution, a quotation from some book or person, a prediction of future developments, a suggestion for further study, etc. Text B, Unit 3, Bookl ends by giving a simile, comparing scientific research to maountain climbing, "a process filled with d isappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead- "In this text, Howard Gardner makes a suggestion in the form of a question II. Cultural notes 1. Education in the west: There is no common agreement in the West concerning the best method of education. a variety of views can be found among parents, teacher and students. Indeed, it might be argued that it is this very existence of contending points of view that is characteristic of western education. This can be seen as fa back as in the work of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, who encouraged his students to question everything, even their most fundamental beliefs. Yet even then there was no general agreement that this was the best way to teach. Socrates, after 1, was condemned to death by his fellow citizens for corrupting the morals of the

decide which way is used in this essay(5minutes) Post-reading tasks 1.Debate:Should we develop children's creativity first or train them in basic skills first?(30 minutes) 1)SS divide into two groups, one taking the side of creativity first, another taking the side of basic skills first. 2)In each group, Ss further divide into smaller groups of three to four, brainstorming arguments examples\ statistics\ quotes \ etc. in support of their viewpoint, as well as those that could be used to refute the other side. 3)Debate begins, with T acting as moderator. 2.T guides SS through several after-text exercises.(20minutes) 3.T checks on Ss, home reading (Text BL(3minutes) 4.Ss do Part Iv: Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks.(1period) 5.T asks Ss to prepare the next unit:(2minutes) 1)do the pre-reading task; 2)preview Text A. II. Text Analysis An essay is usually made up of three parts: a beginning where the topic is introduced; the body part where the topic is elaborated on, and a conclusion. Besides stating the topic directly, there are many other ways to introduce a theme. In this text, an anecdote or an incident is used. The author of Text A, Unit 6,Book 1(What Animals Really Think)introduces his topic by posing a question: "Do animals a11 have thoughts, what we call consciousness?" Text B, Unit 3,Book 1(How to Make Sense out of Science)begins by quoting newspaper headlines: "New Drugs Kill Cancer Devastation by El Nino ----a Warning 6:30p.m.October 26,2028:Could This Be the Deadline for the Apocalypse?" Text B of this unit, children and Money, begins with an imagined argument between a Child and his parent over the control of pocket money. Discover other forms of introduction as you read on. However, the mope important point is that you should learn to vary your own Writing by adopting various types of topic introduction. Without a conclusion, an essay lacks a sense of completeness. A conclusion may be a restatement of the main points previously mentioned, a proposed solution , a quotation from some book or person, a prediction of future developments, a suggestion for further study, etc. Text B, Unit 3, Book1 ends by giving a simile, comparing scientific research to maountain climbing, "a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead-"In this text, Howard Gardner makes a suggestion in the form of a question. III. Cultural Notes 1. Education in the west: There is no common agreement in the West concerning the best method of education. A variety of views can be found among parents, teachers and students. Indeed, it might be argued that it is this very existence of contending points of view that is characteristic of western education. This can be seen as far back as in the work of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, who encouraged his students to question everything, even their most fundamental beliefs. Yet even then there was no general agreement that this was the best way to teach. Socrates, after all, was condemned to death by his fellow citizens for corrupting the morals of the

