Unit 8 Section a I Background Knowledge Eatonville(A) It is a small community of great significance to African-American history and culture Located just north of Orlando, Florida between Winter Park and Maitland, it is historically recognized as the first incorporated African-American municipality in the United States and one of the oldest surviving African communities in the U.S. Following the Civil War, free "Africans settling in the area worked primarily as farm hands clearing land or helping in the construction of nearby Maitland, a white township Eatonville(b) Eatonville is culturally important for its renowned native daughter, Zora Neale Hurston author, anthropologist and folklorist Her words captured forever the culture of the community and painted an image of an environment typical of the rural Southern working-class African-American Each January, Eatonville plays host to the Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities In addition to Zora Neale Hurston, other notable residents of Eatonville include Hall of Fame football player, Deacon Jones and Dr. Benjamin Perry, president of Florida A&M University. Orlando(a) It is the fifth-ranking U.s. destination of overseas travelers after San francisco. miami Los Angeles and New York City -and it claims the second highest number of hotel rooms in the U.S., lagging just behind Las Vegas in the bedroom stakes. The city has also established itself as part of Floridas high-tech coridor, boasting not only the space technology industries focused on the Florida Space Coast(also keen on" booms), but a healthy dose of bits and bytes makers as Orlando(b) There wasn't much to Orlando until Walt Disney started buying up property at the citys southwestern edge in the 1960s and the property he bought became Disney World in 1971. Since then, waterslides, roller coasters, fairy tale palaces and costumed characters have made disney World one of the world's most visited tourist attractions Zora Neale Hurston(1891-1960)(A) American writer, folklorist and anthropologist. Born in Eatonville, Florida, Hurston was educated at Howard University, at Barnard College, and at Columbia University, where she studied under German-American anthropologist Franz boas. Eatonville was the first incorporated in the United States, and hurston returned there after college for anthropological field study that influenced her later output in fiction as well as in folklore Zora Neale Hurston(1891-1960)(B) Hurston also collected folklore in Jamaica, Haiti, Bermuda, and Honduras. Mules and Men (1935), one of her best-known folklore collections, was based on her field research in the American South. Tell My Horse(1938)described folk customs in Haiti and Jamaica
Unit 8 Section A I. Background Knowledge Eatonville (A) It is a small community of great significance to African-American history and culture. Located just north of Orlando, Florida between Winter Park and Maitland, it is historically recognized as the first incorporated African-American municipality in the United States and one of the oldest surviving African communities in the U.S. Following the Civil War, “free” Africans settling in the area worked primarily as farm hands clearing land or helping in the construction of nearby Maitland, a white township. Eatonville (B) Eatonville is culturally important for its renowned native daughter, Zora Neale Hurston, author, anthropologist and folklorist. Her words captured forever the culture of the community and painted an image of an environment typical of the rural Southern working-class African-American. Each January, Eatonville plays host to the Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities. In addition to Zora Neale Hurston, other notable residents of Eatonville include Hall of Fame football player, Deacon Jones and Dr. Benjamin Perry, president of Florida A&M University. Orlando (A) It is the fifth-ranking U.S. destination of overseas travelers — after San Francisco, Miami, Los Angeles and New York City — and it claims the second highest number of hotel rooms in the U.S., lagging just behind Las Vegas in the bedroom stakes. The city has also established itself as part of Florida’s high-tech corridor, boasting not only the space technology industries focused on the Florida Space Coast (also keen on “booms”), but a healthy dose of bits and bytes makers as well. Orlando (B) There wasn’t much to Orlando until Walt Disney started buying up property at the city’s southwestern edge in the 1960s and the property he bought became Disney World in 1971. Since then, waterslides, roller coasters, fairy tale palaces and costumed characters have made Disney World one of the world’s most visited tourist attractions. Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) (A) American writer, folklorist and anthropologist. Born in Eatonville, Florida, Hurston was educated at Howard University, at Barnard College, and at Columbia University, where she studied under German-American anthropologist Franz Boas. Eatonville was the first incorporated all-black town in the United States, and Hurston returned there after college for anthropological field study that influenced her later output in fiction as well as in folklore. Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) (B) Hurston also collected folklore in Jamaica, Haiti, Bermuda, and Honduras. Mules and Men (1935), one of her best-known folklore collections, was based on her field research in the American South. Tell My Horse (1938) described folk customs in Haiti and Jamaica
