芸芸视频QQ:74788097TL:02881942202推荐:09新东方公共课程 考研英语完型填空讲义 主讲:任治远 综述 总述“三五三十”;讲解1个“伎俩”和2个“技巧”。 ◎认知了解完型填空的大纲测试要求、文章特点、出题原则及规律、主要考点分布。 三五三十”:四个数字是我们课程的中心主线。 大纲测试要求:“完型填空主要测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力,即在阅读理解基础 上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力”。这就是“三大要求”。 特点: 1、首段首句不出题(240~290字)(每隔4-15个出一个空),有它的目的性和合理性 2、完型填空所写答案是最佳答案,而不是最正确答案。 3、普遍联系的观点解完型填空的每个题。(鸟笼思想,一个空的正确有时取决其它空。)这也就是01年为 什么考研考试取消了词汇语法题目和完型填空题目好于词汇语法题目的原因所在。四六级的考试也在效 仿这样的变化 4、体裁:(议论文,说明文为主,很少有记叙文)(94年开始语言、睡眠、维生素,98年的临时工、工业 革命发展。。。) 5、完美性 ①有一个明确的主题 ②有鲜明的态度,指的是非自然科学类文章 ③文章全是总分结构 测试要点 1、阅读能力 ①对文章整体把握和理解 ②上下段、上下句之间的逻辑关系 ③句子的内部结构(复杂句多),这是考研完型题目随着考研考试本身一起“变难”的地方 英语知识运用能力(正式名称) 1)结构识别一一语法能力(20%) 2)固定习语、搭配一一介词(10%) 3)词义辨析及使用(70%) 如何准备完型填空: 突破词汇关,尤其是常考词组,容易混淆的词。 熟悉历年真题。考查英语基础和水平,不能和出国考试同时。语 精读历年文章,分析文章作者态度和内在结构。 完型填空的发展规律 1-题型、数量变化,分值没有改变(大纲变化) 2000以前,150-180词,10分,10个空。 2001之后,240-280词,10分,20个空 2-难度增加 2000以前,所选文章难度适中,或者说偏易。 2001以后,文章难度向阅读理解靠拢,复杂句增多 3-题材
1 考研英语完型填空讲义 主讲：任治远 综 述 总述“三五三十”；讲解 1 个“伎俩”和 2 个“技巧”。 ◎认知了解完型填空的大纲测试要求、文章特点、出题原则及规律、主要考点分布。 “三五三十”：四个数字是我们课程的中心主线。 大纲测试要求：“完型填空主要测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解基础 上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力”。这就是“三大要求”。 特点： 1、 首段首句不出题（240～290 字）（每隔 4-15 个出一个空），有它的目的性和合理性； 2、 完型填空所写答案是最佳答案，而不是最正确答案。 3、 普遍联系的观点解完型填空的每个题。（鸟笼思想，一个空的正确有时取决其它空。）这也就是 01 年为 什么考研考试取消了词汇语法题目和完型填空题目好于词汇语法题目的原因所在。四六级的考试也在效 仿这样的变化。 4、 体裁：（议论文，说明文为主，很少有记叙文）（94 年开始语言、睡眠、维生素，98 年的临时工、工业 革命发展。。。） 5、 完美性 ① 有一个明确的主题 ② 有鲜明的态度，指的是非自然科学类文章 ③ 文章全是总分结构 测试要点 1、阅读能力 ① 对文章整体把握和理解 ② 上下段、上下句之间的逻辑关系 ③ 句子的内部结构（复杂句多），这是考研完型题目随着考研考试本身一起“变难”的地方 2、 英语知识运用能力（正式名称） 1）结构识别――语法能力（20%） 2）固定习语、搭配――介词（10%） 3）词义辨析及使用（70%） 如何准备完型填空： 突破词汇关，尤其是常考词组，容易混淆的词。 熟悉历年真题。考查英语基础和水平，不能和出国考试同时。语法。 精读历年文章，分析文章作者态度和内在结构。 完型填空的发展规律 1- 题型、数量变化，分值没有改变（大纲变化） 2000 以前，150-180 词，10 分，10 个空。 2001 之后，240-280 词，10 分，20 个空。 2- 难度增加 2000 以前，所选文章难度适中，或者说偏易。 2001 以后，文章难度向阅读理解靠拢，复杂句增多。 3- 题材
1997从科普类过渡到社会科学类,工农业、法律、信息、社会和青少年成长的话题 1992太空探索;1993建筑设计;1994语言使用:1995睡眠问题:1996维生素; 1997有关临时工的问题 1998有关如何评价工业革命的问题 1999有关如何实现安全生产的问题 2000有关农民实现经济自足的问题 2001有关限制媒体报道在法律审判中的影响的问题 2002有关人类信息社会发展过程的问题 2003有关如何帮助青少年适应变化的问题 2004有关青少年犯罪的主题 2005有关人类嗅觉的问题 2006有关无家可归者的问题。 4-2003年正式更名为“英语知识综合运用”错误选项干扰项较强,不易得分。 5-考点选项 年份虚词比例各种词汇比例 941/102名1动2形1副2代1动组1介 953/101名3动2形1动组1连1介1介组 961/101名3动2形3副1连组 974/10 名3动1形1副2连1介1连组 982/101名3动2形2副2介 名2动1形1副1动组1连1介 003/102名3动1形1副1介1连组1介组 015/201名7动4形3副1连4介 注,大纲样题。 015/204名10动1形2连1介1连组1介组 026/205名3动4形2副2连3介1介组 032/207名5动2形2副2副组1连1连组 045/205名6动2形1副1副组4连1介 055201名7动4形2副1副组2连1介1连组1介组 065202名8动1动组2形3副3连1介 时间 语法结构 义辨析 短语 1994年 1995年 1996年 0 3133 1997年 1998年 2 5676766 000 1999年 2000年 001年 2002年 2003年 0 2004年 2005年 34444 01012 2006年 从上面的两个表可以看出,词义辨析题在完形填空中占绝大多数,差不多是70%,最近的6套真题 里面实词考查也是达到了77%;其次是考查语法现象,结构识别在近三年来都是占到20%;介词选择 基本上是1~2个,只有1996年和2003年没有考介词题:短语也是1~2个,但有一半的年份没有考短 语辨析。 6-选项词汇特点 从选项中具体的词汇考虑,94~06年的13套题目里面的760选项一共考查了600个不同的单词(词 2
2 1997 从科普类过渡到社会科学类，工农业、法律、信息、社会和青少年成长的话题。 1992 太空探索；1993 建筑设计；1994 语言使用；1995 睡眠问题；1996 维生素； 1997 有关临时工的问题 1998 有关如何评价工业革命的问题 1999 有关如何实现安全生产的问题 2000 有关农民实现经济自足的问题 2001 有关限制媒体报道在法律审判中的影响的问题 2002 有关人类信息社会发展过程的问题 2003 有关如何帮助青少年适应变化的问题 2004 有关青少年犯罪的主题 2005 有关人类嗅觉的问题 2006 有关无家可归者的问题。 4- 2003 年正式更名为“英语知识综合运用”错误选项干扰项较强，不易得分。 5- 考点选项： 年份 虚词比例 各种词汇比例 94 1/10 2 名 1 动 2 形 1 副 2 代 1 动组 1 介 95 3/10 1 名 3 动 2 形 1 动组 1 连 1 介 1 介组 96 1/10 1 名 3 动 2 形 3 副 1 连组 97 4/10 1 名 3 动 1 形 1 副 2 连 1 介 1 连组 98 2/10 1 名 3 动 2 形 2 副 2 介 99 2/10 3 名 2 动 1 形 1 副 1 动组 1 连 1 介 00 3/10 2 名 3 动 1 形 1 副 1 介 1 连组 1 介组 01 5/20 1 名 7 动 4 形 3 副 1 连 4 介 注，大纲样题。 01 5/20 4 名 10 动 1 形 2 连 1 介 1 连组 1 介组 02 6/20 5 名 3 动 4 形 2 副 2 连 3 介 1 介组 03 2/20 7 名 5 动 2 形 2 副 2 副组 1 连 1 连组 04 5/20 5 名 6 动 2 形 1 副 1 副组 4 连 1 介 05 5/20 1 名 7 动 4 形 2 副 1 副组 2 连 1 介 1 连组 1 介组 06 5/20 2 名 8 动 1 动组 2 形 3 副 3 连 1 介 时间 介词 语法结构 词义辨析 短语 1994 年 1 3 5 1 1995 年 1 1 6 2 1996 年 0 3 7 0 1997 年 1 3 6 0 1998 年 2 1 7 0 1999 年 1 2 6 1 2000 年 1 2 6 0 2001 年 1 5 14 0 2002 年 2 3 14 1 2003 年 0 4 16 0 2004 年 1 4 14 1 2005 年 1 4 13 2 2006 年 1 4 14 1 从上面的两个表可以看出，词义辨析题在完形填空中占绝大多数，差不多是 70%，最近的 6 套真题 里面实词考查也是达到了 77％。；其次是考查语法现象，结构识别在近三年来都是占到 20%；介词选择 基本上是 1～2 个，只有 1996 年和 2003 年没有考介词题；短语也是 1~2 个，但有一半的年份没有考短 语辨析。 6- 选项词汇特点 从选项中具体的词汇考虑，94～06 年的 13 套题目里面的 760 选项一共考查了 600 个不同的单词(词