young by his way of teaching. Many later periods of Western history were no more tolerant of encouraging students to challengetad itional beliefs: Darwin,'s theory of evolution, for example, was for a time banned from schools in some American states on the grounds of religious belief. Much of the current debate over education surrounds the extent to which learning should be teacher -based or student-based Which of the two should decide what should be learned how it should be learned and when it should be learned? Comparing Western and Asian methods of learning it is generally true that Western methods are more student-centred, expecting students to discover things for themselves rather than relying on their teachers to tell thul 1 An extreme version of the student-centred approach can be seen at Summer hill, a school in England established by the educationalist AS Neill-1llerechildrenhavecompletefreedomtodecide what they are going to learn and which lessons they will attend. If they wish they need not attend my at all Mainstream education in England is far more strict demand ing that children attend lessons and follow a national curriculum. This curriculum and the importance of achieving good exam results tend to reinforce a more teacher-centred approach, as both teachers and students find the pressure of time leaves less opportunity for m exploratory approach to learning The extent to which learning is teacher-centred or student-centred also dep a trend in the teaching of mathematics in school classrooms in England away nds on differences between subjects. In recent years, for example, there has from having pupils work on their own or in small groups back towards a more traditional approach, with the teacher guid ing the entire class step-by-step through a lesson. nl is followed research that suggested that, as far as maths was concerned a more teacher-centred method was more effective 2. Standing on the shoulders of giants: a well-known phrase, frequently employed by inventors to express modesty about their achievements. The suggestion is that while they have been able to see further than those who came before them, it is not because they themselves are intellectual giants. Rather it is because they have been able to build upon the accumulated discoveries of their great predecessors TextA Learning, Chinese-style 1. attach: fasten or join(one thing to another)(used in the pattern: attach sth to sth Examples: Scientists discovered they could measure wind speed by attaching a wind meter to a kite and sending it up Attached to this letter you will find a copy of the document you asked for. 四级大纲中动词后跟to的类似词组还有 adapt.to使适应于 belong to属于 d.to加到.上向…挑战,要求(比 adjust.to(使)适应于赛、决斗等) admit to承认向…传达 agree to同意(某一建议、安排等) compare.to把.比作 amount to总计达,相当于,等于 confess to承认,忏悔 apologize to向(某人道歉 confine..to把制在 appeal to向……呼吁;诉诸于 consent to同意,答应对有吸引力 contribute to捐献,捐赠;有助于 apply to向(某人)请 correspond to相当于;相符,符合 attend to处理,料理;照顾,照料 devote.to为…而奉献

young by his way of teaching. Many later periods of Western history were no more tolerant of encouraging students to cha11engetaditional beliefs :Darwin's theory of evolution, for example, was for a time banned from schools in some American states on the grounds of religious belief. Much of the current debate over education surrounds the extent to which learning should be teacher-based or student-based. Which of the two should decide what should be learned, how it should be learned, and when it should be learned? Comparing Western and Asian methods of learning it is generally true that Western methods ,are more student-centred, expecting students to discover things for themselves rather than relying on their teachers to tell thuI1·An extreme version of the student-centred approach can be seen at Summer hill, a school in England established by the educationalist AS.Neill-111erechildrenhavecompletefreedomtodecide what they are going to learn and which lessons they will attend. If they wish they need not attend my at all. Mainstream education in England is far more strict, demanding that children attend lessons and follow a national curriculum. This curriculum and the importance of achieving good exam results tend to reinforce a more teacher-centred approach, as both teachers and students find the pressure of time leaves less opportunity for m exploratory approach to learning. The extent to which learning is teacher-centred or student-centred also depends on differences between subjects. In recent years, for example, there has been a trend in the teaching of mathematics in school classrooms in England away from having pupils work on their own or in small groups back towards a more traditional approach, with the teacher guiding the entire class step-by-step through a lesson.η1is followed research that suggested that, as far as maths was concerned, a more teacher-centred method was more effective. 2. Standing on the shoulders of giants: a well-known phrase, frequently employed by inventors to express modesty about their achievements. The suggestion is that while they have been able to see further than those who came before them, it is not because they themselves are intellectual giants. Rather it is because they have been able to build upon the accumulated discoveries of their great predecessors. Text A Learning, Chinese-Style 1. attach: fasten or join (one thing to another) (used in the pattern: attach sth. to sth.) Examples: Scientists discovered they could measure wind speed by attaching a wind meter to a kite and sending it up. Attached to this letter you will find a copy of the document you asked for. 四级大纲中动词后跟 to 的类似词组还有： adapt…to 使适应于 add…to 加到……上 adjust…to(使) 适应于 admit to 承认 agree to 同意(某一建议、安排等) amount to 总计达, 相当于, 等于 apologize to 向(某人)道歉 appeal to 向…… 呼吁; 诉诸于; 对……有吸引力 apply to 向(某人)申请 attend to 处理, 料理; 照顾, 照料 belong to 属于 challenge…to 向……挑战, 要求(比赛、决斗等) communicate…to 向……传达 compare…to 把……比作 confess to 承认, 忏悔 confine…to 把……限制在 consent to 同意, 答应 contribute to 捐献, 捐赠; 有助于 correspond to 相当于; 相符, 符合 devote…to 为……而奉献