a fiction writer, Hurston is noted for her metaphorical language, her story-telling abilities, writers such as Langston Hughes and Wallace Thurman, produced in 191g on w. Des. Some of her and her interest in and celebration of Southern black culture in the United st earliest work was published in the small magazine Fire!, whic long with notable Zora Neale Hurston(1891-1960)(C) Her best-known novel is Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), in which she tracked a Southern black woman's search, over 25 years and 3 marriages, for her true identity and community in which she can develop that identity. Hurston's prolific literary output also includes such novels as Jonah's Gourd Vine(1934)and Seraph on the Suwanee(1948), short stories, plays, journal articles, and an autobiography, Dust Tracks on a Road(1942). Hurston's work was not political, but her characters'use of dialect, her manner of portraying black culture, and her conservatism created controversy within the black community Zora Neale Hurston(1891-1960)(D) Throughout her career she addressed issues of race and gender, often relating them to the search for freedom. In her later years Hurston experienced health problems, and she died impoverished and unrecognized by the literar Init. Her writings, however,were rediscovered in the 1970s by a new generation of black writers, notably Alice Walker, and many of Hurston's works were republished. In 1995 a two-volume set of her writings, some previously unpublished, was released cksonvil It is 134 miles northeast of Orlando, Florida. Once infamous for its smelly paper mills, it is now one of the Souths insurance and banking capitals. Although Jacksonville claims to be the capital of Floridas historic"First Coast", the city dates its beginnings from an early-1800s ttlement named Cowford because cattle crossed the st. johns river here. Cowford changed its name to Jacksonville in 1822 to honor General Andrew Jackson, the provisional governor who forced Spain to cede Florida to the United States 2 years earlier II. Text Analysis Main idea of the text: When I was young living in the Negro town of Eatonville, I enjoyed watching and contacting the white people. To me, the difference between black and white was that the white rode through town and never lived there when i moved to a school in Jacksonville. i was taken as a black girl It didn t depress me, though. Rather, I regarded as an advantage the history that my forefathers had been slaves. In my view, people of different colors are just the differently colored bags with almost the same contents in them How is the text organized? The passage is divided into three parts. In the first part, the author makes it clear that Zora, as a little black girl, didnt feel any difference from the white The second part serves as a transitional part, relating that Zora was made to realize that she was a black girl. The third part comes to the argument that the knowledge of being a black girl didnt depress Zora, and she was not always conscious of her color Part 1(Paras. 1-3) I didn't feel the difference between the black and the white when i was a little girl
As a fiction writer, Hurston is noted for her metaphorical language, her story-telling abilities, and her interest in and celebration of Southern black culture in the United States. Some of her earliest work was published in the small magazine Fire!!, which Hurston, along with notable writers such as Langston Hughes and Wallace Thurman, produced in 1926. Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) (C) Her best-known novel is Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), in which she tracked a Southern black woman’s search, over 25 years and 3 marriages, for her true identity and a community in which she can develop that identity. Hurston’s prolific literary output also includes such novels as Jonah’s Gourd Vine (1934) and Seraph on the Suwanee (1948), short stories, plays, journal articles, and an autobiography, Dust Tracks on a Road (1942). Hurston’s work was not political, but her characters’ use of dialect, her manner of portraying black culture, and her conservatism created controversy within the black community. Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) (D) Throughout her career she addressed issues of race and gender, often relating them to the search for freedom. In her later years Hurston experienced health problems, and she died impoverished and unrecognized by the literary community. Her writings, however, were rediscovered in the 1970s by a new generation of black writers, notably Alice Walker, and many of Hurston’s works were republished. In 1995 a two-volume set of her writings, some previously unpublished, was released. Jacksonville It is 134 miles northeast of Orlando, Florida. Once infamous for its smelly paper mills, it is now one of the South’s insurance and banking capitals.Although Jacksonville claims to be the capital of Florida’s historic “First Coast”, the city dates its beginnings from an early-1800s settlement named Cowford, because cattle crossed the St. Johns River here. Cowford changed its name to Jacksonville in 1822 to honor General Andrew Jackson, the provisional governor who forced Spain to cede Florida to the United States 2 years earlier. II. Text Analysis Main idea of the text: When I was young living in the Negro town of Eatonville, I enjoyed watching and contacting the white people. To me, the difference between black and white was that the white rode through town and never lived there. When I moved to a school in Jacksonville, I was taken as a black girl. It didn’t depress me, though. Rather, I regarded as an advantage the history that my forefathers had been slaves. In my view, people of different colors are just the differently colored bags with almost the same contents in them. How is the text organized? The passage is divided into three parts. In the first part, the author makes it clear that Zora, as a little black girl, didn’t feel any difference from the white. The second part serves as a transitional part, relating that Zora was made to realize that she was a black girl. The third part comes to the argument that the knowledge of being a black girl didn’t depress Zora, and she was not always conscious of her color. Part 1 (Paras. 1-3) I didn’t feel the difference between the black and the white when I was a little girl
