福州大学：《现代大学英语精读》课程授课教案（三年级上）Lesson 10 Before and After September 11.doc_大学文库

1.How much information do you know about 9/11? 2.How doyou the cre ord-wide anti-terrorismcampaign? 3.What do you thin is the root cause of the present rampant terrorist attack? 4.How do you feel after reading the article?What,do you think,is the right approach toward Sept. 112 IV.Division of the Text Part One:paras 1-This section gives a general description of the change in the US after Sep.11 Part Two:paras.7-11 The author goes a step further into analyzing the cause of the change-the shattering of the invulnerability and the emergence of national paranoia Part Three:paras 12-15 The result of national paranoia is the hardening of outlook.In the US Part Four:Paras 16-19 The writer criticies the Bush Administration and big business for advocating economic patriotism Part Five:Paras 20-23 Sept.11 is both unique and not unique.The attack is unique but the suffering is not unique. Part Six:Paras.24-28 The ending of his statement. V.Detailed Study of the Tex Part I(paras.1-6) This section gives a general description of the change in the United States after September 11. the events of September 11 divided our wouldinto two radically different eras Para.1 6.The writer begins the essay with the description of the tragic scene at ground zero smokes coming out of the ruins of World Trade Towers and ashes of the thousands of the dead stirred by breeze.And it is against such tragic background that a new age of anxiety vas born 7.Why does the writer call it"a new age of anxiety"? That is bec use the Sep.11 attacks were not considered as single,individual actions but part of a well-coordinated,well-organized plan of a terrorist group with global reach. Anxiety:astate of feeling uneasy,apprehensive or worried about what may happen, concern about a possible future event. To smolder to bu and smoke without flame 8. 1. If someone fell asleep before Sep.11.like the hero in the story Tip van Winklw by Washington Irving,and then woke up after Sep.11,he would find that great changes had taken place in the U.S. an expanse of natural scenery seen by the eye inone view. Para.2 9.Guardsmen.at our airports. After Sep.11.,in order to strengthen airport security,national guardsmen were dispatched to the airports throughout the U.S.to help tighten security toavoid similar attacks

1.How much information do you know about 9/11? 2. How do you think about the current world-wide anti-terrorism campaign? 3.What do you think, is the root cause of the present rampant terrorist attack? 4.How do you feel after reading the article? What, do you think, is the right approach toward Sept. 11? IV. Division of the Text Part One: paras 1-6 This section gives a general description of the change in the US after Sep.11. Part Two: paras. 7-11 The author goes a step further into analyzing the cause of the change-the shattering of the invulnerability and the emergence of national paranoia. Part Three: paras 12-15 The result of national paranoia is the hardening of outlook. In the US today, it is called war on terrorism. Part Four: Paras 16-19 The writer criticizes the Bush Administration and big business for advocating economic patriotism. Part Five: Paras 20-23 Sept. 11 is both unique and not unique. The attack is unique but the suffering is not unique. Part Six: Paras. 24-28 The ending of his statement. V.Detailed Study of the Text Part I (paras. 1-6) This section gives a general description of the change in the United States after September 11. “the events of September 11 divided our would into two radically different eras. Para. 1 6. The writer begins the essay with the description of the tragic scene at ground zero: smokes coming out of the ruins of World Trade Towers and ashes of the thousands of the dead stirred by breeze. And it is against such tragic background that a new age of anxiety was born. 7. Why does the writer call it “a new age of anxiety”? That is because the Sep. 11 attacks were not considered as single, individual actions but part of a well-coordinated, well-organized plan of a terrorist group with global reach. Anxiety: a state of feeling uneasy, apprehensive or worried about what may happen; concern about a possible future event. To smolder: to burn and smoke without flame 8. If someone.an astonishing new landscape. i. If someone fell asleep before Sep. 11, like the hero in the story Tip van Winklw by Washington Irving, and then woke up after Sep. 11, he would find that great changes had taken place in the U. S. ii. Landscape: an expanse of natural scenery seen by the eye in one view. Para. 2 9. Guardsmen.at our airports. After Sep. 11., in order to strengthen airport security, national guardsmen were dispatched to the airports throughout the U.S. to help tighten security to avoid similar attacks