entitle..to给.权利(或资格) reply to对作出回答 lead to(路等通向;导致 resort to诉诸,求助于 limit..to把..限制到 respond to回答,响应 object to反对 see to处理 occur to被想到,出现在脑海中 stick to坚持;忠于,信守 owe..to把功于 subject to使遭受,使服从 prefer.to喜欢胜过 submit to服从,听从 propose to向……求婚 surrender to投降,屈服 react to对.作出反应 turn to找(某人寻求帮助等) refer to提到,涉及;查阅,参考 yield to投降,让步 relate to有关,涉及 2. not in the least: not at all Examples; I am not in the least touched by the Marilyn Monroe kind of beauty Ann didn,'t seem in the least concerned about her study 3. find one 's way: reach a destination naturally; arrive at Examples: Shanghai is not an easy city to find your way around Drunk as he was, Peter still found his way home Similar phrases struggle one's way; elbow one's way; make one's way; push one's way, etc 4. phenomenon:(pl. phenomena) sth that happens or exists and that can be seen or experienced Examples: Hurricanes are a relatively common phenomenon in the Caribbean Stress-related illness is a common phenomenon in big cities Thunder and lightening are natural phenomena 5. Initial: of or at the beginning, first(ad., used only before n) Examples: If a car suddenly pulls out in of you, your initial reaction may include fear and anger Their initial burst of enthusiasm d ied down when they realized how much work the job involved 6. assist: help(used in the pattern: assist sb to do sth, assist sb with sth Examples: The professor was assisting his students to prepare their project The college student decided to assist the boy with his study Word choice: help, assist, give/lend a hand, help out, come to sb s aid/assistance, aid, give/send aid Help and assist can both describe people or institutions helping each other de ob. However, assist is more formal and often suggests that the person assisting is My company assists businesses in all their office cleaning requirements You will assist the administrative officer with day-to-day organization informal English use give/ lend a hand or help out especially where there is something practical to do and not enough people to do it you gn I sometimes lend a hand /help out at eh old folks home If someone is in danger or trouble, you may help them or more formally come to their aid/ assistance If you get into difficulties, the lifeguard will come to your assistance If a person, charity, or government helps with money or other necessary thing

entitle…to 给……权利(或资格) lead to(路等)通向; 导致 limit…to 把……限制到 object to 反对 occur to 被想到, 出现在脑海中 owe…to 把……归功于 prefer…to 喜欢……胜过…… propose to 向……求婚 react to 对……作出反应 refer to 提到, 涉及; 查阅, 参考 relate to 有关, 涉及 reply to 对……作出回答 resort to 诉诸, 求助于 respond to 回答, 响应 see to 处理 stick to 坚持; 忠于, 信守 subject to 使遭受, 使服从 submit to 服从, 听从 surrender to 投降, 屈服 turn to 找(某人寻求帮助等) yield to 投降, 让步 2. not in the least: not at all Examples; I am not in the least touched by the Marilyn Monroe kind of beauty. Ann didn't seem in the least concerned about her study. 3. find one's way: reach a destination naturally; arrive at Examples: Shanghai is not an easy city to find your way around. Drunk as he was, Peter still found his way home. Similar phrases: struggle one’s way; elbow one’s way; make one’s way; push one’s way, etc. 4. phenomenon: (pl. phenomena) sth. that happens or exists and that can be seen or experienced Examples: Hurricanes are a relatively common phenomenon in the Caribbean. Stress-related illness is a common phenomenon in big cities. Thunder and lightening are natural phenomena. 5. Initial: of or at the beginning, first (adj., used only before n.) Examples: If a car suddenly pulls out in front of you, your initial reaction may include fear and anger. Their initial burst of enthusiasm died down when they realized how much work the job involved. 6. assist: help (used in the pattern: assist sb. to do sth., assist sb. with sth.) Examples: The professor was assisting his students to prepare their project. The college student decided to assist the boy with his study. Word choice: help, assist, give/lend a hand, help out, come to sb’s aid/assistance, aid, give/send aid Help and assist can both describe people or institutions helping each other do a job. However, assist is more formal and often suggests that the person assisting is doing a simple or unimportant part of what has to be done, e.g. My company assists businesses in all their office cleaning requirements. You will assist the administrative officer with day-to-day organization. In more informal English people often use give/ lend a hand or help out, especially where there is something practical to do and not enough people to do it: Can you give me a hand with the drinks? I sometimes lend a hand / help out at eh old folk’s home. If someone is in danger or trouble, you may help them or more formally come to their aid/ assistance: My car’s broken down, can you help? If you get into difficulties, the lifeguard will come to your assistance. If a person, charity, or government helps with money or other necessary things