Part 2(Para. 4) A transitional paragraph. I was made to realize that I was a little black girl Part 3(Paras. 5- My family background of having slave forefathers and my color didnt give me the feeling of being inferior to the white Part 1(para. 1-3) Main idea? When I was a little girl, I enjoyed making some contacts with the white, and didn't see any difference between black and white except that the white rode through town and never lived there Devices for developing it? Specific-general(分一总法) A general statement Though I was a black, I did not feel any difference between the black and the white The only difference I felt about the white was that they rode through town and never lived there. They liked to hear me speak and sing and wanted to see me dance and then they gave me a bit of money Part II(Para. 3-4) Main It was when I was thirteen that I found out in my heart as well as in the mirror that I was a little black girl Devices for developing it Cause and effect(因果法) Cause: But changes came to the family when I was thirteen, and I was sent to school in Jacksonville. I left Eatonville as Zora. When I got off the riverboat at Jacksonville, she was no more Effect: It seemed that I had suffered a huge changel was not Zora of Eatonville any more; I was now a little black girl. I found it out in certain ways. In my heart as well as in the mirror I became a permanent brown- like the best shoe polish, guaranteed not to rub nor run Part lll(Para. 5-9) Main idea? Now as an adult, I don t think that being the granddaughter of slaves has negative effect on me. I dont always feel colored, and in the main I believe different races are just bags of different colors which are filled with almost same contents Devices for developing it? eneral- specific(总分法) Description(描写法) General statement. It fails to register depression with me Specific 1. Slavery is something sixty years in the past
Part 2 (Para. 4) A transitional paragraph. I was made to realize that I was a little black girl . Part 3 (Paras. 5-7) My family background of having slave forefathers and my color didn’t give me the feeling of being inferior to the white. Part 1 (para.1-3) Main idea? When I was a little girl, I enjoyed making some contacts with the white, and didn’t see any difference between black and white except that the white rode through town and never lived there. Devices for developing it? Specific-general (分—总法) A general statement: Though I was a black, I did not feel any difference between the black and the white. The only difference I felt about the white was that they rode through town and never lived there. They liked to hear me speak and sing and wanted to see me dance ,and then they gave me a bit of money. Part II (Para. 3-4) Main idea? It was when I was thirteen that I found out in my heart as well as in the mirror that I was a little black girl. Devices for developing it? Cause and effect (因果法) Cause: But changes came to the family when I was thirteen, and I was sent to school in Jacksonville. I left Eatonville as Zora. When I got off the riverboat at Jacksonville, she was no more. Effect: It seemed that I had suffered a huge changeI was not Zora of Eatonville any more; I was now a little black girl.I found it out in certain ways. In my heart as well as in the mirror I became a permanent brown — like the best shoe polish, guaranteed not to rub nor run. Part III (Para. 5-9) Main idea? Now as an adult, I don’t think that being the granddaughter of slaves has negative effect on me. I don’t always feel colored, and in the main I believe different races are just bags of different colors which are filled with almost same contents. Devices for developing it? General-specific (总分法) Description (描写法) General statement: It fails to register depression with me. Specific reasons: 1.Slavery is something sixty years in the past
2. No one on earth ever had a greater chance for glory. The world to be won and nothing to be lost 3. It is thrilling to think, to know, that for any act of mine, I shall get twice as much praise or twice as much blame. It is quite exciting to hold the center of the national stage and yellow bags. (L. 51) The racial differences are compared to the contents of bags with different colors, piles of small things both valuable and worthless. ( L. 52-55) The sameness of races is compared to bags refilled with items from a single heap without altering the contents of any greatly. (L 56-59) III. Language points 1. to be something else again/ another thing(L.6)又是另一回事 卖嘴是一回事,实干又是另一回事。 While lip-service is something /one thing, solid work is quite something else again / another 2 to peer at/into/ through(L.6)凝视;仔细看 司机在雾中费力地看着前方,想要看清路标 The driver was peering into the distance through the mist, trying to read the road sign 3. to get pleasure out of sth.(L.8)从…中获得乐趣 对于喜爱冒险的人来说,最大的乐趣来自于诸如攀岩、蹦极、特技跳伞等冒险活动 To those who enjoy risks, the greatest pleasure is obtained out of such adventures as rock climbing, nd skydiving 4. to be a front row seat for sb.(L.9对某人来说就像前排座位一样 在火星上工作的探测器使科学家们可以清晰地观察这个星球。那里可能或曾经存在支持生命 的水 The probe at work on the Mars made scientists front-row spectators at the planet where life-sustaining water may exist or have existed 5. In passing(L11)顺便;附带地 尽管他不是靠盗窃为生,但他经常干些顺手牵羊的事。 Although he does not make a living by stealing, he often takes something in passing 6.just) in time to do sth.(L.16)正好赶上做某事 在许多好莱坞大片的末尾,人们总能及时设法消除致命性的灾难,使人类免遭灭顶之灾 At the end of many Hollywood blockbusters, a solution to a fatal disaster is al ways worked out just in time to save mankind from termination 7. to give sb. generously of sth.(L23)慷慨地把某物给某人 宽以待人者不仅能赢得他人的友谊,还会得到他人的关爱 Those giving other people of their patience and tolerance can win love and care as well as 8. to suffer a huge change/loss /pain(L33)這遇了巨大的变化/损失/痛苦 经历过人生大起大落变化的人对生活之道会有更深刻的见解。 Those who have suffered up-and-down changes in life have a deeper insight into the art of living 9. to be at one' s elbow(L.35)在(某人)手边/近旁 挚友不一定与你朝夕相处,但他的关爱总是与你同在 a bosom friend is not always at your elbow, but his care and love for you are
