Lesson one Where Do We Go From Here? Martin Luther King Jr. Time Allocation and Teaching Procedure:(about 8 classes are needed for the lesson) The 1t two classes:1.students'presentations(for the purpose of checking up students'preview of the text)2.teacher's comment on the presentations and brief,additional introduction to the text 3.vocabulary 4.Introducing the content of the text briefly. The 2md two classes:teacher's interpretation of the meaning of some difficult sentences,language points,and rhetorical devices The3rd two elasses:continuation of the interpretation of the text The 4th two classes:1.asking students to sum up the main idea 2.explaining some useful words and expressions picked out from the text. exercises in the textbook 3.supplemental exercises-a.translation b.cloze L.Objectives A.Content 24.To Understand the theme of the speech-"Where do we go from here?"Three tasks to fulfill in order to"o from here"to the destination. 25.To acquaint student with the language points and help them master these points. B.Style and Strategies To analyze the author's choice of words in developing his arguments To analyze how the structure contributes to the clarity of the piece To appreciate rhetorical devices the author employs in this speech II.Topics for Presentations (based on pre-class group discussion) Who is Martin Luther King Jr.?How much do you know about him? ●What is bus boycott? What made King deliver such a speech in 1967? King says,"The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy".Do you agree with him?Give your reason(s). How does King try to prove that love is the only answer to mankind's problems?
Lesson one Where Do We Go From Here? Martin Luther King Jr. Time Allocation and Teaching Procedure: (about 8 classes are needed for the lesson) The 1 st two classes: 1. students’ presentations (for the purpose of checking up students’ preview of the text) 2. teacher’s comment on the presentations and brief, additional introduction to the text 3. vocabulary 4. Introducing the content of the text briefly. The 2nd two classes: teacher’s interpretation of the meaning of some difficult sentences, language points, and rhetorical devices The3rd two classes: continuation of the interpretation of the text The 4th two classes: 1. asking students to sum up the main idea 2. explaining some useful words and expressions picked out from the text; exercises in the textbook 3. supplemental exercises— a. translation b. cloze I. Objectives A. Content 24. To Understand the theme of the speech—“Where do we go from here?” Three tasks to fulfill in order to “go from here” to the destination. 25. To acquaint student with the language points and help them master these points. B. Style and Strategies ⚫ To analyze the author’s choice of words in developing his arguments ⚫ To analyze how the structure contributes to the clarity of the piece ⚫ To appreciate rhetorical devices the author employs in this speech II. Topics for Presentations (based on pre-class group discussion) ⚫ Who is Martin Luther King Jr.? How much do you know about him? ⚫ What is bus boycott? ⚫ What made King deliver such a speech in 1967? ⚫ King says,” The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy”. Do you agree with him? Give your reason(s). ⚫ How does King try to prove that love is the only answer to mankind’s problems?
IIL.Additional information about the author President Lincoln's the Emancipation Proclamation delivered during the Civil War declared the end of slavery,but the racial discrimination and segregation still exited,which was at rampant during the 1950s and 1960s in USA.Black children were not allowed to attend the same schools with the whites,black riders should let white riders take seat if it was needed.The unequal treatment aroused the blacks'indignation,they rose to appeal for civil rights. King,a brave fighter for the blacks in the USA,served as leader of the civil rights movement for the black Americans.His energetic personality and persuasive oratory helped unite many blacks in a search for peaceful solution to racial oppression and discrimination.He believed in the nonviolent protest as a means to achieve recognition and rights for all black Americans.Although King's views were challenged by blacks who had lost faith in nonviolence,his belief in the power of nonviolent protest remained strong.Militant black leaders began to attack his appeal for nonviolence,they accused him of being influenced too much by the whites On the night of April 4.1968 Dr.King was shot dead by an assassin as he stood on the balcony outside the motel room where he had stayed.When the funeral was held in the chapel at Spellman College,moumers lined up to pay their last respect to the Rev.Martin Luther King Jr. People often say