组),重复率近30%。这里的统计忽略了名词的单复数不同、忽略的动词的时态不同(例如 claimed和 claims)、也忽略了绝对的同源词汇(例如 admission和 admitted)。结果发现有下列单词不只一次出现: 出现2次的有 above、 admit、 against、 alter、and、any、 anything、 anyway、 approve、 apparent、asif、 assist、 assume、 aware、case、 change、 concept、 confide、 confined、 conviction、 create、 describe、 discover、 display、 dispose distinguish、 durable、 effect、 either、 enhance、even、 even if、 except that excess、 expense、few、 for example、 frequently、 fundamental、 hence、 identifiable、 immediate、 Improper、 indeed、 inference、 instant、 interpret、 maintain、make、 manifest、 means、 meanwhile、 message、 method、 neglect nevertheless、 notice、 obvious、off、 on average、or、 other than、out、 over、 popularity、 predict、 preliminary、 produce、 publicity.、 raise、 range、 rarely、 receive、 reduce、 reliable、 regulation、 required、 response、 sensitive search、 shift、 short、 so that、 something、some、 stand、sti、 subject such as、 supply、 survive、 sustain、take、 through、to、 tolerate、 toward track、 transfer、turn、 undertake、untl、upon。 一共103个词(词组),其中虚词只占18%。 出现3次的有: about、 available、 because、 before、 capacity、 claim、 differ expose、 general、诉f、 ignorIng、 incident、 now that、of、 offer、only if、 particular、 provide、 restriction、 similar unless、What When、 which、 while。 共26个词(词组),其中虚词占47% 出现4次的有 at、but、 however、 if only、if、 moreover、 stimulate、 therefore、 whereas。 共9个词(词组),其中虚词占67% 【以下的高频词汇,均为虚词。可见。。】 出现5次的有: although、by 出现6次的有:in。 出现7次的有:as、 sInce、on。 出现8次的只有:with。 出现9次的也只有:for。 从上面的数据我们可以看出绝大多数的实词不会高频出现,但是反复出现的实词也必须引起我们的足 够的重视和注意;而虚词出现的频率很高。 而从答案层面分析,我们仍然可以看出一些现象 against y"apparents available"frequently message nevertheless""nor"publication such a something""upon”14个词(词组)均出现过2次,每次都作为正确答案出现。 “ because”“ while"均出现过3次,每次都作为正确答案出现 而“ although"“but”“by"“ capacity"“ however”“ moreover”“of”“ offer” only if”“that"”“ which”“ whereas”这12个词出现的时候,作为正确答案的几率也很高 (超过和占到半数)。 而某些单词出现过3次或是很多,比如,“ about”“at"“ if only"“if"”“ now that"“ restrict” rovided”“ similar”“ sInce"“ stimulate”“ unless”“what”,但是从来都不作为正确答案 出现,我们是否可以认为这些词汇就是传说中的“绿叶词汇”或是“永陪选项”? 3
3 组)，重复率近 30％。这里的统计忽略了名词的单复数不同、忽略的动词的时态不同（例如 claimed 和 claims）、也忽略了绝对的同源词汇（例如 admission 和 admitted）。结果发现有下列单词不只一次出现： 出现 2 次的有： above、 admit、 against、 alter、 and、 any、 anything、 anyway、 approve、 apparent、 as if、 assist、 assume、 aware、 case、 change、 concept、 confide、 confined、 conviction、 create、 describe、discover、 display、 dispose、 distinguish、 durable、 effect、 either、 enhance、 even、 even if、 except that、 excess、expense、 few、 for example、 frequently、 fundamental、 hence、 identifiable、 immediate、 improper、 indeed、 inference、 instant、 interpret、 maintain、 make、 manifest、 means、 meanwhile、message、 method、 neglect、 nevertheless、 notice、 obvious、 off、 on average、 or、 other than、 out、 over、 popularity、 predict、 preliminary、 produce、 publicity、 raise、 range、 rarely、 receive、 reduce、 reliable、 regulation、 required、 response、 sensitive、 search、 shift、 short、 so that、something、 some、 stand、 still、 subject、 such as、 supply、 survive、 sustain、 take、 through、 to、 tolerate、 toward、 track、 transfer、 turn、 undertake、 until、 upon。 一共 103 个词（词组），其中虚词只占 18％。 出现 3 次的有： about、 available、 because、 before、 capacity、 claim、 differ、 expose、 general、 if、 ignoring、 incident、 now that、 of、 offer、 only if、 particular、 provide、 restriction、 similar、 so、 unless、 what、 when、 which、 while。 一共 26 个词（词组），其中虚词占 47％。 出现 4 次的有： at、 but、 however、 if only、 if、 moreover、 stimulate、 therefore、 whereas。 一共 9 个词（词组），其中虚词占 67％。 【以下的高频词汇，均为虚词。可见。。。】 出现 5 次的有：although、by。 出现 6 次的有：in。 出现 7 次的有：as、since、on。 出现 8 次的只有：with。 出现 9 次的也只有：for。 从上面的数据我们可以看出绝大多数的实词不会高频出现，但是反复出现的实词也必须引起我们的足 够的重视和注意；而虚词出现的频率很高。 而从答案层面分析，我们仍然可以看出一些现象： “against” “any” “apparent” “as if” “available” “frequently” “message” “nevertheless” “nor” “publication” “such as” “something” “upon” 14 个词（词组）均出现过 2 次，每次都作为正确答案出现。 “because”“while”均出现过 3 次，每次都作为正确答案出现。 而“although”“but”“by”“capacity”“however”“moreover”“of”“offer” “only if”“that”“which”“whereas”这 12 个词出现的时候，作为正确答案的几率也很高 （超过和占到半数）。 而某些单词出现过 3 次或是很多，比如，“about”“at”“if only”“if”“now that”“restrict” “provided”“similar”“since”“stimulate”“unless”“what”，但是从来都不作为正确答案 出现，我们是否可以认为这些词汇就是传说中的“绿叶词汇”或是“永陪选项”？