10.The president.stadium rooftop. 美利坚合众国总统出席观看全国棒球赛，于是纽约扬基体育场上空的空域关闭禁止飞机通过在体育场的屋顶上，部署了狙击手 11.Anthrax panic chambers 1. The statement refers to the discovery of anthrax in a letter t a leading member of the Senate.thus leading to the sealing off of the building and evacuation of members of congress The way the idea is expressed producesacom effect."gives readers the impre sion that members of Congress were frightened and ran for life. The writer uses "Congress"to stand for its members. Para.3 This paragraph describes the feeling towards the pre Sep.11 days 12.The eve ents of Sep.11.er 1. "divide”and"radically different”should be considered as key words. What is the idea conveyed here?The idea is Sep.11 was a demarcation line. dividing the world into two entirely different periods. Radically:fundamentally,basically,completely 13.We will reme res or the In our memory,the pre-Sep.11 world was peaceful,happy and sage (overlooking the fact that this was not the case)and we will talk about those days with a feeling of deep respect and love which can only be found in talking about dead people. Para.4 14.Meanwhile.wildernes 1. to loom:to appear,take shape or come in sigh indistinctly esp.ina large. portentous or threatening form. ii. How the post 9/11 era will develop appears unclear and full of uncertainties,like an uncultivated.wild region that has not been expored. 15.As withmaterial capital. capital:any oure of benefi An intense battle is being fought for the capturing of the psyche,political and material benefits of the new era.Battles of this kind had been common in the past for the grabbing of territories which had not been colonized 16 Former president values and liberties poils goods,. .taken by force in wa IL. Note the contrast between "the struggle for the soul"and the loss of"mos cherished values and liberties".I the spoils of war include some of our most cherished values and liberties.how can we win the struggle for the soul then? Inorder to win the war,we might have to give up some of the basic values and liberties we treasure most This might be the costwe have to pay Para.5 17.But there is.a security state i. hubris:arrogant pride of presumption. To question:to dispute:challenge

10. The president.stadium rooftop. 美利坚合众国总统出席观看全国棒球赛，于是纽约扬基体育场上空的空域关闭，禁止飞机通过。在体育场的屋顶上，部署了狙击手。 11. Anthrax panic.chambers. i. The statement refers to the discovery of anthrax in a letter t a leading member of the Senate, thus leading to the sealing off of the building and evacuation of members of congress. ii. The way the idea is expressed produces a comic effect. The “send” “running” gives readers the impression that members of Congress were frightened and ran for life. iii. The writer uses “Congress” to stand for its members. Para. 3 This paragraph describes the feeling towards the pre Sep. 11 days. 12. The events of Sep. 11.eras. i. what are the key words in the sentence? “divide” and “radically different” should be considered as key words. ii. What is the idea conveyed here? The idea is Sep. 11 was a demarcation line, dividing the world into two entirely different periods. iii. Radically: fundamentally, basically, completely 13. We will remember . reserved for the dead. In our memory, the pre-Sep. 11 world was peaceful, happy and sage (overlooking the fact that this was not the case) and we will talk about those days with a feeling of deep respect and love which can only be found in talking about dead people. Para. 4 14. Meanwhile.wilderness. i. to loom: to appear, take shape or come in sigh indistinctly esp. in a large, portentous or threatening form. ii. How the post 9/11 era will develop appears unclear and full of uncertainties, like an uncultivated, wild region that has not been expored. 15. As with .material capital. i. capital: any source of benefit ii. An intense battle is being fought for the capturing of the psyche, political and material benefits of the new era. Battles of this kind had been common in the past for the grabbing of territories which had not been colonized. 16. Former president.values and liberties. i. spoils: goods, territory, etc. taken by force in war ii. Note the contrast between “the struggle for the soul” and the loss of “most cherished values and liberties”. I the spoils of war include some of our most cherished values and liberties, how can we win the struggle for the soul then? iii. In order to win the war, we might have to give up some of the basic values and liberties we treasure most. This might be the cost we have to pay. Para. 5 17. But there is.a security state. i. hubris: arrogant pride of presumption. To question: to dispute; challenge