that behind every successful man,stands a great woman.It is also the case with King.his wife Coretta Scott King was side by side with him when King fought for the recognition and civil rights for all black Americans and appealed for nonviolence,and after King's death,Coretta Scott King carried out his legacy by continuing his hard struggle for civil rights.She created the Martin Luther King Jr.Center for Nonviolent Social Change(马丁·路德·金非暴力社会变 )in Atlanta,King's native place,and she fought for 15 years to have him honored with a national holiday.She also devoted much of her life to children IV Teaching points Part I (paras.1-2)serving as a link to the theme of the speech-"Where do we go from here?"by showing some figures and facts. Para.1 1.recognize:see clearly though,perhaps unwillingly:e.g.We must recognize that the embarrassing situation our team is faced with
III. Additional information about the author President Lincoln’s the Emancipation Proclamation delivered during the Civil War declared the end of slavery, but the racial discrimination and segregation still exited, which was at rampant during the 1950s and 1960s in USA. Black children were not allowed to attend the same schools with the whites, black riders should let white riders take seat if it was needed. The unequal treatment aroused the blacks’ indignation, they rose to appeal for civil rights. King, a brave fighter for the blacks in the USA, served as leader of the civil rights movement for the black Americans. His energetic personality and persuasive oratory helped unite many blacks in a search for peaceful solution to racial oppression and discrimination. He believed in the nonviolent protest as a means to achieve recognition and rights for all black Americans. Although King’s views were challenged by blacks who had lost faith in nonviolence, his belief in the power of nonviolent protest remained strong. Militant black leaders began to attack his appeal for nonviolence, they accused him of being influenced too much by the whites. On the night of April 4, 1968 Dr. King was shot dead by an assassin as he stood on the balcony outside the motel room where he had stayed. When the funeral was held in the chapel at Spellman College, mourners lined up to pay their last respect to the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. People often say that behind every successful man, stands a great woman. It is also the case with King, his wife Coretta Scott King was side by side with him when King fought for the recognition and civil rights for all black Americans and appealed for nonviolence, and after King’s death, Coretta Scott King carried out his legacy by continuing his hard struggle for civil rights. She created the Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change (马丁·路德·金非暴力社会变 革中心) in Atlanta, King’s native place, and she fought for 15 years to have him honored with a national holiday. She also devoted much of her life to children. IV Teaching points Part 1 (paras. 1—2 ) serving as a link to the theme of the speech -“Where do we go from here?” by showing some figures and facts. Para.1 1. recognize: see clearly though, perhaps unwillingly:认清 e.g. We must recognize that the embarrassing situation our team is faced with
2.Today another curious percent of a person. a.The idea is when the Constitution was written,the Negro was considered as only 60%of a person;but now he is even less,only 50%of a person.That is to say,his status has deteriorated. b.Question:What makes the speaker say so?-Dr.King gives a number of examples:"half of all Negroes live substandard housing:Negroes have half the income of whites,there are twice as many unemployed:the rate of infant mortality among Negroes is double that of whites.' c.formula:.a general rule expressed惯例，常规，原则，方案Here it can be interpreted as expression. 3.in proportion to with):in comparison with sth.in size.amount.importance etc.与成比例，按照，与相比 e.g.The workers get their payment in proportion to work done,not to the time taken in it.(Ask students to make sentences with this phrase. para.2 4.Negroes lag one to three years behind whites.:The sentence means:in terms of leamning,the kind of knowledge which a white kid would master in Grade 3 would be grasped by a black kid sometime between Grade 4 and Grade 6. Part 2(Paras.3-5) Para.3 5.Para.3 is a transitional paragraph. 6.we must massively assert.worth:We must state clearly and in an impressive way that we should be treated with respect and our value should be recognized. 7.The job of arousing manhood.is not easy a.Nobody:a person of no importance b.The sentence means:It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans,the same as any other people. Para.4 offers some factors,explaining why "arousing manhood."is not easy. 8.blor a moral defect in an otherwise good character,grim:sinister,causing great fear 9.The most degenerate.black sheep:1)The person in family of whom everyone else is ashamed is called a"black sheep”家中最为其他成员所不齿的人是“黑羊”，即败家子， 2)Degenerate:having sunk below a normal condition,character,etc.;morally corrupt 3).black sheep:a family member shunned because of disreputable