比较常见的几种逻辑关系 并列关系: and, and also, or, neither-nor, either-or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, tha is to say, as well as, same.as 递进关系 then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more 因果关系 because, for, since, as, thUs, hence, therefore, so, so(such) . that, consequently accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, be cause of, in that, in response to, with, for this reason, ead to,too…to 转折关系 but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while whereas, unlike, rather than instead of 让步关系 although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of 其他 列举关系:frst+- -second- last of all, first-then, to begin with- to continue/ /next, on one hand-on the other hand, for one thingfor another thing one-another, some-others-still others 举例关系: such as, for example, for instance, of these/ those/them, among these/ those/them,to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely 总结关系indl, in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, altogether, to sum up, to summarize,to conclude, to generalize, to put it in one word 历年真题 994年 The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of_ 42 breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener The words used by the speaker may _44 unfavorable reactions in the listener_45 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down 46 inaccurate or indefinite words may make- 47 difficult for the listener to understand the 48 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be_ 49 to explain or describe in a_50 _that can be understood by his listeners 41.[A]of B at 42. [] inaccessible [B] timely IC] likely Inv 43.A]encourages B pi IC] destroy D] offers 44.[A] pass out [B]take away ICI back up ID] stir up 45.A] whe [C] which D] what 46.[A] Moreover B]However [C] Preliminarily [D] Unexpectedly 47. (A)that [B] IC]so D] this 48.A] speech Sense IC] message [MEaning 49Alobscure b di
4 比较常见的几种逻辑关系： 并列关系: and, and also, or, neither…nor, either…or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same…as 递进关系: then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more 因果关系: because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so(such) … that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, in response to, with, for this reason, lead to, too…to 转折关系: but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of 让步关系: although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of 其他： 列举关系: first—second—last of all, first—then, to begin with—to continue/next, on one hand—on the other hand, for one thing—for another thing, one—another, some—others—still others 举例关系: such as, for example, for instance, of these/those/them, among these/those/them, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely 总结关系: in all, in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, altogether, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude, to generalize, to put it in one word 历年真题 1994 年 Passage 1 The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42 breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44 unfavorable reactions in the listener 45 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. 46 inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47 difficult for the listener to understand the 48 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50 that can be understood by his listeners. 41.[A] of [B] at [C] for [D] on 42.[A] inaccessible [B] timely [C] likely [D] invalid 43.[A] encourages [B] prevents [C] destroy [D] offers 44.[A] pass out [B] take away [C] back up [D] stir up 45.[A] who [B] as [C] which [D] what 46.[A] Moreover [B] However [C] Preliminarily [D] Unexpectedly 47.[A] that [B] it [C] so [D] this 48.[A] speech [B]sense [C] message [D] meaning 49.[A] obscure [B] difficult [C] impossible [D] unable