2.No one on earth ever had a greater chance for glory. The world to be won and nothing to be lost. 3.It is thrilling to think, to know, that for any act of mine, I shall get twice as much praise or twice as much blame. It is quite exciting to hold the center of the national stage … The author compares herself, or all the black, to a brown bag of mixed items. (L. 50) People of other colors are compared to white, red and yellow bags. (L. 51) The racial differences are compared to the contents of bags with different colors, piles of small things both valuable and worthless. (L. 52-55) The sameness of races is compared to bags refilled with items from a single heap without altering the contents of any greatly. (L. 56-59) III. Language Points 1. to be something else again / another thing (L. 6) 又是另一回事 卖嘴是一回事，实干又是另一回事。 While lip-service is something / one thing, solid work is quite something else again / another. 2. to peer at / into / through (L. 6) 凝视；仔细看 司机在雾中费力地看着前方，想要看清路标。 The driver was peering into the distance through the mist, trying to read the road sign. 3. to get pleasure out of sth. (L. 8) 从……中获得乐趣 对于喜爱冒险的人来说，最大的乐趣来自于诸如攀岩、蹦极、特技跳伞等冒险活动。 To those who enjoy risks, the greatest pleasure is obtained out of such adventures as rock climbing, bungee jumping and skydiving. 4. to be a front row seat for sb. (L. 9 对某人来说就像前排座位一样 在火星上工作的探测器使科学家们可以清晰地观察这个星球。那里可能或曾经存在支持生命 的水。 The probe at work on the Mars made scientists front-row spectators at the planet where life-sustaining water may exist or have existed. 5. in passing (L. 11) 顺便；附带地 尽管他不是靠盗窃为生，但他经常干些顺手牵羊的事。 Although he does not make a living by stealing, he often takes something in passing. 6. (just) in time to do sth. (L. 16) 正好赶上做某事 在许多好莱坞大片的末尾，人们总能及时设法消除致命性的灾难，使人类免遭灭顶之灾。 At the end of many Hollywood blockbusters, a solution to a fatal disaster is always worked out just in time to save mankind from termination. 7. to give sb. generously of sth. (L. 23) 慷慨地把某物给某人 宽以待人者不仅能赢得他人的友谊，还会得到他人的关爱。 Those giving other people of their patience and tolerance can win love and care as well as friendship of others. 8. to suffer a huge change / loss / pain (L. 33) 遭遇了巨大的变化 / 损失 / 痛苦 经历过人生大起大落变化的人对生活之道会有更深刻的见解。 Those who have suffered up-and-down changes in life have a deeper insight into the art of living. 9. to be at one’s elbow (L. 35) 在（某人）手边 / 近旁 挚友不一定与你朝夕相处，但他的关爱总是与你同在。 A bosom friend is not always at your elbow, but his care and love for you are
10. to register depression/ surprise/ excitement with sb.(L.36)使某人沮丧/吃惊/兴 奋 人要学会控制情绪,做到不以物喜,不以己悲。 One should learn to keep his emotion under such control that external gains cant register thrill with him and personal losses cant register sorrow with him, either ll. on the line(L38)各就各位;骑墙;冒险;在分界线上 由于利欲熏心有些官员常常拿自己的政治生涯冒险。 Driven by their greed for money, some officials often put their political careers on the line 12. to be off to a flying start/ to get off to a good(bad) start(L.39飞速起跑/取得良好 (不利)的开端 良好的开端,是成功的一半 is half do 13. the price one pays for…,(L.40)为··所付的代价 环境恶化是人类在征服大自然过程中为自己的急功近利所付出的代价 Environmental deterioration is the price man has paid for his eagerness for instant success and 14. to hold the center of the national stage(L44)占据国内舞台的中心 在科研领域的竞争中,人才竞争是核心。 Competition for talented people holds the center of the competition in scientific research. 15. in the main/ on the whole/ in general(L50)基本上;大体上 大体上来说,人之初,性本善的说法没错。但是,后天教育、生活环境、个人经历的不同使 人有了好坏之分。 It is in the main true that man's nature at birth is good. but the differences in education. living environment and personal experiences make the distinction between good people and evil people 16. to prop up(L51)支撑;支持;维持 靠酒肉维系的友谊是不可能长久的。 The friendship propped up with wine and meat finds no way to last 17. in company with(L.51)与·一起 透过现象看本质,就可以发现腐败总是与缺乏制约的权力共生。 By seeing through the appearance to perceive the essence, we can find that corruption always 18 to be bent under the weight/ pressure of…(L55被·的重量压弯 美国国防部长屈从于世界舆论的压力对其士兵虐待战俘承担全部责任 The US Secretary of Defense bent under the pressure of world opinions and took full sibility for his soldiers' maltreatment of Pow Expressions Patterns 1. Typical patterns for describing the coincidence RRG: If one of my family happened to come to the front of the house in time to see me, of course the conversation would be rudely broken off. (L. 15) 如果正赶上家里人碰巧来到房前见到我,他们当然就会毫不客气地打断我们的交谈 句型提炼 If sb. /sth happens to in time to sb /sth(else)will / would