2. Today another curious formula .fifty percent of a person. a. The idea is when the Constitution was written, the Negro was considered as only 60%of a person; but now he is even less, only 50% of a person. That is to say, his status has deteriorated. b. Question: What makes the speaker say so?-Dr. King gives a number of examples: “.half of all Negroes live substandard housing; Negroes have half the income of whites; there are twice as many unemployed; the rate of infant mortality among Negroes is double that of whites.” c. formula: a general rule expressed 惯例，常规, 原则，方案 Here it can be interpreted as expression. 3. in proportion to (with): in comparison with sth. in size, amount, importance, etc. 与.成比例，按照, 与.相比 e.g. The workers get their payment in proportion to work done, not to the time taken in it. (Ask students to make sentences with this phrase. ) para.2 4. Negroes lag one to three years behind whites.: The sentence means: in terms of learning, the kind of knowledge which a white kid would master in Grade 3 would be grasped by a black kid sometime between Grade 4 and Grade 6. Part 2 (Paras. 3—5) Para.3 5. Para. 3 is a transitional paragraph. 6. we must massively assert .worth: We must state clearly and in an impressive way that we should be treated with respect and our value should be recognized. 7. The job of arousing manhood. is not easy. a. Nobody: a person of no importance b. The sentence means: It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people. Para. 4 offers some factors, explaining why “arousing manhood.” is not easy. 8. blot: a moral defect in an otherwise good character; grim: sinister; causing great fear 9. .The most degenerate.black sheep: 1) The person in family of whom everyone else is ashamed is called a “black sheep” 家中最为其他成员所不齿的人是“黑羊”，即败家子。 2) Degenerate: having sunk below a normal condition, character, etc.; morally corrupt 3). black sheep: a family member shunned because of disreputable
behavior 10.perpetate:.to make sth.exist for a long time,.preserve(使永久、长存)e.gto perpetuate the memory of sb.Or:to perpetuate one's memory长t忆某人 Para.5 11.Question:What is the main idea of this paragraph?The main idea is the African-American must "rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood".That is to say,he or she must get rid of any inferiority complex in themselves.-This is considered by Dr.King as the first task in the struggle fro genuine freedom. 12.The tendency to ignore the Negro's contribution to American life and to strip him of his personhood5 asas the morning3 newspaper.-l)忽视黑人对美 国生活的贡献和剥夺黑人人权的倾向不仅见于最早的历史书，也同样见于当今的晨 2)personhood:the quality or condition of being an individual person 3) Strip sb./sth of:take away sb./sth.from剥夺某人.in the text,.to strip him ofhis personhood means that to cultivate in him a sense of inferiority.It echoes the statements in para.:the Negro is only 60%of a person,according to the Constitution and 50%of person nowadays 15.And,ith a spirit.,selfabnegation:1)黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神 大胆地抛弃自我克制的枷锁。2)to strain:to exert::use to the utmost;尽力使用 使用到极至。e.g.I had to strain to my ears to hear his speech.Strain to do sth.The word"strain"has other meanings,e.g.He strained his hands in the last match.(hurt by too much effort of pressure)3)manacle(usu.pl.):fetter or shackle for the hand 16.I am somebody.to make me a slave.Somebody:a person of importance 人物，名人)e.g He has a strong desire to be somebody他有强烈的出人头地的欲 Part 3(paras.69)In this part the speaker puts forward the second task:how to organize the strength of the Negro in terms of economic and political power. Then he goes on to define power and points out the outcome of the misinterpretation of the relation between love and power Para 6 17.he has been subject to the authoritarian(独裁主义者，绝对的权利至上 ):.he has been controlled by the person who is like a dictator or an organization controlling everything rather than letting people decide things for themselves
