CHAPTER1 OBJECTVES OF PLANT BREEDING 产植物育种月标 BY s Niu Yingze (牛应门
植物育种目标 BY Niu Yingze （牛应泽） Dept. of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering CHAPTER 1 OBJECTIVES OF PLANT BREEDING
Chapter 1 Breeding Objectives 育种目标 Study Goals of This Chapter Main Objectives in Current Plant Breeding General Principles for Decision of Plant Breeding Objectives 2021/2/21 2
2021/2/21 2 Study Goals of This Chapter • Main Objectives in Current Plant Breeding • General Principles for Decision of Plant Breeding Objectives Chapter 1 Breeding Objectives 育种目标
What Are Plant breeding objectives? Plant breeding objectives are the desired required characteristics for a new crop variety, such as Yield, Quality, Resistance Maturity, Adaptability, etc. See p. 12 2021/2/21
2021/2/21 3 What Are Plant Breeding Objectives? Plant breeding objectives are the desired / required characteristics for a new crop variety, such as Yield, Quality, Resistance, Maturity, Adaptability, etc.) See p. 12
s 1 The Main Characters in Plant Breeding Objectives l. Yield The Main Factors Affecting Crop Yield: 1) Main components of yield: Cereals(rice, wheat, maize, sorghum)禾谷类 Ears/plant, Ear size( grains/ear), 1000-seed weight, plant types leguminous plants豆类植物 Pods/plant, Grains/pod, 100-seed weight, no of Branches Rapeseed油菜 Pods/plant, Seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight, no of Branches Chinese cabbages大白菜 Heads/mu, Weight/ head arationalconbinuiionof yield 2021/2/21 componenisyis veryunyporill g
2021/2/21 4 1. Yield The Main Factors Affecting Crop Yield: 1) Main components of yield: • Cereals (rice, wheat, maize,sorghum) 禾谷类 Ears/plant, Ear size( grains/ear), 1000-seed weight, plant types • leguminous plants 豆类植物 Pods/plant, Grains/pod, 100-seed weight, no. of Branches • Rapeseed 油菜 Pods/plant, Seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight, no. of Branches • Chinese Cabbages 大白菜 Heads/mu, Weight / head §1 The Main Characters in Plant Breeding Objectives A rational combination of yield components is very important
2) Plant type(Ideotypes) size, shape, hight (Associated to plant density and production) Plant forms: Tight紧凑型( for high density) Loose松散型( for low density) Intermediate中间型 Plant height: Tall. dwarf semi-dwarf Economical coefficient经济系数 3) Photosynthetic efficiency光合效率 C3-less efficient: C4-more efficient Duration of green leaf Plant form or shape植物形态
2021/2/21 5 2) Plant type (Ideotypes): size, shape, hight (Associated to plant density and production) Plant forms: Tight 紧凑型(for high density) Loose 松散型(for low density) Intermediate 中间型 Plant height: Tall, Dwarf, semi-dwarf Economical coefficient 经济系数 3) Photosynthetic efficiency 光合效率 C3 — less efficient； C4 — more efficient Duration of green leaf Plant form or shape 植物形态
2 Quality品质 1) Nutritive quality营养品种 protein, amino acids) 2) Processing quality加工品质( baking, milling) 3) Commercial quality商业品质( appearance) 4) Texture and flavor适口性 5) Healthy and toxic elements保健与有毒成份 High crop quality is always negatively related to yield
2021/2/21 6 2. Quality 品质 1) Nutritive quality 营养品种 （protein, amino acids) 2) Processing quality 加工品质 (baking, milling) 3) Commercial quality 商业品质 (appearance) 4) Texture and flavor 适口性 5) Healthy and toxic elements 保健与有毒成份 High crop quality is always negatively related to yield
3 Maturity熟期 early maturing medium maturing late maturing Different types of maturity facilitate different cropping systems
2021/2/21 7 3.Maturity 熟期 • early maturing • medium maturing • late maturing Different types of maturity facilitate different cropping systems
4. Resistance抗性 Disease resistance抗病性 Pest insect resistance抗虫性 Stress resistance or tolerance Figure 8. Heavy infection of stem rust on triticale. Note hat leaf blades and sheaths are also affected (drought, coldness, freeze, salinity, alkalinity) Figure 9. Uredia of P. graminis. Note the loose epiderma
2021/2/21 8 4. Resistance 抗性 • Disease Resistance 抗病性 • Pest insect Resistance 抗虫性 • Stress Resistance or Tolerance (drought, coldness, freeze, salinity, alkalinity)
5. Adaptation to new cultivation practices 适应新栽培方式与技术 Mechanized crop production机械化作物生产 Facility( protected) agricultural production设施(保护 地)农业生j OF Glasshouse(greenhouse, plastic house) farming Soilless farming Non-public-harm plant production (environmentally friendly crop production)
2021/2/21 9 5. Adaptation to new cultivation Practices 适应新栽培方式与技术 • Mechanized crop production 机械化作物生产 • Facility （protected) agricultural production 设施(保护 地）农业生产 For Glasshouse (greenhouse, plastic house) farming Soilless farming Non-public-harm plant production (environmentally friendly crop production)
82 General principles for making breeding objectives制定育种目标的一般原则 The Importance of Plant Breeding Objectives: Breeding objectives are a blue print for a plant breeding program It determines(or it is a key to) the success of a plant breeding program 202l/2/21
2021/2/21 10 §2 General principles for making breeding objectives 制定育种目标的一般原则 ➢ Breeding objectives are a blue print for a plant breeding program. It determines (or it is a key to) the success of a plant breeding program. The Importance of Plant Breeding Objectives：