50.[A] case [B]means ID]way 1995年 Passage 2 Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep.- 41 kind of sleep is at all well understood, but REM Sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more The new experiments, such as these_ 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations of non-REM sleep For example, it has long been known that total sleep 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why bacterial infections of the blood,_ 50 their immune systems -the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed 41.AJ Either [B Neither [C] Each DJA 42.[A]intended [C] assumed DI inferred 43.[A] subtle IC] mysterious D] doubtful 44.A] maintained [B described [CI settled ID] afforded 45.[A] in the light B by virtue [C] with the exception [ D] for the purpose 46.[A]reduction [B destruction D] restriction 47.JUpon Bby IC] through D] with 48.[A] paid attention [B]caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on 49.[A] developed B]pI IC stimulated [D] induced 50.[A]if B]as if [C] only if [ D] if only 1996年 Passage 3 Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals including man. They do not provide energy do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 43 is missing a deficiency disease becomes Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements- usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. They are different their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 47 one or more specific functions in the body enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for vitamins. Many people,- 50 believe in being on the "safe side"and thus take extra vitamins. However, well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body,'s vitamin needs 41.LEither [ B]s [ D]never 42.A]shifting [B]transferring [CAntering [Transforming 43.[AJany Some IFAnything [Something 44.[A]serious B apparent 45.A mostly B partially [C]sometimes RArely 46.A Jin that [B so that IC]such that [EXcept that 5
5 50.[A] case [B] means [C]method [D]way 1995 年 Passage 2 Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 . The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep. For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems — the self-protecting mechanism against diseases — had crashed. 41.[A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any 42.[A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred 43.[A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful 44.[A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded 45.[A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose 46.[A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction 47.[A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with 48.[A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on 49.[A] developed [B] produced [C] stimulated [D] induced 50.[A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if only 1996 年 Passage 3 Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, 41 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 42 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 43 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 44 . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements — usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 45 nitrogen. They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 47 one or more specific functions in the body. 48 enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. Many people, 50 . believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body' s vitamin needs. 41.[A]either [B]so [C]nor [D]never 42.[A]shifting [B]transferring [C]altering [D]transforming 43.[A]any [B]some [C]anything [D]something 44.[A]serious [B]apparent [C]severe [D]fatal 45.[A]mostly [B]partially [C]sometimes [D]rarely 46.[A]in that [B]so that [C]such that [D]except that
F7.[AJur [Performs 48.A]Supplying B Getting [ Furnishing 49.A Exceptional B ]exceeding [EXternal 50.A]neverthel B]therefore [C]moreover [Meanwhile 1997年 Passage 4 Manpower Inc, with 560,000 workers, is the world's largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people_ 41 into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day's work for a day's pay One day at a time 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IbM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming its economy continues to recover, the Us is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This_ 45" work force is the most important_ 46 in American business today, and changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive-48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens-49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 5 that came from being a loyal employee 41.A] swarm B stride [C] separate DI slip 42.