behavior 10. perpetuate: to make sth. exist for a long time, preserve（使永久、长存）e.g. to perpetuate the memory of sb. Or: to perpetuate one’s memory 长忆某人 Para.5 11. Question: What is the main idea of this paragraph? The main idea is the African-American must “rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood”. That is to say, he or she must get rid of any inferiority complex in themselves.-This is considered by Dr. King as the first task in the struggle fro genuine freedom. 12. The tendency to ignore the Negro’s contribution to American life and to strip him of his personhood is as .as the morning’s newspaper.—1) 忽视黑人对美 国生活的贡献和剥夺黑人人权的倾向不仅见于最早的历史书，也同样见于当今的晨 报。2) personhood: the quality or condition of being an individual person 3) Strip sb. /sth of : take away sb. /sth. from 剥夺某人. in the text, to strip him of his personhood means that to cultivate in him a sense of inferiority. It echoes the statements in para.1: the Negro is only 60%of a person, according to the Constitution and 50%of person nowadays. 15. And, with a spirit.self-abnegation: 1)黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神， 大胆地抛弃自我克制的枷锁。2) to strain: to exert; use to the utmost; 尽力使用， 使用.到极至。e.g. I had to strain to my ears to hear his speech. Strain to do sth. The word “strain” has other meanings, e.g. He strained his hands in the last match.（hurt by too much effort of pressure） 3) manacle (usu. pl.): fetter or shackle for the hand 16. I am somebody .to make me a slave. Somebody: a person of importance（重要 人物，名人）e.g. He has a strong desire to be somebody 他有强烈的出人头地的欲 望。 Part 3 (paras. 6—9 ) In this part the speaker puts forward the second task: how to organize the strength of the Negro in terms of economic and political power. Then he goes on to define power and points out the outcome of the misinterpretation of the relation between love and power. Para. 6. 17. .he has been subject to the authoritarian（独裁主义者，绝对的权利至上 者）: .he has been controlled by the person who is like a dictator or an organization controlling everything rather than letting people decide things for themselves
(be)subject to:govemed or controlled by,dependent on Para 7. 18.Now a lot of us.problems with power What is the connection between “being preachers”and“having problems with power"?(我们大家都有自己的道德 信仰和所关切的事情，因此，常常遇到与权利有关的各种问题)一Preachers are supposed to spread God's teaching,that is,peace on earth and love.The common concept of power is force,physical force.So these two things have been contrasted as polar opposites.That is why preachers have problems with power. 19.You see,What happened.got off base:off base:(slang.infml)taking a position,attitude,etc.that is unsound,or in error,not agreeing with fact,wrong e.g.When Tom said that the teacher's explanation did not agree with the book, the teacher was embarrassed at being caught off base Para.8 20 It was this same misinterpretation which induced Christian theologians to reject the Nietzshean philosophy of the will to power in the name of the Christian idea of love:正是这种错误的解释促使基督教的神学家们以基督仁爱思想的 名义拒绝尼采的意志权力论的哲学思想。 2L.hat is neededsentimental and anemic:)必须懂得没有爱的权力是毫无 节制、易被溢用的，而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感、苍白无力的。2)anemic:lacking vigour or vitality.lifeless Part IV (paras.10-15)This part deal with economic security for the Negro Americans.The speaker advocates guaranteed annual income which he thinks is possible and achievable.He also deals on the advantages of this security. Para.10 22.And.in the thinking of that day.moral fiber-And,the common view at that time was a person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong. a want of:a lack absence of e.g.I'll take this one for want of a better. 23.We've come a long way in understanding.economic system:1I)在对人的动机 的理解和对我们经济体制的无序运作的了解上，我们已经取得了很大的进展。2)have come a long way:have made a lot of progress e.g.We've come a long way since the days when you had to call an operator to phone another country.3) being branded as:being marked as;If you are branded as something bad,people think you are that thing.打上烙印，加污名于)e.g.The naughty boy was branded
(be) subject to: governed or controlled by, dependent on Para 7. 18. Now a lot of us. problems with power. What is the connection between “being preachers” and “having problems with power”? (我们大家都有自己的道德 信仰和所关切的事情，因此，常常遇到与权利有关的各种问题) – Preachers are supposed to spread God’s teaching, that is, peace on earth and love. The common concept of power is force, physical force. So these two things have been contrasted as polar opposites. That is why preachers have problems with power. 19. You see, What happened. got off base: off base: ( slang, infml) taking a position, attitude, etc. that is unsound, or in error; not agreeing with fact, wrong e.g. When Tom said that the teacher’s explanation did not agree with the book, the teacher was embarrassed at being caught off base. Para. 8 20 It was this same misinterpretation which induced Christian theologians (神 学家) to reject the Nietzshean philosophy of the will to power in the name of the Christian idea of love: 正是这种错误的解释促使基督教的神学家们以基督仁爱思想的 名义拒绝尼采的意志权力论的哲学思想。 21. What is needed . sentimental and anemic: 1) 必须懂得没有爱的权力是毫无 节制、易被滥用的，而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感、苍白无力的。