aid(formal)or often give/send aid may be used help would be used informal Many projects are aided by Oxfam Aid will be sent to the area as soon as possible Please help the homeless 7. insert: put, fit, place(in, into, between) Examples: Wait for a couple of minutes with your mouth closed before inserting the thermometer The doctor carefully inserted the needle into my left arm 8. somewhat: to some degree, a little examples It is reported that conditions in the village have improved somewhat sinc November Are you concerned about your exam results? "Somewhat 9. await: (fiml) wait for Await is a fairly common word in formal writing, but you do not usually use it in conversation. Instead you use"wait for. Examples We must await the results of field stud ies yet to come After I sent the letter asking for a job, I had nothing to do but await the answer 10. on occasion now and then Examples. I was usually the only foreign participant, although on occasion I brought other Americans in as guests Steve spent almost all his time doing his research, but, on occasion, he would take his son to see a film 11. neglect: give too little attention or care to Examples: He gave too much attention to his career, working long hours and neglecting his wife Their investment turned out to be a failure and the manager was accused of neglecting his duties Cf. ignore: pay no attention to sb /sth. on purpose, or as if sth. has not happened Example: I said"Good morning"to her, but she just ignored me and walked on 12. relevant: d irectly connected with the subject(followed by to, opposite irrelevant) Examples Only a few people feel the debate about the cloning of human beings is relevant to their daily lives While writing my term paper I was able to borrow all the relevant books from the 13. investiga te try to find out information about (used in the pattern: investiga te sth investigate wh-clause) Examples Police are still investigating how the car accident happened We can assure you that your complaint will be fully and properly investigated 14. exception: sb /sth. that a comment or statement does not apply to examples Normally, parents arent allowed to sit in on the classes, but in your case we can an ex cepti We feel that all the students in this class, with one or two exceptions, support the educational reforms We ithout exception all our youngsters wanted to leave school and start work en you are mentioning an exception, you often use the expression with the exception of Example: We all went to see the film, with the exception of otto, who complained of feeling unwell

aid (formal) or often give/ send aid may be used; help would be used informally: Many projects are aided by Oxfam. Aid will be sent to the area as soon as possible. Please help the homeless. 7. insert: put, fit, place (in, into, between) Examples: Wait for a couple of minutes with your mouth closed before inserting the thermometer. The doctor carefully inserted the needle into my left arm. 8. somewhat: to some degree, a little Examples: It is reported that conditions in the village have improved somewhat since November. ____ "Are you concerned about your exam results?" ____ "Somewhat." 9. await: (fml) wait for Await is a fairly common word in formal writing, but you do not usually use it in conversation. Instead you use "wait for." Examples: We must await the results of field studies yet to come. After I sent the letter asking for a job, I had nothing to do but await the answer. 10. on occasion: now and then Examples'. I was usually the only foreign participant, although on occasion I brought other Americans in as guests. Steve spent almost all his time doing his research, but, on occasion, he would take his son to see a film. 11. neglect: give too little attention or care to Examples: He gave too much attention to his career, working long hours and neglecting his wife. Their investment turned out to be a failure and the manager was accused of neglecting his duties. Cf.: ignore: pay no attention to sb./sth. on purpose, or as if sth. has not happened Example: I said "Good morning" to her, but she just ignored me and walked on. 12. relevant: directly connected with the subject (followed by to , opposite irrelevant) Examples: Only a few people feel the debate about the cloning of human beings is relevant to their daily lives. While writing my term paper I was able to borrow all the relevant books from the school library. 13. investigate: try to find out information about (used in the pattern: investigate sth., investigate + wh-clause) Examples: Police are still investigating how the car accident happened. We can assure you that your complaint will be fully and properly investigated. 14. exception: sb./sth. that a comment or statement does not apply to Examples: Normally, parents aren't allowed to sit in on the classes, but in your case we can make an exception. We feel that all the students in this class, with one or two exceptions, support the educational reforms. Without exception all our youngsters wanted to leave school and start work. When you are mentioning an exception, you often use the expression "with the exception of”. Example: We all went to see the film, with the exception of Otto, who complained of feeling unwell