Chorus: a simultaneous utterance by many ii. a growing chorus of dissenting voices: more and more people join in expressing their opposition. iii. Question the rush toward becoming a security state: challenge the wisdom of taking hasty, not well-thought-out measures to put homeland defense over everything else. 对这种匆忙的置安全高于一切的做法提出质疑。 18. There is a dialectic afoot. i. afoot: in operation ii. some people in the country begin to examine the validity of the argument of security state. Para. 6 19. The men in suits.in hiding. i. Those in the Bush Administration are telling us if those in Afghanistan fail to turn over to us Bin Laden and his followers, what our military people will do to them. ii. Ken Kesey uses for “ the men in” phrases. However, the first three refer to men in different clothing, standing for different types of people while the last one does not refer to clothing, but still standing for one type of people. The men in suits-officials The men in uniforms- -military officers The men in turbans-the Taliban The men in hiding-Bin Laden and other leaders of al Qaeda who were said to hide in Afghanistan. 20. Kesey ventured .begin to be. i. How did Kesey analyze the nature of the war? He considered the war as a war between the traditional pattern of power politics and a way of the weak trying to strike back, an asymmetrical war. ii. The brutal, aggressively male way things had always been What did Kesey mean by this? He meant the brutal, oppressive forces of the major powers in the world. In such a world, power, especially military power, ha the final way. Part II (paras. 7-11) Para. 7. 21. If you found .who would you call? i. This is the kind of new question asked. ii. This was what happened on Sep. 11. Some on the hijacked planes made phone calls. This leads to such questions 22. Pundits wrote.superpower nation i. What is the writer’s attitude towards pundits’ analysis? He is critical of their analysis. ii. Why doesn’t he agree with them? He does not think the loss of innocence is a bad thing. Besides, he does not think this is the main consequence of the attack. iii. How does he express hid disapproval? He expresses his disapproval in an understatement

Para. 23.Overnight.surreal episodes. writer uses it to show that people fear that terrorist attacks may fall upon them any time so they live in constant fear.the same as Damocles sitting under a sword suspended by a hair. Suddenly,people in the U.S.found themselves living in constant fear,fearing that another terrorist attack might come at any time and as a resu there had d been growing tendency ofirrational suspicion and mistrust,leading to certain fanatic actions. Para.9 24.Among the unavoidable truths from harm verified fact IL. One of the undeniable facts of the Sept.11 incident is that the . sate place iii. 生话在美国本土，不能保证我们不受伤害】 25.We too are mired.safety and security. This isa further discussion of what are incom mon.The terrorist atacks put the ricans at the bo omof the pyramid,their of physica afety the lowest type of safety. Safety:freedom from danger.injury.or damage. Security:freedom from fear,anxiety,doubt,protection or defense against attack. Para.10 26.The new zeitgeist.world events The new spirit of the time even made the pop singer Ally McBeal,who usually hadno interest in politics,expressed her worries about world events. 27.Relationships.in Sep. to lament:to feel or express deep sorrow for i When did she think re ps w e easier?She thought that relationships wer easierack in Sep."before the world changed 28.why does the writer mention the remarks of Ally MeBeal and a detective on NYPD Blue? He mentions the remarks to show that the impact of the attacks is widespread.In other words,all kinds of people are affected by the attacks. Para.11 9.The most visible.nw patriotism. 1. What do you think is the tone of this statement?The tone is ironical which can be seen from the choice of "most visible"."profound"etc. 我们受到巨大心理冲击的最明显的症状就是一种心的，狂热的爱国主义。 30.People who neve patrio 1. Note the contrast implied in the statement."ever gave much thought"versus “suddenly,passionately patriotic”. ii.What is the tone of the statement?It is slightly ironical