2) anemic: lacking vigour or vitality, lifeless Part IV (paras. 10—15 ) This part deal with economic security for the Negro Americans. The speaker advocates guaranteed annual income which he thinks is possible and achievable. He also deals on the advantages of this security. Para.10 22. And, in the thinking of that day,. moral fiber-And, the common view at that time was a person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong. a want of: a lack / absence of e.g. I’ll take this one for want of a better. 23.We’ve come a long way in understanding. economic system：1) 在对人的动机 的理解和对我们经济体制的无序运作的了解上，我们已经取得了很大的进展。2) have come a long way: have made a lot of progress e.g. We’ve come a long way since the days when you had to call an operator to phone another country. 3) being branded as: being marked as; If you are branded as something bad, people think you are that thing. 打上烙印，加污名于）e.g. The naughty boy was branded
as a trouble maker Para 11 24.This paragraph offers an answer to para.10,namely,how a guaranteed annual income can be achieved.-it can be achieved by creating full employment or creating income so that everyone will become a consumer. Para.12 25.It is not the work of slave.by animal necessity:The sentence means:This kind of work (mentioned in the previous sentence)cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done,because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed. Para 13 26.Negroes who.in their struggle-Negroes are in a two-fold disadvantage, that is,they are poor and black,but when they have money in their hands,they will have an additional weapon to fight more effectively against discrimination. Para.14. 27.when the unjust measurement.is eliminated1)when the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has is done away. 2)What is the metaphor used in the sentence?The metaphor is about measurement so"measurement”and“scale”are used here as if you could weigh value on a scale,and not an ordinary scale but a scale of dollars. 28 This para.sums up the advantages of having economic security as follows:1) the Negroes will have an additional weapon to fight discrimination:2)they will be able to solve many problems in education and housing by themselves 3)the dignity of the individual will grow and 4)family conflicts can be reduced. Para.15 29.it can spend billions.on earth:1)它能够花费几十亿美元帮助上帝的孩子自 立于这个世界。2)to put.on their own feet:.here)to put them in a healthy condition;to make them become financially independent Part V(Paras.16-20)In this part,the speaker reaffirms his commitment to nonviolence.He explains why he thinks violence is no solution to racial discrimination.He refuses the idea of Black revolution. Para.16
as a trouble maker. Para. 11 24. This paragraph offers an answer to para. 10, namely, how a guaranteed annual income can be achieved. - it can be achieved by creating full employment or creating income so that everyone will become a consumer. Para.12 25. It is not the work of slave.by animal necessity: The sentence means：This kind of work (mentioned in the previous sentence) cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed. Para.13 26. Negroes who . in their struggle- Negroes are in a two-fold disadvantage, that is, they are poor and black, but when they have money in their hands, they will have an additional weapon to fight more effectively against discrimination. Para.14. 27. when the unjust measurement. is eliminated :1) .when the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has is done away. 2) What is the metaphor used in the sentence? The metaphor is about measurement so “measurement ” and “scale” are used here as if you could weigh value on a scale, and not an ordinary scale but a scale of dollars. 28 This para. sums up the advantages of having economic security as follows: 1) the Negroes will have an additional weapon to fight discrimination; 2) they will be able to solve many problems in education and housing by themselves 3) the dignity of the individual will grow and 4) family conflicts can be reduced. Para.15 29 . it can spend billions . on earth: 1) 它能够花费几十亿美元帮助上帝的孩子自 立于这个世界。 2) to put . on their own feet: (here) to put them in a healthy condition; to make them become financially independent. Part V (Paras. 16—20 ) In this part, the speaker reaffirms his commitment to nonviolence. He explains why he thinks violence is no solution to racial discrimination. He refuses the idea of Black revolution. Para.16