15. on one's own: 1)without anyone's help Examples: You needn' t give me any help. I am able to manage on my own There are jobs your child can do on her own 2)alone xamples: The child was left on her own for hours as her mom had to deal with the emergency I'd rather not go to dance on my own. I do wish you'd come with me 四级大纲中以on开始的类似词组还有: on a large(sma) scale大(小)规 on sale出售;廉价出售模地 on schedule按时间表,准时 on account of由于,因为 thoughts经重新考虑,继 onan/ the average平均,通常而想 on behalf of代表,为了 tray正相反 on board在船(车、飞机)上 on the grounds of根据,以..理 on business因公,因事由 on cond ition that如果 on the point of即将.的时候 on duty当班,值班 on the road在旅途中,在…过程 on earth究竟,到底中 on fire起火,着火 on the side作为兼职,作为副业, on foot步行正事以外 on guard站岗,值班 n the spot在场,到场:马上,当 on hand在场,在手边场 on one's guard警惕,提防 on the whole总的来说,大体上 on purpose故意,有意 on time准时 16. accomplish: manage to do(sth xamples: Unless you practice you'll accomplish nothing Considering their capacity, the possibility of accomplishing the task is not high If I work hard, I think I can accomplish my goal of getting 6 A's at the end of the semester 17. in due course: at the proper time, eventually Examples. Your book will be published in due course Be patient. You'll get your promotion in due course 18. critical: 1)very important Examples; Environmentalists say a critical factor in the city's pollution is its opulation How well you accomplish this task will be critical to the success of your career. 2)very serious or dangerous Examples: In yesterday' s car accident, ten people were killed and five people are still in a critical cond ition As the situation in Afghanistan became critical, the UN Secretary-General appointed a special representative to tackle it 19. principal: adj. (rather fiml) main, chief Examples: The couple's principal concern is to earn enough money to send their children to school Her principal interest in life was to be a world-renowned pianist n. The principal of a school or college is the person in charge of it Example: Complaints from the students began arriving at the principal's office

15. on one's own: 1) without anyone's help Examples; You needn't give me any help. I am able to manage on my own. There are jobs your child can do on her own. 2) alone Examples: The child was left on her own for hours as her mom had to deal with the emergency. I'd rather not go to dance on my own. I do wish you'd come with me. 四级大纲中以 on 开始的类似词组还有: on a large (small) scale 大（小）规模地 on account of 由于，因为 on an/ the average 平均，通常 on behalf of 代表，为了 on board 在船（车、飞机）上 on business 因公，因事 on condition that 如果 on duty 当班，值班 on earth 究竟，到底 on fire 起火，着火 on foot 步行 on guard 站岗，值班 on hand 在场，在手边 on one’s guard 警惕，提防 on purpose 故意，有意 on sale 出售；廉价出售 on schedule 按时间表，准时 on second thoughts 经重新考虑，继而想 on the contrary 正相反 on the grounds of 根据，以……为理由 on the point of 即将……的时候 on the road 在旅途中，在……过程中 on the side 作为兼职，作为副业，正事以外 on the spot 在场，到场；马上，当场 on the whole 总的来说，大体上 on time 准时 16. accomplish: manage to do (sth.) Examples: Unless you practice you'll accomplish nothing. Considering their capacity, the possibility of accomplishing the task is not high. If I work hard, I think I can accomplish my goal of getting 6 A's at the end of the semester. 17. in due course: at the proper time; eventually Examples'. Your book will be published in due course. Be patient. You'll get your promotion in due course. 18. critical: 1) very important Examples; Environmentalists say a critical factor in the city's pollution is its population. How well you accomplish this task will be critical to the success of your career. 2) very serious or dangerous Examples: In yesterday's car accident, ten people were killed and five people are still in a critical condition. As the situation in Afghanistan became critical, the UN Secretary-General appointed a special representative to tackle it. 19. principal: adj. (rather fml) main, chief Examples; The couple's principal concern is to earn enough money to send their children to school. Her principal interest in life was to be a world-renowned pianist. n. The principal of a school or college is the person in charge of it. Example: Complaints from the students began arriving at the principal's office