Para. 8 23. Overnight.surreal episodes. i. Why does the writer mention a sword of Damocles? This is an allusion and the writer uses it to show that people fear that terrorist attacks may fall upon them any time so they live in constant fear, the same as Damocles sitting under a sword suspended by a hair. ii. Suddenly, people in the U.S. found themselves living in constant fear, fearing that another terrorist attack might come at any time and as a result there had been growing tendency of irrational suspicion and mistrust, leading to certain fanatic actions. Para. 9 24. Among the unavoidable truths . from harm. i. truths established or verified facts. ii. One of the undeniable facts of the Sept. 11 incident is that the U.S. is no longer a sate place. iii. 生活在美国本土，不能保证我们不受伤害。 25. We too are mired. safety and security. This is a further discussion of what are in common. The terrorist attacks put the Americans at the bottom of the pyramid, trying to regain their sense of physical safety, the lowest type of safety. Safety: freedom from danger, injury, or damage. Security: freedom from fear, anxiety, doubt, protection or defense against attack. Para. 10 26. The new zeitgeist.world events. The new spirit of the time even made the pop singer Ally McBeal, who usually had no interest in politics, expressed her worries about world events. 27. Relationships.in Sep. i. to lament: to feel or express deep sorrow for ii. When did she think relationships were easier? She thought that relationships were easier “back in Sep.” before the world changed as a result of the terrorist attacks. 28. why does the writer mention the remarks of Ally McBeal and a detective on NYPD Blue? He mentions the remarks to show that the impact of the attacks is widespread. In other words, all kinds of people are affected by the attacks. Para. 11 29. The most visible.new patriotism. i. What do you think is the tone of this statement? The tone is ironical which can be seen from the choice of “most visible” , “profound” etc. ii. 我们受到巨大心理冲击的最明显的症状就是一种心的，狂热的爱国主义。 30. People who never .patriotic. i. Note the contrast implied in the statement. “never gave much thought” versus “suddenly, passionately patriotic”. ii. What is the tone of the statement? It is slightly ironical

iii People who never bothered about the national flag except on national day.who meaning is that this is a kind of irrational emotion 31.What are the tow kinds of patriotism brought up by the writer in this paragraph?One is the upholding of the principles embodied in the Constitution.The other is the display of the flag everywhere.using the flag as an icon.as overcompensation"for a wounded g0* 32.But the now .ego 1. what is meant by the"inescapable presence of the flag"?it means the display of the flag everywhere. ii. To overcompensate:to react to a real or imagined physical or psychological defeat by aconscious or unconscious exaggerated drive to compensate for it. 33.The flag isan icon.Nike swoosh The flag.like the Nike swoosh,is only a symbol,a brand,which cannot give the American people any actual.physical protection. PartIIΠ(Paras.12-15) Para 12 34.Why does the writer bring up George Orwell'snovel19 ause there areso many similarities between the practices in the novel and practices today in the U.S. i imprisonment without trial:up to2,000 people in the U.S.have been detained without trial. Practices tolerated:even defended:over80% tolerated,even defended such practices. Para.13. 35.Who role does this paragraph play? n,leading to wa nce paragra or emphas In the U.S.today,this attitude of becoming unsympathetic takes the form of waron terrorism. Para.14 36.As its forefront.mentality what does"for:It stands for war n terrorism Who are those new defenders of the Homeland?They are Attorney General o Ashcroft and the Justice Department,and so on. 37.But many of us state security. How.according to the writer.do many Americans define their personal safety? They consider the civil liberties embodied in the Bill of Rights nd in the most guarantee of personal safety What was happening to these liberties,according to the writer?They are being weakened or cancelled by the authority of national security.In other words,for the sake of security of the country,people are being asked to give up some of the liberties they enjoy by law