30 impossible odds:odds:the probability that something will or will not happen 可能性，机会，e.g.(1)Against all the odds,.he recovered from his illness.出 人意料，他的病竞好了。(2)The odds were 10to1 against your winning. Para.17 31.Occasionally,.effective civil rights action:to contend:to argue;to strive in debate or controversy contend.with:与.竟争，争夺；contend for.为.争 斗、竞争e.ga.It is beyond my ken why some people have to contend to excel themselves to the end of their life b.Our football team is contending with the visiting team for the championship. 32.to pin down:to know or understand clearly:e.g.I seem to recognize the quotation.but I cannot pin it down to its author. Para.18 33.This is no action:1)pay attention to the patter:This is no time this is no time.2)现在不是进行浪漫幻想和对自由进行空洞的哲学辩论的时候。 现在是行动的时候。 34.Without recogni-ing this.that dont explain.1Question:What does"this refer to?-It may refer to the present need and the fact that only the nonviolent movement has offered a strategy.2)The Chinese meaning:不承认这-点，我们 最终的结果将是找到的办法不能泰效，找到的答案无法释疑，找到的理由不能自圆其 说。 3)Two rhetorical devices used in this sentence:Paradox and parallel structre. Paradox(似非而是的隽语)is a statement that appears to be logically contradictory and yet may be true,the purpose of which is to provoke fresh thought. There are 3 elements making up of paradox:a.statements seem self-contradicted,absurd,or against commonly accepted sense of values;b. dissociation of meaning in denotation and in connotation c.containing a potential truth or solution to problems,or a succinct point Para.19 35.stand by:to support.to maintain e.g.(1)I wouldn't break the law for a friend,but I would stand by her if she did. Para.20 36.demanding:苛求的，要求高的e.g.a demanding job:费力的工作；a demanding client:一位很苛求的客户 Part VI(paras.21-25)In this part Dr.King raises a fundamental question-the
30 impossible odds: odds: the probability that something will or will not happen 可能性，机会，e.g.（1）Against all the odds, he recovered from his illness.出 人意料，他的病竟好了。（2）The odds were 10 to 1 against your winning. Para. 17 31. Occasionally, . effective civil rights action: to contend : to argue; to strive in debate or controversy contend.with: 与.竞争，争夺; contend for.为.争 斗、竞争 e.g. a. It is beyond my ken why some people have to contend to excel themselves to the end of their life .b. Our football team is contending with the visiting team for the championship. 32 . to pin down: to know or understand clearly: e.g. I seem to recognize the quotation, but I cannot pin it down to its author. Para. 18 33. This is no time. for action: 1) pay attention to the pattern: This is no time. this is no time. 2) 现在不是进行浪漫幻想和对自由进行空洞的哲学辩论的时候， 现在是行动的时候。 34.Without recognizing this . that don’t explain. 1) Question: What does “this” refer to ?- It may refer to the present need and the fact that only the nonviolent movement has offered a strategy. 2) The Chinese meaning:不承认这一点，我们 最终的结果将是找到的办法不能奏效，找到的答案无法释疑，找到的理由不能自圆其 说。 3) Two rhetorical devices used in this sentence: Paradox and parallel structure. Paradox (似非而是的隽语) is a statement that appears to be logically contradictory and yet may be true, the purpose of which is to provoke fresh thought. There are 3 elements making up of paradox: a. statements seem self-contradicted, absurd, or against commonly accepted sense of values; b. dissociation of meaning in denotation and in connotation c. containing a potential truth or solution to problems, or a succinct point. Para. 19 35. stand by: to support. to maintain e.g. (1) I wouldn’t break the law for a friend, but I would stand by her if she did. Para. 20 36. demanding:苛求的，要求高的 e.g. a demanding job:费力的工作; a demanding client：一位很苛求的客户 Part VI (paras. 21—25 ) In this part Dr. King raises a fundamental question—the
restructuring of the whole of American society.He points out that the problem of racism,the problem of economic exploitation and the problem of war are tied together.They are the triple evils of the society.His analysis is sound.But how will the society be restructured?King does not state clearly in this section.But the implication of Para 25 seems to tell us to restructure the society with love, linking the idea up with the idea in Para.20. Para.21 37.address itself to:to direct one's energy to,to apply oneself to致力于，专心于 e.g.The company is addressing itself to the development of new medicines. Para.22 38.What is the significance of this para.?In this para.Dr.King points out that racism,economic exploitation and war are interrelated.He no longer treats racism as an isolated issue.This is great progress in his understanding of the root cause of racism. Para.23 39.Jesus didn1ge1 bogged down in1)耶稣并没有限于只就他不该做什么这一件 事情上指点迷津。2)get bogged down(in:to get stuck in,to(cause to)sink and become stuck in a bog:使陷入（困境），被阻；(bogn.:沼泽)e.g.They didn't get bogged down in difficulties.他们没有在困难面前停滞不前。 Para 24 40.And a nation that will.to protect them-to have foreign investments: meaning here:to invest in foreign countries Para.25 This para.can be regarded as the climax of this speech.In this para.,Dr.King makes clear his idea of the rebirth of America.In presenting his ideas,he is at his best in rhetoric. 