10. to register depression / surprise / excitement with sb. (L. 36) 使某人沮丧 / 吃惊 / 兴 奋 人要学会控制情绪，做到不以物喜，不以己悲。 One should learn to keep his emotion under such control that external gains can’t register thrill with him and personal losses can’t register sorrow with him, either. 11. on the line (L. 38) 各就各位; 骑墙; 冒险; 在分界线上 由于利欲熏心,有些官员常常拿自己的政治生涯冒险。 Driven by their greed for money, some officials often put their political careers on the line. 12. to be off to a flying start / to get off to a good (bad) start (L. 39) 飞速起跑 / 取得良好 (不利)的开端 良好的开端，是成功的一半。 Anything is half done that gets off to a good start. 13. the price one pays for … (L. 40) 为 ······ 所付的代价 环境恶化是人类在征服大自然过程中为自己的急功近利所付出的代价。 Environmental deterioration is the price man has paid for his eagerness for instant success and quick profits in conquering nature. 14. to hold the center of the national stage (L. 44) 占据国内舞台的中心 在科研领域的竞争中，人才竞争是核心。 Competition for talented people holds the center of the competition in scientific research. 15. in the main / on the whole / in general (L. 50) 基本上；大体上 大体上来说，人之初，性本善的说法没错。但是，后天教育、生活环境、个人经历的不同使 人有了好坏之分。 It is in the main true that man’s nature at birth is good. But the differences in education, living environment and personal experiences make the distinction between good people and evil people. 16. to prop up (L. 51) 支撑; 支持; 维持 靠酒肉维系的友谊是不可能长久的。 The friendship propped up with wine and meat finds no way to last. 17. in company with (L. 51) 与 ······ 一起 透过现象看本质，就可以发现腐败总是与缺乏制约的权力共生。 By seeing through the appearance to perceive the essence, we can find that corruption always exists in company with power under inadequate control. 18. to be bent under the weight / pressure of ... (L. 55) 被 ······ 的重量压弯 美国国防部长屈从于世界舆论的压力,对其士兵虐待战俘承担全部责任。 The US Secretary of Defense bent under the pressure of world opinions and took full responsibility for his soldiers’ maltreatment of POW. Expressions & Patterns 1. Typical patterns for describing the coincidence: 原句: If one of my family happened to come to the front of the house in time to see me, of course the conversation would be rudely broken off. (L. 15) 如果正赶上家里人碰巧来到房前见到我，他们当然就会毫不客气地打断我们的交谈。 句型提炼 If sb. / sth. happens to … in time to …, sb. / sth. (else) will / would …
如果某人/某事碰巧·…·从而·…(别)某人/某事就会 应用:a.如果美国国防部长碰巧到基层部队视察从而看到他的士兵虐待战俘,我们真不知 他会作何反应 If the US Secretary of Defense had happened to inspect the grass-roots units in time to see his soldiers maltreat the prisoners of war, we have no idea about what response he would have made 应用:b.如果你碰巧逛商店从而看见一小偷在作案,你是当场抓住他,还是睁只眼闭只眼? If you happen to go window-shopping in time to see a thief committing a crime, would you catch him red-handed or turn a blind eye to it? 2. Typical patterns for furnishing reasons: RA]: During this period, white people differed from black to me only in that they rode through wn and never lived there. (. 19) 那段日子里,在我看来,白人和黑人的不同只不过是他们路过镇上,但从不住在镇上。 Sb /Sth does ./is(only)in that /for the reason that oe 某人做·/是…其(唯一)原因在于 应用:a.在处理棘手问题时,理智者与不理智者唯一的不同在于前者的自制力略占上风 也正是这多出来的一点自制力真正起了作用。 When handling sticky problems, the reasonable differ from the unreasonable only in that the former have one ounce more of control, which is what really counts 应用:b.这位女护士之所以深受人民仰慕,就在于她用自己的生命从歹徒的利斧下挽救了 63名儿童 The female nurse commands deep admiration among the people in that she saved 63 children from under an evil persons sharp axe at the cost of her own life 3. Typical patterns for revealing the flow of one's thinking FRf]: At certain times I have no race, I am me. But in the main, I feel like a brown bag of mixed items propped up against a wall. (L. 50) 有时候我不属于任何人种,我就是我自己。但我大体上还是感觉自己像一只靠墙立着装满各 种杂物的棕色皮袋子。 At certain times/ In one's heart, one aspires desires /longs to do sth. be sth. But in the main /in one s head, one feels like .. feels a need to .. 有时候/从内心讲,某人渴望做某事/成为··但从整体上讲/在脑海里,某人 感到自己像…/感到有必要· 应用:a.有时候,我也渴望纵情地生活,尽情享受现代生活带来的一切快乐。但从整体上 讲,我还是感到自己是一个清心寡欲的人。 At certain times, I also aspire to live with abandon, enjoying to the fullest every pleasure modern life brings about. But in the main, I feel like a person who controls his passions and has few desires 应用:b.从我内心里讲,我渴望像百合花那样无忧无虑地生活。但在我脑海里我还是觉得 有必要为家庭、为社会、为民族担负起自己的责任。这也正是我所有的牵挂 In my heart, I desire to be like lilies, living a care-free life. But in my head, I feel a need to bear my responsibility for my family, my society and my nation, which is what all my concern is with IV. Writing
如果某人／某事碰巧 ······ 从而 ······，（别）某人 ／某事就会 ······ 应用：a. 如果美国国防部长碰巧到基层部队视察从而看到他的士兵虐待战俘，我们真不知 他会作何反应。 If the US Secretary of Defense had happened to inspect the grass-roots units in time to see his soldiers maltreat the prisoners of war, we have no idea about what response he would have made to it. 应用：b. 如果你碰巧逛商店从而看见一小偷在作案，你是当场抓住他, 还是睁只眼闭只眼？ If you happen to go window-shopping in time to see a thief committing a crime, would you catch him red-handed or turn a blind eye to it? 2. Typical patterns for furnishing reasons: 原句: During this period, white people differed from black to me only in that they rode through town and never lived there. (L. 19) 那段日子里，在我看来，白人和黑人的不同只不过是他们路过镇上，但从不住在镇上。 Sb. / Sth. does … / is …(only) in that / for the reason that … 某人做 ······ / 是······， 其 (唯一) 原因在于······ 应用：a. 在处理棘手问题时，理智者与不理智者唯一的不同在于前者的自制力略占上风， 也正是这多出来的一点自制力真正起了作用。 When handling sticky problems, the reasonable differ from the unreasonable only in that the former have one ounce more of control, which is what really counts. 应用：b. 这位女护士之所以深受人民仰慕，就在于她用自己的生命从歹徒的利斧下挽救了 63 名儿童。 The female nurse commands deep admiration among the people in that she saved 63 children from under an evil person’s sharp axe at the cost of her own life. 3. Typical patterns for revealing the flow of one’s thinking: 原句: At certain times I have no race, I am me. But in the main, I feel like a brown bag of mixed items propped up against a wall. (L. 50) 有时候我不属于任何人种，我就是我自己。但我大体上还是感觉自己像一只靠墙立着装满各 种杂物的棕色皮袋子。 At certain times / In one’s heart, one aspires / desires / longs to do sth. / be sth.. But in the main / in one’s head, one feels like … / feels a need to … 有时候 ／从内心讲，某人渴望做某事 ／成为 ······，但从整体上讲／在脑海里， 某人 感到自己像 ······ / 感到有必要 ······ 应用：a. 有时候，我也渴望纵情地生活，尽情享受现代生活带来的一切快乐。但从整体上 讲，我还是感到自己是一个清心寡欲的人。 At certain times, I also aspire to live with abandon, enjoying to the fullest every pleasure modern life brings about. But in the main, I feel like a person who controls his passions and has few desires. 应用：b. 从我内心里讲，我渴望像百合花那样无忧无虑地生活。但在我脑海里我还是觉得 有必要为家庭、为社会、为民族担负起自己的责任。这也正是我所有的牵挂。 In my heart, I desire to be like lilies, living a care-free life. But in my head, I feel a need to bear my responsibility for my family, my society and my nation, which is what all my concern is with. IV. Writing