[A]For [B] Because [C]As [D] Since 43.A]from [C]on [] by 44.[A] Even though [B] Now that C)If only [] Provided that 45.[A] durable B] disposable C] available D] transferable 46.[A]appro IC] fashion [D] trend [C]fur ally D] sufficiently [D] wh 49.A] impc [C]illustrated con 50.A] excitement B conviction IC enthusiasm [D] importance 1998年 Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the_ 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the_ 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view +7 is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace 41.A] admitted B believed 42. [A] plain [CI mean [A]n ry B] prompt [C]instant D] immediate 44.A) bulk Host gross D] ma 6
6 47.[A]undertakes [B]holds [C]plays [D]performs 48.[A]Supplying [B]Getting [C]Providing [D]Furnishing 49.[A]exceptional [B]exceeding [C]excess [D]external 50.[A]nevertheless [B]therefore [C]moreover [D]meanwhile 1997 年 Passage 4 Manpower Inc, with 560,000 workers, is the world's largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 41 into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day's work for a day's pay. One day at a time. 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. 44 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This "45" work force is the most important 46 in American business today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 50 that came from being a loyal employee. 41.[A] swarm [B] stride [C] separate [D] slip 42.[A] For [B] Because [C] As [D] Since 43.[A] from [B] in [C] on [D] by 44.[A] Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that 45.[A] durable [B] disposable [C] available [D] transferable 46.[A] approach [B] flow [C] fashion [D] trend 47.[A] instantly [B] reversely [C] fundamentally [D] sufficiently 48.[A] but [B] while [C] and [D] whereas 49.[A] imposed [B] restricted [C] illustrated [D] confined 50.[A] excitement [B] conviction [C] enthusiasm [D] importance 1998 年 Passage 5 Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view, 47 . is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. 41.[A] admitted [B] believed [C] claimed [D] predicted 42.[A] plain [B] average [C] mean [D] normal 43.[A] momentary [B] prompt [C] instant [D] immediate 44.[A] bulk [B] host [C] gross [D] magnitude
B]With IC] For 46.A] broadly B]thoroughly [C] generally 47. [A]however B)meanwhile [C]therefore 48.[A]at abou ID] for 49.[A] manifested IB approved IDI speculated ).[A]noted [C]labeled D] marked 1999年 Passage 6 Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies_ 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active. when the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum Successful safety programs may_ 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by_ 46 rules or 47 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety The fewer the injury_ 49_. the better the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50 or at a loss 41.[A]at [ B [] with 42.A] alive B]vivid [C] mobile D] diverse 43.A] regulation b climat IC] circumstance ID] requirement 44.[A]where [B]how [C]what [ D]unless 45.A] alter [B]differ [C] shift [D] distinguish 46.[A] IC] observing D justifying 47[] some B C]Even ID] still 48.A] comes off [B]turns up C] pays off D] holds up 49.A] claims C] declarations [D] proclamations 50.[A]an advantage [B]a benefit IC] an interest [D] a profit 2000年 If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a rge quantity of grain_ 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance_ 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to- 45 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 46 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 He must either sell some of his property or 48 extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try borrow money at a low 49 of interest, but loans of this kind are not obtainable 41.[A]other than B as well as [C] instead of [D] more than 7