iii. People who never bothered about the national flag except on national day, who never thought about the flag, suddenly became intensely patriotic. The implied meaning is that this is a kind of irrational emotion. 31. What are the tow kinds of patriotism brought up by the writer in this paragraph? One is the upholding of the principles embodied in the Constitution. The other is the display of the flag everywhere, using the flag as an icon, as overcompensation “for a wounded ego”. 32. But the now.ego. i. what is meant by the “ inescapable presence of the flag”? it means the display of the flag everywhere. ii. To overcompensate: to react to a real or imagined physical or psychological defeat by a conscious or unconscious exaggerated drive to compensate for it. 33. The flag is an icon.Nike swoosh The flag, like the Nike swoosh, is only a symbol, a brand, which cannot give the American people any actual, physical protection. Part III (Paras. 12-15) Para. 12. 34. Why does the writer bring up George Orwell’s novel 1984? Because there are so many similarities between the practices in the novel and practices today in the U.S. i. imprisonment without trial: up to 2,000 people in the U.S. have been detained without trial. ii. Public execution: military tribunal for captured Taliban or al-Qaeda followers iii. Practices tolerated: even defended: over 80% tolerated, even defended such practices. Para. 13. 35. Who role does this paragraph play? i. It servers as a transition, leading to war on terrorism ii. It is a one-sentence paragraph for emphasis. iii. In the U.S. today, this attitude of becoming unsympathetic takes the form of war on terrorism. Para. 14 36. As its forefront.mentality. i. what does “its” stand for: It stands for war on terrorism. ii. Who are those new defenders of the Homeland? They are Attorney General John Ashcroft and the Justice Department, and so on. 37. But many of us .state security. i. How, according to the writer, do many Americans define their personal safety? They consider the civil liberties embodied in the Bill of Rights and in the Constitution as the most important guarantee of personal safety. ii. What was happening to these liberties, according to the writer? They are being weakened or cancelled by the authority of national security. In other words, for the sake of security of the country, people are being asked to give up some of the liberties they enjoy by law

iii.To compromise:to weaken or give up as for reasons of expediency Para.15 This paragraph gives examples toshowwhat kind.The is actually more serious than what is described in the article.The lowest figure of those who disappeared was put at2.000.And such practice is tolerated by a majority of the people 38.it is something.participatory democracies. This is a typical Wester that they ofaw and individual rights and fre mare protected by aw.To of ndividual suppression of dissenting voicescan only be found in repressive regimes 39.Not only.credibility abroad. i.integrity:moral uprightness,sound moral principles Credibility:reputation:reliability To undermine:to wear y the baseor foundation of weaken,injure such encroa hment on civil liberties not only weakens the country's sound moral principles at home but would certainly harm the country's reputation abroad. making people abroad think that the U.S.is not reliable,is not practicing what it reaches 40.the we call into question.who weare n:or doubt abou Then we are actually casting doubt on some of the basic principles concerning the founding of the Republic PartIV (paras.16-19) Para.16 41.but his dictum situation geopolitics:an approach to foreign policy that attempts to explain and predict political behavior and military capabilities in terms of man's physical environment. ii. Geopolitical situation:referring to the physical location of certain states,their access to and from the sea.control over sea and land transportation routes and the availability of natural res between states,this dictum should also be born in mind.The writer here deals with the issue of oil consumption.The U.S.isthe largest oil-consuming country and relies heavily on the import of oil from the Gulf area.Currently war against terrorism is spreading to this region.What if the oil-producing countries,the Arab the U.S.and suppy?This equestion raised by the writer 42.The nation the writer writes about here refers to the U.S. Said:named or mentioned before 43.Would it not be wise.oil consuming? This isa ringnoanswer,meaning it iscertainly wise,ever patriotic,todos.A positive statement form for emphasis Para.17 This paragraph deals with what actually happens in the U.S.The practice runs counter to what the writer thinks is the wise thing to do