A Letter of recommendation 应朋友要求,为其深造谋职等写一封推荐信 (推荐信) 写作模式(推荐信 1)He came to my notice in..., when he happened to.. 2)With a steady increase in contacts and exchanges of ideas, he showed a wide scope of knowledge about . as well as a strong interest in. 3)A deeper impression he left upon me occurred in ., when.4)Hi academic performance ranked among…(进一步说明)5) Gradually, both his unique abilities in..and our same quest for-.pushed me to 6) After stepping into the stage of .., he came to demonstrate a greater originality in.,a good indicator of which was . 7)To my knowledge, it is only in the last two vears that .. 8)So l ave every reason to assure you that 9)As far as the content of his character is concerned, he clings to the motto that. 10)So his compass for. rests not so much with ith 11)And particularly remarkable are and..12)In short, what is native to him and what he has attained through his previous efforts complete with., have made it an honor for me to recommend him to you (划线部分可替换) A Letter of recommendatio Engineering college Air Force Engineering university XI'an Shaanxi 710038 PR China To Whom It May concern Dear sir or madam. (t has always been my pleasure to recommend close classmates for their further studies at higher educational institutions. But sometimes the one to be recommended is so out standing that I feel somewhat reluctant to write reference letters for him / her, for, you know, it is far from pleasant for one to part with his favorites. And now Mr. Li Mu is just in such a case with me. 1) He came to my notice in 1999, when he happened to share the same dorm with me. 2) With a steady increase in contacts and exchanges of ideas, he showed a wide scope of knowledge about the development of science as well as a strong interest in the field of artificial intelligence. 3)
A Letter of Recommendation 应朋友要求，为其深造谋职等写一封推荐信 （推荐信） 写作模式（推荐信） 1) He came to my notice in…, when he happened to ... 2) With a steady increase in contacts and exchanges of ideas, he showed a wide scope of knowledge about … as well as a strong interest in … 3) A deeper impression he left upon me occurred in …, when … 4) His academic performance ranked among … (进一步说明) 5) Gradually, both his unique abilities in … and our same quest for … pushed me to … 6) After stepping into the stage of …, he came to demonstrate a greater originality in …, a good indicator of which was … 7) To my knowledge, it is only in the last two years that … 8) So I have every reason to assure you that … 9) As far as the content of his character is concerned, he clings to the motto that … 10) So his compass for … rests not so much with … as with … 11) And particularly remarkable are … and … 12) In short, what is native to him and what he has attained through his previous efforts, complete with …, have made it an honor for me to recommend him to you. （划线部分可替换） A Letter of Recommendation Engineering College Air Force Engineering University Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038 P. R. China To Whom It May Concern: Dear Sir or Madam: (It has always been my pleasure to recommend close classmates for their further studies at higher educational institutions. But sometimes the one to be recommended is so outstanding that I feel somewhat reluctant to write reference letters for him / her, for, you know, it is far from pleasant for one to part with his favorites. And now Mr. Li Mu is just in such a case with me.) 1) He came to my notice in 1999, when he happened to share the same dorm with me. 2) With a steady increase in contacts and exchanges of ideas, he showed a wide scope of knowledge about the development of science as well as a strong interest in the field of artificial intelligence. 3)
a deeper impression he left upon me occurred in 2001, when the academic reports of our grades were made public in the campus bulletin. 4)His academic performance in all the subjects of the four semesters ranked among the percent. 5)Gradually, both his unique abilities in problem-tackling and our same quest for true knowledge about science pushed me to attach more of my concern to him 6)When stepping into the stage of specialized courses, he came to demonstrate a greater originality in application of book knowledge, a good indicator of which was a steady flow of his publications. 7) To my knowledge, it is only in the last two years that he has published six weighty papers. 8)So I have every reason to assure you that further study in your distinguished institution will give fuller play to his potentials 9)As far as the content of his character is concerned, he clings to the motto that example is more powerful than precept. 10)So his compass for measuring one's worth to society rests not so much with what one has said as with what one has done. 11)And particularly remarkable are his firm commitment to what he has promised, and his self-sacrifices for larger interests. 12)In short, what is native to him and what he has attained through his previous efforts, complete with his moral integrity, have made it a big honor for me to recommend him to you Please be free to contact me in the earliest possible time if there is any need for further information about Mr. Li) Sincerely yours Section B I. Reading skills We talked about the Reading Skills- Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions in Unit 2. Book 1. Unit 3 and Unit 8. Book 2. and Unit 2. Book 3. And in Unit 2. Book 4 we further dealt with the topic by talking about Mixture of Facts and Opinions When we are reading for information, the first step is to make sure whether the article has presented us facts or opinions and to what extent they are reliable. To answer these questions eaders would feel it absolutely necessary to keep facts and opinions apart; and in the case of mixture of facts and opinions, we have to distinguish