Part II: Virtual Reality Based Surgical Simulations
Part II: Virtual Reality Based Surgical Simulations
Outline Introduction to Virtual Surgery ■ Virtual Endoscopic Surgery ■ Interactive FEM based cutting and deformation Orthopedic surgery simulation with soft tissue deformation and bleeding Vascular and Interventional Surgical Simulation Ultrasound biopsy simulation with 6DOF haptics
Outline n Introduction to Virtual Surgery n Virtual Endoscopic Surgery n Interactive FEM based cutting and deformation n Orthopedic surgery simulation with soft tissue deformation and bleeding n Vascular and Interventional Surgical Simulation n Ultrasound biopsy simulation with 6DOF haptics
Significance of Virtual Surgery Safety avoid medical errors Reusability ■Repeatability Cost effective in the long run Speed up learning curve To enable surgical rehearsal,planning or training in cyberspace
Significance of Virtual Surgery n Safety – avoid medical errors n Reusability n Repeatability n Cost effective in the long run n Speed up learning curve n To enable surgical rehearsal, planning or training in cyberspace
Challenges Real-time photorealistic visualization Haptic simulation of tissue responses Complexity of tissue mechanics Real-time interactivity against Accuracy ■Accuracy今comprehensive modeling Real-time>30 Hz for graphics,1000 Hz for haptics feedback devices
Challenges n Real-time photorealistic visualization n Haptic simulation of tissue responses n Complexity of tissue mechanics n Real-time interactivity against Accuracy n Accuracy à comprehensive modeling n Real-time à 30 Hz for graphics, 1000 Hz for haptics feedback devices
Dilemmas in Surgical Training on cadaver? ● limited supply o no dynamic conditions on animal? o different from human o no complications on real patient? omay harm patients ● non-repeatable
Dilemmas in Surgical Training on cadaver? l limited supply l no dynamic conditions on animal? l different from human l no complications on real patient? l may harm patients l non-repeatable
Virtual Reality based Solution Deliver cost-effeetive medical learming with integrated software and bardware in a 3D virtual space Surgical Learning Training Integrate as standard teaching eurrieulum Improved patient safety
Virtual Reality based Solution Deliver cost-effective medical learning n with integrated software and hardware n in a 3D virtual space Surgical Learning & Training Integrate as standard teaching curriculum l Improved patient safety
Surgical Simulation Research Classification of Surgical Simulation Needle-base surgical simulation Minimally Invasive Surgery Simulation Open Surgery Simulation ■ Components of Surgical Simulation Deformation Models ■Collision Detection Virtual and Haptic Display ■Evaluation
Surgical Simulation Research n Classification of Surgical Simulation n Needle-base surgical simulation n Minimally Invasive Surgery Simulation n Open Surgery Simulation n Components of Surgical Simulation n Deformation Models n Collision Detection n Virtual and Haptic Display n Evaluation
Needle-based Surgical Simulation Use needles,catheters,guidewires and other small bore instruments Relatively inexpensive ■Cases ■Vascular Access ■Pericardiocentesis ■ Diagnostic peritoneal lavage U S U/N C A Medioal Simation
Needle-based Surgical Simulation n Use needles, catheters, guidewires and other small bore instruments n Relatively inexpensive n Cases n Vascular Access n Pericardiocentesis n Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
Minimally Invasive Surgery Simulation Features Use specially designed instruments. Visual feedback is obtained via inserted scopes,cameras or fiber- optic devices These instruments have a limited range of motion. Limitation Surgical effects:bleeding,blood pooling,tissues tearing ■ Real-time tissue and organ deformation are generally limited to specific organs.Arteries,dusts and other tubular structures
Minimally Invasive Surgery Simulation Features n Use specially designed instruments. n Visual feedback is obtained via inserted scopes, cameras or fiberoptic devices . n These instruments have a limited range of motion. Limitation n Surgical effects: bleeding, blood pooling, tissues tearing n Real-time tissue and organ deformation are generally limited to specific organs. Arteries, dusts and other tubular structures
Open Surgery Simulation Open surgery requires larger incisions in the body. The virtual field,range of haptic feedback and freedom of motion are larger ■ Cases vascular anastomosis simulators ■ abdominal trauma simulators
Open Surgery Simulation n Open surgery requires larger incisions in the body. n The virtual field, range of haptic feedback and freedom of motion are larger n Cases n vascular anastomosis simulators n abdominal trauma simulators
