REVIEW
REVIEW
hangingwall ramp A-Ramps and flats hangingwall B- Hangingwall ramp and footwall footwall ramp footwall ramp C-? thrust sequence New thrusts develop in the footwall D-? thrust sequence New thrusts develop in the Hangingwall E- Thrust duplex roof thrust imbricate thrust slices are contained between a floor imbricate zone floor thrust thrust and a roof thrust F-Pop-up structure frontal ramp back thrust G- Triangle zone
A - Ramps and flats B – Hangingwall ramp and footwall ramp C – ? thrust sequence New thrusts develop in the footwall D – ? thrust sequence New thrusts develop in the Hangingwall E – Thrust duplex: imbricate thrust slices are contained between a floor thrust and a roof thrust F - Pop -up structure G – Triangle zone ? ? ?
Extensional Fault Systems Mylonites forming in delamination z A- Evolutionary model illustrating progressive extension accommodated by block rotation above a low-angle Rumple detachment taunts matay extensional fault Kinematic aotive meloni B- Listric fault with hangingwall rollover Youngest detachment faull A Hall-graben anticline. Area A and b are equal granite气 eC-Flat/ramp geometry of fault produces geometrically necessary folding in Hollow hangingwall hangingwall bloc Ramp I D- Antithetic faults in hangingwall E-Synthetic faults in footwall forming Litre fan listric fan hangingwall Hangingwall F- Extensional duplex with listric fan and Listne tan Counter fan antithetic counter fan G- Two listric faults linked by a transfer fault all three detach on the same sole fault
Extensional Fault Systems A- Evolutionary model illustrating progressive extension accommodated by block rotation above a low-angle extensional fault. B- Listric fault with hangingwall rollover anticline. Area A and B are equal. C – Flat/ramp geometry of fault produces geometrically necessary folding in hangingwall. D- Antithetic faults in hangingwall. E – Synthetic faults in footwall forming listric fan. F- Extensional duplex with listric fan and antithetic counter fan. G- Two listric faults linked by a transfer fault;all three detach on the same sole fault
Strike-slip fault system A- Local compressional Fault termination and extensional struc tures produced by fault terminations and fault Fault overlap overlaps B-Formation of raised Before movement After movement and depressed wedge shaped blocks by local transpression and transtension T2[34 Positive and negative flower structures produ Positive flower structure ced by convergence and divergence respectively in strike-slip motion Out of page Negative flower structure 3 D-Strike-slip duplex
Strike-slip fault system A- Local compressional and extensional structures produced by fault terminations and fault overlaps. B-Formation of raised and depressed wedgeshaped blocks by local transpression and transtension. C- Positive and negative flower structures produced by convergence and divergence respectively in strike-slip motion D-Strike-slip duplex
Lecture 11 Invension and joints
Lecture 11 Invension and Joints
入 Lecture 1 1 Inversion and joints Lecture outline INversion 2) Definition of fracturing: joints i faults and veins 3)Joint patterns 4)Joint surface 5)Joint statistics
Lecture 11 Inversion and Joints Lecture Outline 1) Inversion 2) Definition of fracturing: joints, faults and veins 3) Joint patterns 4) Joint surface 5) Joint statistics
A B Inversion: extensional half-graben reactivated in compression. Note that compressional folds coexisit with net normal displacement
Inversion: extensional half-graben reactivated in compression. Note that compressional folds coexisit with net normal displacement
FRACTURING: 1) Rupture-loss of cohesion, breaking of bonds 2)Displacement a) No sliding-Joint b)Sliding- Fault c) Cemented filled by minerals - vein Jointing ↑ Faulting Ining
FRACTURING: 1) Rupture – loss of cohesion, breaking of bonds 2) Displacement a) No sliding – Joint b) Sliding – Fault c) Cemented & filled by minerals - Vein Jointing Faulting Veining
EXTENSION JOINTS: LimEsTonE Sandstone
EXTENSION JOINTS: LIMESTONE & SANDSTONE
VEINS: EVIDENCE FOR FLUID FLOW
VEINS: EVIDENCE FOR FLUID FLOW