7 45.[A] on [B] With [C] For [D] By 46.[A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely 47.[A] however [B] meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover 48.[A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for 49.[A] manifested [B] approved [C] shown [D] speculated 50.[A] noted [B] impressed [C] labeled [D] marked 1999 年 Passage 6 Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active. When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established 44 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 46 rules or regulations. 47 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety 48 . The fewer the injury 49 . the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50 or at a loss. 41.[A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with 42.[A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse 43.[A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement 44.[A] where [B] how [C]what [D] unless 45.[A] alter [B] differ [C] shift [D] distinguish 46.[A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing [D] justifying 47.[A] some [B] Many [C] Even [D] still 48.[A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up 49.[A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations [D] proclamations 50.[A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest [D] a profit 2000 年 Passage 7 If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 46 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is .available, a farmer cannot be 47 .He must either sell some of his property or 48 extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable. 41.[A] other than [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than
42.A]only B)much as IC long before D]ever since 43.[A]for I toward 44.A] replace [C] supplement 45.A] enhance IC feed DDD 46.A] vessels B routes IC paths ID] channels 47. [A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [DI self-restrained 48.[A] search [B] IC] offer [DI seek 49.[A] proportion [ BI IC]rate [ D]ratio 50.[A] genuinely [B] obviously [C] presumably [D] frequently 2001年 Passage 7 The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominer cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West n a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses_ 34 and will strictly control the amount of that can be given to a case_36 trial beg In a letter to gerald Kaufman chairman of the house of commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he with a committee report this year which said that self-regulation did not _38 sufficient control of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a_ 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges _42 to Parliament The lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which_ 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families "Press freedoms will be in safe hands our British judges, "he said Witness payments became an 47 after West sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to guilty verdict 31.[A] as to B for instance [C] in particular 32.[A] tightening [B] intensifying D] fastening 33.A]sketch B rough [C] preliminary D] draft 34.[A]illogical B illegal [C] improbable D] improper 35.PUblicity [ B] penalty ICI popularity [DI peculiarity 36.A Since [ B]if IC] before D 37.[A]sided [C]complied D] agree 38.Present [B offer IC] manifest D] indicate 39.A]Release B Publication [C]Printin ID Exposure 40.[A ]storm [B]rage IC] flare D] flash 41.Atranslation B interoperation [C]exhibition ID] demonstration 42. [A better thar B] other than [C]rather than D sooner than 43.[A]changes [B] makes IC] sets [D]turns 44.[A] binding B convincing [C]restraining D] sustaining 45.[A] authorized B credited [C]entitled D qualified 46.[A] with [C]fror D]by 47.[A]impact B incident IC inference [] issue 48.[A]stated B remarked 49[A] what [C] which D] that 8
