甲状腺功能亢进症相关并发症 南方医科大学珠江医院内分泌科程彦臻 副主任医师 Department of Endocrinology Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University
甲状腺功能亢进症相关并发症 南方医科大学珠江医院内分泌科 程彦臻 副主任医师 Department of Endocrinology Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University
常见并发症 个 。甲状腺危象 ■Graves眼病 ■甲状腺毒症性心脏病 。妊娠期甲亢
■ 甲状腺危象 ■ Graves眼病 ■ 甲状腺毒症性心脏病 ■ 妊娠期甲亢 常见并发症
甲状腺危象(thyrotoxic crisis) 个 甲状腺毒症急性加重的一个综合征,血液中甲状腺激素急剧增高 Inducement: ·Infection感染,Stress/应激,Trauma创伤,Surgery手术,Radiation thyroiditis放射性甲状腺 炎 Manifestation ·Hyperpyrexia(39C)高热或者过高热 ·Rapid pulse rate(140次/分) ·cardiac arrhythmias心律不齐,congestive cardiac failure充血性心衰,Hypotension低血压 ·Anorexia)厌食,Nausea恶心,vomitingl呕吐,abdominal pain腹痛 ·Anxious烦躁,Apathy淡漠,delirium精神失常,stupor木僵,Coma昏迷
甲状腺危象(thyrotoxic crisis) 甲状腺毒症急性加重的一个综合征,血液中甲状腺激素急剧增高 Inducement: • Infection感染,Stress应激,Trauma创伤,Surgery手术,Radiation thyroiditis放射性甲状腺 炎 Manifestation : • Hyperpyrexia (>39℃) 高热或者过高热 • Rapid pulse rate (>140次/分) • cardiac arrhythmias 心律不齐,congestive cardiac failure充血性心衰,Hypotension低血压 • Anorexia厌食,Nausea恶心,vomiting呕吐,abdominal pain腹痛 • Anxious烦躁, Apathy淡漠,delirium精神失常,stupor木僵,Coma昏迷
甲状腺危象(thyrotoxic crisis) 分数 心血管系统症状 分数 体温(C) 心率(次/分)口 37.2 99-109 37.8 10 110-119 10 38.3 15 120-129 15 38.9 20 130-139 20 39.4 25 140 25 40 30 充血性心衰 中枢神经系统症状 无 0 无 0 轻度(脚肿) 5 轻(焦虑) 10 中度(双肺底湿罗音) 中度(谵妄、精神病、昏睡) 20 重度(肺水肿) 15 重度(癫痫、昏迷) 30 心房颤动 消化系统 无 0 无 0 有 10 中度(腹泻、恶心、呕吐、腹痛) 10 因 重度(不能解释的黄疸) 20 无 有 10 分数245为甲亢危象,分数25-44为危象前期,分数<25无危象
甲状腺危象(thyrotoxic crisis) 分数≥45为甲亢危象,分数25-44为危象前期,分数<25无危象
甲状腺危象(thyrotoxic crisis) Treatment goal:disrupt adrenergically-mediated thyroid hormone action and inhibit further hormone synthesis and release 1.Treat precipitating cause治疗原发病 2.Inhibits synthesis of hormones from thyroid gland抑制TH合成: PTU:It also can Inhibits synthesis of more T3 from T4 at peripheral tissues Frist:600mg,then 200-300mg,Q6h 3.Inhibits release of hormones from thyroid gland抑制TH释放: Saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI)or sodium iodide: ·服PTU后1~2h再加用复方碘溶液,5滴,q8h,3-7天 ·或碘化钠静脉点滴,碘过敏者用碳酸锂0.5~1.5g/d 4.Beta-blocker therapy Propranolol 60~80mg Q6~8h
1. Treat precipitating cause 治疗原发病 2. Inhibits synthesis of hormones from thyroid gland 抑制TH合成: • PTU:It also can Inhibits synthesis of more T3 from T4 at peripheral tissues • Frist:600mg,then 200-300mg,Q6h 3. Inhibits release of hormones from thyroid gland 抑制TH释放: • Saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) or sodium iodide: • 服PTU后1~2h再加用复方碘溶液,5滴,q8h,3-7天 • 或碘化钠静脉点滴, 碘过敏者用碳酸锂 0.5~1.5g/d 4. Beta-blocker therapy • Propranolol 60~80mg Q6~8h 甲状腺危象(thyrotoxic crisis) Treatment goal: disrupt adrenergically-mediated thyroid hormone action and inhibit further hormone synthesis and release