Cf. principle(see Confusable Words p 16) a principle is a basic rule that explains or controls how something works or a guiding rule for behaviour Examples: These machines work on the same principle Mr. Ward is a man of high principles 20. make up for: repay with sth good, compensate for Examples'-I didnt travel much when I was younger, but I'm certainly making up for lost time now Her husband bought her a present to make up for quarreling with her the day before 21. in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon reflection Examples: The young man knew in retrospect that he should have married his first In retrospect, I wish that I had chosen biology as my major 四级大纲中以in开始的类似词组还有 in a sense从某种程度上,从某点上 in public公开地,当众看 In quantity大量怎样 y case/ event无论如何,不管 In question正在谈论的 in regard to关于,至于 in brief简单地说 in relation to有关,与..相比 In common共同的,共有的 In return作为报答 nsequence因此,结果 in sight看得见,被见到;在望,在 in debt欠债,欠情 in detail详细地 In step齐步,合拍:一致,协调 in difficulty处境困难 In tears流着泪,在哭着 ffect实际上,事实上 n the course of在期间, in favor of支持,赞成在.过程中 in general一般来说,大体上 the event of如果.发生,万 in hand在进行中,待办理 in the face of不顾,即使;在 in honor of为庆祝,为纪念前面 in itself本质上,就其本身而言 in the least丝毫,一点儿 in line成一条直线,成一排 in(the) light of鉴于,由于 in line with与致;与.符 in the way挡道,妨碍人的合 in the world究竟,到底 in memory of纪念 in touch联系,接触 In no case无论如何不,决不 In vain陡然,白费力 In no time立即,马上 In no way决不 in order按顺序,按次序;整齐 In part部分地 in particular特别,尤其 In person亲自,本人 in place在合适的位置 in place of代替,取代,交换在实践中,实际上 In proportion to与…成比例

Cf.: principle (see Confusable Words p.16 ) A principle is a basic rule that explains or controls how something works or a guiding rule for behaviour. Examples: These machines work on the same principle. Mr. Ward is a man of high principles. 20. make up for: repay with sth. good, compensate for Examples'- I didn't travel much when I was younger, but I'm certainly making up for lost time now. Her husband bought her a present to make up for quarreling with her the day before. 21. in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon reflection Examples: The young man knew in retrospect that he should have married his first love Emily. In retrospect, I wish that I had chosen biology as my major. 四级大纲中以 in 开始的类似词组还有: in a sense 从某种程度上，从某点上看 in any case/ event 无论如何，不管怎样 in brief 简单地说 in common 共同的，共有的 in consequence 因此，结果 in debt 欠债，欠情 in detail 详细地 in difficulty 处境困难 in effect 实际上，事实上 in favor of 支持，赞成 in general 一般来说，大体上 in hand 在进行中，待办理 in honor of 为庆祝，为纪念 in itself 本质上，就其本身而言 in line 成一条直线，成一排 in line with 与……一致；与……符合 in memory of 纪念 in no case 无论如何不，决不 in no time 立即，马上 in no way 决不 in order 按顺序，按次序；整齐 in part 部分地 in particular 特别，尤其 in person 亲自，本人 in place 在合适的位置 in place of 代替，取代，交换 in practice 在实践中，实际上 in proportion to 与……成比例 in public 公开地，当众 in quantity 大量 in question 正在谈论的 in regard to 关于，至于 in relation to 有关，与……相比 in return 作为报答 in sight 看得见，被见到；在望，在即 in step 齐步，合拍；一致，协调 in tears 流着泪，在哭着 in the course of 在 …… 期间 , 在……过程中 in the event of 如果……发生, 万一 in the face of 不顾, 即使; 在…… 前面 in the least 丝毫, 一点儿 in (the) light of 鉴于,由于 in the way 挡道, 妨碍人的 in the world 究竟, 到底 in touch 联系, 接触 in vain 陡然, 白费力

点击进入文档下载页（DOC格式）

共75页，可试读20页，点击继续阅读 ↓↓

点击下载（DOC格式）

浏览记录