8 42.[A] only of [B] much as [C] long before [D] ever since 43.[A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards 44.[A] replace [B] purchase [C] supplement [D] dispose 45.[A] enhance [B] mix [C] feed [D] raise 46.[A] vessels [B] routes [C] paths [D] channels 47.[A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrained 48.[A] search [B] save [C] offer [D] seek 49.[A] proportion [B] percentage [C] rate [D] ratio 50.[A] genuinely [B] obviously [C] presumably [D] frequently 2001 年 Passage 7 The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self-regulation did not 38 sufficient control. 39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. "Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges," he said. Witness payments became an 47 after West sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdict. 31.[A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as 32.[A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening 33.[A]sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft 34.[A]illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper 35.[A]publicity [B] penalty [C] popularity [D] peculiarity 36.[A]since [B] if [C] before [D] as 37.[A]sided [B] shared [C] complied [D] agreed 38.[A]present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate 39.[A]Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D] Exposure 40.[A]storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash 41.[A]translation [B] interoperation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration 42.[A]better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than 43.[A]changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns 44.[A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining 45.[A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified 46.[A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by 47.[A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue 48.[A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told 49.[A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that
50.[A] assure [B]confide 2002年 Passage 9 Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 5th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened- 21. As was discussed before, it was not entury that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic_ 23_, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in It is important to do so It is generally recognized,_29_, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century,-30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process its impact on the media was not immediately_ 32. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal"too, as well as with display becoming sharper and storage_ 34 increasing They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much It was within the computer age that the term "information society"began to be widely used to describe the within which we now live. The communications revolution ha 8 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its ic, political, social and cultural implications. Benefits"have been weighed harmful"outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult 21.[A]between [B before [C]since 22.[A] after B by [C] during IDI 23.[A]means [B]method [C]medium [D] measure 24.A] process [B company IC light [] form 25(A) gathered [C] worked )] pic 26.[A]on B] [D off 27.]of B fo [C]beyond 28.A] concept B dimension IC effect [DI perspective 29.[A] indeed B]hence IC] however [D] therefore 30.[A] brought [B]followed IC] stimulated [D] characterized 31.[A]unless [B]since [C] lest D] although 32. [A]apparent B desirable [C] negative DI plausible 33.[A]institutiona B C] fundamental ID instrumental 34.A] ability [B capability [D] faculty 35.[A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with 36.[A] deeper B fer IC]nearer [] smaller 37.[A]context B range IC scope [D territory 38.[A] regarded B impresse [C] influenced 39.[A]competitive [B] controversial C] distracting [] irrational 40.A] above [B upon [D with 9
9 50.[A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guarantee 2002 年 Passage 9 Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became " personal" too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36 . It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed 40 "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult. 21.[A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later 22.[A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until 23.[A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure 24.[A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form 25.[A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked 26.