41.Questions:What rhetorical devices does he use?1)Parallel structure:There are 11 sentences beginning with "let us be dissatisfied until"and two short sentences of"let us be dissatisfied".2)Antithesis:outer city of wealth and comfort vs.inner city of poverty and despair.dark yesterdays vs.bright tomorrows;on the basis of the content of their character vs.on the basis of the color of their skin 3)Metaphors and similes:the battering rams of the forces of justice;the junk heaps of history;justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream 4)biblical allusion:when the lion and lamb shall lie down together;every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid 5)Anaphora:the rhetorical device of repeating a word or
restructuring of the whole of American society. He points out that the problem of racism, the problem of economic exploitation and the problem of war are tied together. They are the triple evils of the society. His analysis is sound. But how will the society be restructured? King does not state clearly in this section. But the implication of Para 25 seems to tell us to restructure the society with love, linking the idea up with the idea in Para.20. Para. 21 37. address itself to: to direct one’s energy to; to apply oneself to 致力于，专心于 e.g. The company is addressing itself to the development of new medicines. Para.22 38. What is the significance of this para.?- In this para. Dr. King points out that racism, economic exploitation and war are interrelated. He no longer treats racism as an isolated issue. This is great progress in his understanding of the root cause of racism. Para. 23 39. Jesus didn’t get bogged down in . 1）耶稣并没有限于只就他不该做什么这一件 事情上指点迷津。2）get bogged down (in): to get stuck in , to (cause to) sink and become stuck in a bog: 使陷入（困境），被阻；(bog n.: 沼泽) e.g. They didn’t get bogged down in difficulties. 他们没有在困难面前停滞不前。 Para.24 40. And a nation that will. to protect them—to have foreign investments: meaning here: to invest in foreign countries. Para.25 This para. can be regarded as the climax of this speech. In this para., Dr. King makes clear his idea of the rebirth of America. In presenting his ideas, he is at his best in rhetoric. 41.Questions: What rhetorical devices does he use? 1) Parallel structure: There are 11 sentences beginning with “let us be dissatisfied until” and two short sentences of “let us be dissatisfied”. 2) Antithesis: outer city of wealth and comfort vs. inner city of poverty and despair; dark yesterdays vs. bright tomorrows; on the basis of the content of their character vs. on the basis of the color of their skin 3) Metaphors and similes: the battering rams of the forces of justice; the junk heaps of history; justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream 4) biblical allusion: when the lion and lamb shall lie down together; every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid 5) Anaphora: the rhetorical device of repeating a word or
phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. 42.Let us be dissatisfied until.an anemia of deeds-1)creed:a statement of belief.principle,or opinions on any subject 2)no longer have high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds:when one is excited,emotional,his blood pressure can be high,when one suffers from anemia,he can be weak,lack of strength and energy.Therefore,the phrase means:no longer be enthusiastic for racial equality only in word not in deed (no longer be a coward when it comes to taking action to fight for racial equality) 43.Let us be dissatisfied until those that live.daily security-1)This is a continuation of the idea expressed in the previous sentence.Since the inner city was dilapidated and the people living there were poor and in despair,crime rate was high and drug trafficking was serious.When a change is brought about,inner city may become secure again and people may move back.2)metropolis:any large city or center of population,culture,ete. 44.Let us be dissatisfied until slums.sanitary home-The Chinese version: 表示不满除非把贫民窟扔进历史的垃圾堆，每个家庭都住进像样的、配有卫生设施 的房子。 45.Let us be dissatisfied until every state capitolwith his God.-.每-幢国会大 厦都住的是一位行事公正、崇尚慈爱，谦恭地与主同行的州长.。1)house:v:2) state capitol:the building in which a state legislature meets. 46.Let us be dissatisfied until that day.none shall be afraid.-This statement means that people who are powerful and people who are weak can live together peacefully. Part VII(Paras.26-28)In these last paras King comes to the conclusion-"we shall overcome"with a tone of optimism and confidence though the tone is not strong. Para26 This para.serves as a transitional para.leading to the concluding remark: we shall overcome.The key idea of this para.is that Dr.King wams that the path ahead would not smooth and people should be prepared to face setbacks and frustrations. 47.There will be still rocky.,of bewilderment-仍然还会因前进的路上障碍重重 而受挫折，会因道路迂回曲折而迷失。 48.mou:a suddenly put an end toe.g.Italy's third goal snuffed out any hopes England had of winning the game.Both rebellions were snuffed out (平息)as quickly as they started b.(in American English infml.)kill
phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. 42. Let us be dissatisfied until . an anemia of deeds—1) creed: a statement of belief, principle, or opinions on any subject 2) no longer have high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds: when one is excited, emotional, his blood pressure can be high, when one suffers from anemia, he can be weak, lack of strength and energy. Therefore, the phrase means: no longer be enthusiastic for racial equality only in word not in deed (no longer be a coward when it comes to taking action to fight for racial equality) . 43.Let us be dissatisfied until those that live.daily security—1) This is a continuation of the idea expressed in the previous sentence. Since the inner city was dilapidated and the people living there were poor and in despair, crime rate was high and drug trafficking was serious. When a change is brought about, inner city may become secure again and people may move back. 2) metropolis: any large city or center of population, culture, etc. 44.Let us be dissatisfied until slums. sanitary home— The Chinese version: 我们要 表示不满除非把贫民窟扔进历史的垃圾堆，每个家庭都住进像样的、配有卫生设施 的房 子。 45.Let us be dissatisfied until every state capitol .with his God.-.每一幢国会大 厦都住的是一位行事公正、崇尚慈爱，谦恭地与主同行的州长.。1) house: v; 2) state capitol: the building in which a state legislature meets. 46. Let us be dissatisfied until that day.none shall be afraid.- This statement means that people who are powerful and people who are weak can live together peacefully. Part VII (Paras. 26—28 ) In these last paras King comes to the conclusion —“we shall overcome” with a tone of optimism and confidence though the tone is not strong. Para.26 This para. serves as a transitional para. leading to the concluding remark: we shall overcome. The key idea of this para. is that Dr. King warns that the path ahead would not smooth and people should be prepared to face setbacks and frustrations. 47. There will be still rocky. of bewilderment- 仍然还会因前进的路上障碍重重 而受挫折，会因道路迂回曲折而迷失。 48. snuff out: a. suddenly put an end to; e.g. Italy’s third goal snuffed out any hopes England had of winning the game. Both rebellions were snuffed out (平息) as quickly as they started. b. (in American English infml.) kill
someone e.g.He got snuffed out in the first five minutes of the movie Para.27. 49.Let this affirmation be our ringing cry-1)This sentence takes a transitional function,linking this para.with the previous one.2)Affirmation refers to the last few lines of the poem,that is,we can now see the first light of bright future.3)Let us take these lines as our rallying call. Para.28. 50.Question:How does Dr.King end his speech?-He ends his speech with a note of optimism and confidence but this optimism is not strong.By then,with the split within the rank of the Civil Rights Movement and the suppression of riots in the"long hot summers"starting 1965,Dr.King was less optimistic that he used to be in 1963 when delivered his famous"I have a dream"speech. V.Useful words and expressions to lag,in proportion to,white lie,to perpetuate,black sheep,to strain (to do, towards sth.),to strip (sb./sth.)of,to excel,upset(meaning:overthrow). (be)subject to,off base,to have come a long way in.,be branded (as).(to put).on one's own feet,stand by (maintain),to address oneself to,to contend.with /for,available
someone e.g. He got snuffed out in the first five minutes of the movie. Para. 27. 49. Let this affirmation be our ringing cry-1) This sentence takes a transitional function, linking this para. with the previous one. 2) Affirmation refers to the last few lines of the poem, that is, we can now see the first light of bright future. 3) Let us take these lines as our rallying call. Para. 28. 50. Question: How does Dr. King end his speech? - He ends his speech with a note of optimism and confidence but this optimism is not strong. By then, with the split within the rank of the Civil Rights Movement and the suppression of riots in the “long hot summers” starting 1965, Dr. King was less optimistic that he used to be in 1963 when delivered his famous “I have a dream” speech. V. Useful words and expressions to lag, in proportion to, white lie, to perpetuate, black sheep, to strain (to do, towards sth.), to strip (sb./ sth. ) of , to excel, upset (meaning: overthrow), (be) subject to, off base, to have come a long way in., be branded (as), (to put) . on one’s own feet, stand by (maintain), to address oneself to, to contend.with /for, available