iii. To compromise: to weaken or give up as for reasons of expediency. Para. 15 This paragraph gives examples to show what kind of liberties are compromised. The situation is actually more serious than what is described in the article. The lowest figure of those who disappeared was put at2,000. And such practice is tolerated by a majority of the people. 38. .it is something.participatory democracies. This is a typical Western concept, thinking that they practice rule of law and individual rights and freedom are protected by law. To them, violation of individual rights and suppression of dissenting voices can only be found in repressive regimes. 39. Not only.credibility abroad. i. integrity: moral uprightness; sound moral principles. Credibility: reputation; reliability To undermine: to wear away the base or foundation of; weaken, injure ii. such encroachment on civil liberties not only weakens the country’s sound moral principles at home but would certainly harm the country’s reputation abroad, making people abroad think that the U.S. is not reliable, is not practicing what it preaches. 40. .then we call into question.who we are. i. to call into question: to raise a question or doubt about ii. Then we are actually casting doubt on some of the basic principles concerning the founding of the Republic. Part IV (paras. 16-19) Para. 16 41. .but his dictum.geopolitical situation. i. geopolitics: an approach to foreign policy that attempts to explain and predict political behavior and military capabilities in terms of man’s physical environment. ii. Geopolitical situation: referring to the physical location of certain states, their access to and from the sea, control over sea and land transportation routes and the availability of natural resources iii. How can this dictum be applied to the current geopolitical situation? In relations between states, this dictum should also be born in mind. The writer here deals with the issue of oil consumption. The U.S. is the largest oil-consuming country and relies heavily on the import of oil from the Gulf area. Currently war against terrorism is spreading to this region. What if the oil-producing countries, the Arab world turn against the U.S. and cut off the oil supply? This is the question raised by the writer. 42. The nation the writer writes about here refers to the U.S. Said: named or mentioned before 43. Would it not be wise .oil consuming? This is a rhetorical question, requiring no answer, meaning it is certainly wise, even patriotic, to do so. A positive statement in question form for emphasis. Para. 17 This paragraph deals with what actually happens in the U.S. The practice runs counter to what the writer thinks is the wise thing to do

44.What was the view of Bill Lovejoy,GM vice president? His view people houd buy moreand n cou getou of recession and move forward.Buy more is a sign of patriotism Projected:forecasted Para.18 45.Just after the attacks.friends and neighbors. after the attacks.the American sense of community solidarity.Many rushed to NYtoof fer help.People waited in long lines for the donation of blood.Many rediscovered the value of family,of community 46.There was a relaxing.in this country rampant:widespread ,objectionable repulsive i physic resulting from the force of circumstances compulsion:an irresistible.urge to behave in a certain way.esp.against one's conscious wishes i. s er mphasis on the pursuit of wealthand p worldly goods And the other wo dangerous symptoms that went with materialism that is physical separation from others and irrational behavior as a result of impulse also became less serious.Materialism,together with the accompanying symptoms of separation and compulsion.had been the cause of the ruin of community in this count 47.Community cannot compete What is the purpose of mentioning these things?In the face of such attraction or motivation community stands no chance in the competition Para.19 48 Presidential exho This is a ref rtations.as quickly e to a spe ch by President Bush in which he urged the American people to get back to normal to shop.to travel.to do busines or thy did before Sep.11. Does the writer agree?Why (not)? No the writer does not think that the pre-Sept 11 world was an ideal world and should be restored.The word med"brings out this implication The following 49.toshut up and shop:to stop asking questions,debating and go back to materialism. 50.Many ofus.nascent community Many of us want to grasp this renewed sense of community and reform our society with such spirit Part V(Paras 20-23) Para.20 51.But every time.himself mute. He tried to tell his family what he saw and how he felt but he failed because he could not find proper wordsto describe his feeling