[A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off 27.[A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into 28.[A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective 29.[A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore 30.[A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized 31.[A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although 32.[A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible 33.[A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental 34.[A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty 35.[A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with 36.[A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller 37.[A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory 38.[A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected 39.[A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational 40.[A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with
2003年 Passage 10 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious_ 21 to how they can best_ 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23. but not just in ways that emphasize competition they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are by others However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can prov 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful- 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 2 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have_ 34 attention spans. A variety of activities participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to _36 without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by for roles that are within their_40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules 21. A] thought [B] ideal DI advice 2. Al strengthen B [C] stimulate 23. A]care B]nutr [C]exercise [D] leisure 24.[A]if [B]although [C] whereas DI 5. [A]assistance B]guidance IC confidence D]tolerance 26.[A]claimed B]admired IC] ignored 27. A] improper B [C]fair WI 28. [A]in effect [B as a result C] for r exan [D in a sense 29.[A] displayin B]describir 30. [ A] durable B excessive [C] surplus [D multi 31.[A] group B]individual C] personnel ID] corporation 32. [A]consent B]insurance IC] admission 33. A particularly B barely IC] definitely rare 34. [A] similar B] long [] different DI short 5.[A]if only B] now that C] so that even 36.[A]everything B anything [D] something 37. A]off [B]down [C]out D]alone 38. [A]on the contrary [ B] on the average [C]on the whole [D]on the other hand 39. A] making [B standing [C planning ID taking B responsibilities CI proficiency 知识宝库 考研社区 2004年 Passage l1 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people) focus either on the 10
10 2003 年 Passage 10 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 . but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 . publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules. 21. [A] thought [B] ideal [C] opinion [D] advice 22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance 23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure 24. [A] if [B] although [C] whereas [D] because 25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance 26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed 27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise 28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense 29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging 30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple 31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation 32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security 33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely 34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short 35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if 36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something 37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone 38. [A] on the contrary [B] on the average [C] on the whole [D] on the other hand 39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking 40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiency 2004 年 Passage 11 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the