甲状腺危象(thyrotoxic crisis) 个 5. Hydrocortisone氢化可的松 。 Inhibits further hormone release from gland Inhibits peripheral synthesis of T3 from T4 。 Synergistic effect with PTU and iodine Brings serum T3 concentration to normal limits within 24-48 hours 6. Treat fever and dehydration ·降温,避免用水杨酸类 1. Dialysis透析 8. 迅速纠正水电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱,补充葡萄糖、热量和多种维生素
5. Hydrocortisone 氢化可的松 • Inhibits further hormone release from gland • Inhibits peripheral synthesis of T3 from T4 • Synergistic effect with PTU and iodine • Brings serum T3 concentration to normal limits within 24-48 hours 6. Treat fever and dehydration • 降温,避免用水杨酸类 7. Dialysis透析 8. 迅速纠正水电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱,补充葡萄糖、热量和多种维生素 甲状腺危象(thyrotoxic crisis)
Graves眼病 个 ·excessive tearing多泪,exophthalmos(asymmetrical))不对称突眼,eyelids unclosed眼睑闭合不良,blurred vision 视物模糊,double vision复视,corneas ulcerated角膜溃疡,infected sight loss失明 ·Orbital contents increased,,containing mucoprotein(粘蛋白),GAG(糖胺聚糖),lymphocytes(淋巴细 胞),extraocular muscles swelling(眼外肌肿胀) The Ophthalmopathy of Grayes Disease Advanced Graves'Ophthalmopathy Normal Anatomy 2的2582988
• excessive tearing多泪,exophthalmos (asymmetrical)不对称突眼,eyelids unclosed眼睑闭合不良,blurred vision 视物模糊,double vision复视,corneas ulcerated角膜溃疡, infected sight loss失明 • Orbital contents increased,containing mucoprotein(粘蛋白), GAG(糖胺聚糖), lymphocytes(淋巴细 胞),extraocular muscles swelling(眼外肌肿胀) Graves眼病
美国甲状腺协会Graves眼病的分级(ATA,NOSPECS) 个 分级眼部症状和体征 0(N)无症状和体征(No signs or symptoms) 1(O)仅有体征,无症状(Only signs,no symptoms) 2(S)软组织受累,有症状,又有体征(Soft tissue involvement). 3(P)突眼(Proptosis>18mm) 4(E)眼外肌受累(Extaocular muscle involvement) 5(C)角膜受累(Corneal involvement) 6(S)视力丧失Sight loss(optic nerve involvement)
美国甲状腺协会Graves眼病的分级(ATA, NOSPECS) 分级 眼部症状和体征 0 (N) 无症状和体征(No signs or symptoms) 1 (O) 仅有体征,无症状(Only signs, no symptoms) 2 (S) 软组织受累,有症状,又有体征(Soft tissue involvement) 3 (P) 突眼(Proptosis>18mm) 4 (E) 眼外肌受累 (Extaocular muscle involvement ) 5 (C) 角膜受累(Corneal involvement) 6 (S) 视力丧失Sight loss(optic nerve involvement)
Graves眼病 ① 1.一般治疗与护理:高枕卧位、利尿剂、保护眼睛 2.活动性G0抑制自身免疫:首选糖皮质激素,持续3~6月 强的松:40`80mg/d,2ˇ4周 每24周减2.5`10mg持续3`12月 3.球后放射治疗,持续2周 4.甲亢的处理 5.眶减压术 6.戒烟
1.一般治疗与护理:高枕卧位、利尿剂、保护眼睛 2.活动性GO抑制自身免疫:首选糖皮质激素,持续3~6月 强的松:40~80mg/d, 2~4周 每2~4周减2.5~10mg 持续3~12月 3.球后放射治疗,持续2周 4.甲亢的处理 5.眶减压术 6.戒烟 Graves眼病
Thyrotoxic heart disease甲状腺毒症性心脏病 个 由于甲亢长时间未控制所并发的心脏并发症,甲亢治疗后心衰可明显好转 ·Arrhythmia心律失常:Atrial fibrilation心房纤颤 ·Cardiac enlargement心脏增大:心房和心室均可扩大 、Cardiac failure心力衰竭:右心衰或者全心衰 ·高排出量型心衰:心动过速十心排量增加 ·泵衰竭:诱发和加重已有或潜在缺血性心脏病
Thyrotoxic heart disease 甲状腺毒症性心脏病 由于甲亢长时间未控制所并发的心脏并发症,甲亢治疗后心衰可明显好转 • Arrhythmia心律失常:Atrial fibrilation 心房纤颤 • Cardiac enlargement 心脏增大:心房和心室均可扩大 • Cardiac failure 心力衰竭 :右心衰或者全心衰 • 高排出量型心衰:心动过速+心排量增加 • 泵衰竭:诱发和加重已有或潜在缺血性心脏病