44. What was the view of Bill Lovejoy, GM vice president? His view was people should buy more and in this way American economy could get out of recession and move forward. Buy more is a sign of patriotism. Projected: forecasted Para. 18 45. Just after the attacks.friends and neighbors. It is true that right after the attacks, the American people demonstrated a strong sense of community solidarity. Many rushed to NY to offer help. People waited in long lines for the donation of blood. Many rediscovered the value of family, of community. 46. There was a relaxing. in this country. i. rampant: widespread ugly: dangerous; objectionable, repulsive isolation: physical separation from others, often an involuntary detachment resulting from the force of circumstances compulsion: an irresistible, urge to behave in a certain way, esp. against one’s conscious wishes undoing: cause or source of ruin, destruction ii. People began to put less emphasis on the pursuit of wealth and possession of worldly goods. And the other two dangerous symptoms that went with materialism, that is physical separation from others and irrational behavior as a result of impulse, also became less serious. Materialism, together with the accompanying symptoms of separation and compulsion, had been the cause of the ruin of community in this country. 47. Community cannot compete.workweek. What is the purpose of mentioning these things? In the face of such attraction or motivation community stands no chance in the competition. Para. 19 48. Presidential exhortations.as quickly as possible. i. This is a reference to a speech by President Bush in which he urged the American people to get back to normal, to shop, to travel, to do business or to live life as they did before Sep. 11. ii. Does the writer agree? Why (not)? No, the writer does not think that the pre-Sept. 11 world was an ideal world and should be restored. The word “assumed” brings out this implication. The following sentence supports this understanding. 49. to shut up and shop: to stop asking questions, debating and go back to materialism. 50. Many of us . nascent community. Many of us want to grasp this renewed sense of community and reform our society with such spirit. Part V (Paras. 20-23) Para. 20 51. But every time.himself mute. He tried to tell his family what he saw and how he felt but he failed because he could not find proper words to describe his feeling

52.There exists no suitable analogy.box cutters. analogy:similarity between partial rese ii. a number of hijackers,who were ready to kill themselves,hijacked passenge planes with box cutters.struck World Trade Towers and killed thousands of innocent people.Such terrorist acts have no precedents.You cannot find anything 53.Sep.11 isnot like anything but itsef Sept.11 is unique.There has never been anything resembling it Para.21 54.flashpoint:the point at which anger,indignation,etc.becomes uncontrollable. 55.This is far from the first time This assassination of the evo on ne was the flashpoint of orld ar 1.The war d to the death soldiers with another 20 million wounded.The surprise attack on Pearl harbor by the Japanese was the flashpoint,bringing the U.S.into WWII.The attack resulted in4,500 American soldiers killed or wounded.The loss of lives in WWll went up to over 90 million.The axis powers swere called evil.There are many more incidents of massive killing.In 1982 Is 5hof Sept.,1982.Tow days later,massacre took place in tow Palestinian refugee camps.Between 200 and 800 Palestinian men,women,children were slaughtered. General Sharon,the then Israeli defence minister was responsible for the massacre. Para.22 56.history is a gallery of uns eakable crime unspeakable:so bad,evil,etc.as to defy description History records many crimes committed by human beings which are so horrible that they defy description 57.A mushroom cloud.skeletal corpse i this isa description of the scene after the explosion of the atomic bombon Hiroshim ii, Mushroom:要菇云 ili. 黄菇云在一座海港城市上空展开，一个活人的皮肤被烧掉。一骨架子抱着个小孩大小的骨架子。 58.We tend.nightmare garden. i. inwhich the compared nightmare garden. ii. Why are the images compared to poisonous flowers in a nightmare garden?The atomic bomb produces poisonous fallout.Carbon monoxide in Pompeii was also poisonous.The final scene in Hiroshima or in Pompeii was a nightmare.Hence the In spite of the fact that these images are horrible images,images of large-scale atrocity,we still take care to keep alive these images. Para.23

52. There exists no suitable analogy.box cutters. i. analogy: similarity in some respects between things otherwise unlike; partial resemblance ii. a number of hijackers, who were ready to kill themselves, hijacked passenger planes with box cutters, struck World Trade Towers and killed thousands of innocent people. Such terrorist acts have no precedents. You cannot find anything even partially resembling such terrorist acts. 53. Sep. 11 is not like anything but itself. Sept. 11 is unique. There has never been anything resembling it. Para. 21 54. flashpoint: the point at which anger, indignation, etc. becomes uncontrollable. 55. This is far from the first time. This assassination of the Austrian heir-apparent and his wife in Sarajevo on June28,1994 was the flashpoint of world war I. The war led to the death of 10 million soldiers with another 20 million wounded. The surprise attack on Pearl harbor by the Japanese was the flashpoint, bringing the U.S. into WWII. The attack resulted in 4,500 American soldiers killed or wounded. The loss of lives in WWII went up to over 90 million. The axis powers were called evil. There are many more incidents of massive killing. In 1982 Israel invaded Lebanon and the Israeli army entered West Beirut on the 5 th of Sept., 1982. Tow days later, massacre took place in tow Palestinian refugee camps. Between 200 and 800 Palestinian men, women, children were slaughtered. General Sharon, the then Israeli defence minister was responsible for the massacre. Para. 22 56. .history is a gallery of unspeakable crimes. i. unspeakable: so bad, evil, etc. as to defy description ii. History records many crimes committed by human beings which are so horrible that they defy description. 57. A mushroom cloud. skeletal corpse. i. this is a description of the tragic scene after the explosion of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. ii. Mushroom:蘑菇云 iii. 蘑菇云在一座海港城市上空展开，一个活人的皮肤被烧掉，一副骨架子抱着一个小孩大小的骨架子。 58. We tend .nightmare garden. i. This is a simile in which the image are compared to poisonous flowers in a nightmare garden. ii. Why are the images compared to poisonous flowers in a nightmare garden? The atomic bomb produces poisonous fallout. Carbon monoxide in Pompeii was also poisonous. The final scene in Hiroshima or in Pompeii was a nightmare. Hence the comparison. iii. In spite of the fact that these images are horrible images, images of large-scale atrocity, we still take care to keep alive these images. Para. 23

59. This paragraph is an answer to the question raised in the previous paragraph. The writer is not totally sure of the answer so he offers a possible answer. The one sentence paragraph is for emphasis. 60. Perhaps just this.of vocations. i. What, according to the writer, is the message? The message is perhaps three-fold: our suffering is not unique; our understanding of the tragedy may not be correct; the pursuit of peace should still be our noblest goal. ii. What does the writer want to convey here? The writer may want to show that Sep. 11 is unique but the suffering of the Americans is not unique. They have not yet grasped the real reason of Sep. 11. when the writer says “ the pursuit of peace continues to be the noblest of vocations”, he means peace, not war, should be the goal. Part VI (Paras. 24-28) Para.24 61. A country is only.to make it over. i. a country is only.make it up: the quality of the people determines the strength of a country. If the people are free and purposeful this will become the strong soft power for a country. ii. The country turns.to become: the people determines the direction of the development of a country. iii. To make it over: to remade it. Para. 25 62. How do we.poise? i. it is one sentence but the writer breaks it into two, to achieve emphasis. ii. National: paranoia Collective: poise Assonance, that is the use of the same vowel sound in words, is employed here in “paranoia” and “poise”. 63. Is our democracy.of liberty? This is a parody of a line in Patrick Henry’s speech: “if life is so dear or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?” 64. It has never been.21st century. The writer touches upon the root cause of terrorism. There will be no true security for the U.S. unless there is true security in the rest of the world. In other words, war on terrorism should aim at dealing with the root cause: conflict, insecurity, poverty all over the world. If we can solve these issues, we will not have lasting security no matter how we strengthen Homeland Defense. Para. 26 65. He and his fellow passengers.of courage. What does abject fear refer to? It refers to fear of death which paralyses them, making them unable to take any action. 66. Why does the writer say “ it came out of the tradition of democracy”?