the words representing facts from those Facts are statements that tell what really happened or really was the case whereas opinions are statements of belief, judgment, or feeling. It is not al ways easy to make a clear distinction between facts and opinions as writers often mix facts and opinions even within the same sentence with some words representing facts and others representing opinions Here is a review of some tips for distinguishing facts from opinions 1. Test the writer's opinion by asking whether a different opinion is possible. You do not ave to agree with the different opinion or with the authors, for that matter. You just have to be able to see if there is another view. 2. Look for words that interpret one's opinions such as pretty, ugly, handsome, dangerous, evil, attractive, well-dressed, good, etc. If we say a girl is pretty or ugly, it is clear that it is only
A deeper impression he left upon me occurred in 2001, when the academic reports of our grades were made public in the campus bulletin. 4) His academic performance in all the subjects of the four semesters ranked among the top 1 percent. 5) Gradually, both his unique abilities in problem-tackling and our same quest for true knowledge about science pushed me to attach more of my concern to him. 6) When stepping into the stage of specialized courses, he came to demonstrate a greater originality in application of book knowledge, a good indicator of which was a steady flow of his publications. 7) To my knowledge, it is only in the last two years that he has published six weighty papers. 8) So I have every reason to assure you that further study in your distinguished institution will give fuller play to his potentials. 9) As far as the content of his character is concerned, he clings to the motto that example is more powerful than precept. 10) So his compass for measuring one’s worth to society rests not so much with what one has said as with what one has done. 11) And particularly remarkable are his firm commitment to what he has promised, and his self-sacrifices for larger interests. 12) In short, what is native to him and what he has attained through his previous efforts, complete with his moral integrity, have made it a big honor for me to recommend him to you. (Please be free to contact me in the earliest possible time if there is any need for further information about Mr. Li.) Sincerely yours Wang Wei Section B I. Reading Skills We talked about the Reading Skills — Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions in Unit 2, Book 1, Unit 3 and Unit 8, Book 2, and Unit 2, Book 3. And in Unit 2, Book 4 we further dealt with the topic by talking about Mixture of Facts and Opinions. When we are reading for information, the first step is to make sure whether the article has presented us facts or opinions and to what extent they are reliable. To answer these questions, readers would feel it absolutely necessary to keep facts and opinions apart; and in the case of mixture of facts and opinions, we have to distinguish the words representing facts from those representing opinions. Facts are statements that tell what really happened or really was the case whereas opinions are statements of belief, judgment, or feeling. It is not always easy to make a clear distinction between facts and opinions as writers often mix facts and opinions even within the same sentence, with some words representing facts and others representing opinions. Here is a review of some tips for distinguishing facts from opinions: 1. Test the writer's opinion by asking whether a different opinion is possible. You do not have to agree with the different opinion or with the author’s, for that matter. You just have to be able to see if there is another view. 2. Look for words that interpret one’s opinions such as pretty, ugly, handsome, dangerous, evil, attractive, well-dressed, good, etc. If we say a girl is pretty or ugly, it is clear that it is only
our point of view. Words like probably, perhaps, usually, often, sometimes, on occasion are used to limit the facts, and to indicate the possibility of other cases or opinions. Some words imply clearly that an opinion will follow, these are words like I believe, I think, in my opinion, I feel, I suggest Example 1 q They were peered at cautiously from behind curtains by the timid. (Para. I, Reading Passage Unit 8) Even though the words cautiously, the timid state opinions, the sentence states many facts peered at, from behind curtains. The main point of the sentence is to describe the fact that the Northerners were being peered at from behind curtains. Thus the sentence is basically factual During this period, white people differed from black to me only in that they rode through town and never lived there.(Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) The sentence expresses an opinion that she did not understand the differences between hite and black from the eye of a child though the sentence contains some words for facts: the whites only rode through town and never stopped for the night They liked to hear me"speak pieces"and sing and wanted to see me dance, and gave me generously of their small silver for doing these things, which seemed strange to me for I wanted to do them so much that I needed bribing to stop.(Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) The sentence is basically a fact about what the whites like to hear, watch and what they do but the sentence contains some words expressing opinions such as generously, seemed strange Example 4 I left Eatonville as Zora. When I got off the riverboat at Jacksonville, she was no more. Para. 4, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) The sentence clearly expresses an opinion that she felt the change inside her and got the sense of being a black though the sentence contains some words for facts: she left Eatonville and the riverboat at Jacksonville Practice In the following sentences from Passage B, pick out the words that present facts or those that present opinions. Select F before each sentence that basically represents a fact; Select O before each statement of opinion 1. Fuelled by the immense value attached to youth, it has made millions out of vacant promises of renewing faces and bodie F. It is basically factual that the value of youth enabled people to make money though the sentence contains some words for opinions Words representing opinions: the immense, vacant promises 2. The advertisements declare that active ingredients stimulate cells deep in the skin s layers to divide, so replacing old cells and effectively renewing the skin O. It is an opinion as made clear by the word"declare though the sentence contains some words for facts. Words representing facts: The advertisements did make some claims like that
our point of view. Words like probably, perhaps, usually, often, sometimes, on occasion are used to limit the facts, and to indicate the possibility of other cases or opinions. Some words imply clearly that an opinion will follow; these are words like I believe, I think, in my opinion, I feel, I suggest, etc. Example 1 They were peered at cautiously from behind curtains by the timid. (Para. 1, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) Even though the words cautiously, the timid state opinions, the sentence states many facts — peered at, from behind curtains. The main point of the sentence is to describe the fact that the Northerners were being peered at from behind curtains. Thus the sentence is basically factual. Example 2 During this period, white people differed from black to me only in that they rode through town and never lived there. (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) The sentence expresses an opinion that she did not understand the differences between white and black from the eye of a child though the sentence contains some words for facts: the whites only rode through town and never stopped for the night. Example 3 They liked to hear me “speak pieces” and sing and wanted to see me dance, and gave me generously of their small silver for doing these things, which seemed strange to me for I wanted to do them so much that I needed bribing to stop. (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) The sentence is basically a fact about what the whites like to hear, watch and what they do but the sentence contains some words expressing opinions such as generously, seemed strange. Example 4 I left Eatonville as Zora. When I got off the riverboat at Jacksonville, she was no more. (Para. 4, Reading Passage A, Unit 8) The sentence clearly expresses an opinion that she felt the change inside her and got the sense of being a black, though the sentence contains some words for facts: she left Eatonville and got off the riverboat at Jacksonville. Practice In the following sentences from Passage B, pick out the words that present facts or those that present opinions. Select F before each sentence that basically represents a fact; Select O before each statement of opinion. 1.Fuelled by the immense value attached to youth, it has made millions out of vacant promises of renewing faces and bodies. F. It is basically factual that the value of youth enabled people to make money though the sentence contains some words for opinions. Words representing opinions: the immense, vacant promises 2. The advertisements declare that active ingredients stimulate cells deep in the skin's layers to divide, so replacing old cells and effectively renewing the skin. O. It is an opinion as made clear by the word “declare” though the sentence contains some words for facts. Words representing facts: The advertisements did make some claims like that
3. The increasingly exaggerated claims made by manufacturers about their products' ability to get rid of wrinkles have worried doctors 0. It is the author's opinion that what manufacturers claim has caused responses from doctors though the sentence contains some words for facts. Words representing facts: manufacturers made claims about their productability 4. One woman admits she was doubtful until she tried Imedeen herself. F It is basically factual that a woman was doubtful about the effect of Imedeen before, though the sentence contains some words for opinions. Words representing opinions: doubtful 5. On the other hand, a different doctor who specializes in the study of the skin is unimpressed by the data and questions the methods used in the study F. It is basically factual that a doctor questions the methods used in the study though the sentence contains some words for opinions Words representing opinions: unimpressed IL. Language Points 1. wrinkle:(usu. pl )a small fold or line in the skin, esp. of those on the face that are caused by 皱,皱纹 ut there is probably no substance that will make wrinkles disappear permanently 恐怕没有什么东西可以让皱纹永久消失 Laughter or frowns over the years have left wrinkles on our faces by midlife 岁月的欢喜和忧伤让我们人到中年脸上就被刻上了皱纹 2. abnormal: different, esp. in a way that is not desirable, from what is normal, ordinary 反常的,不规则的,变态的,畸形的 We also know that sudden exercise can produce abnormal heart rhythms, which can cause 我们也知道突然的锻炼会引起心脏跳动反常,从而导致死亡。 The equipment can separate abnormal from normal red blood cells 这一设备可以将不正常的红血球从正常的红血球中分离开来。 3. extract: [ C, UJa product obtained by extracting 提炼物 That lotion with an extract of rose is oil-free, with soothing properties 这种护肤液提取玫瑰精华,不油膩,具有放松神经的功效 4. shrimp:(小)虾 The life expectancies of the shrimps are short, and most of those which start life as males may not survive long enough to become females 这些虾的平均寿命都很短,绝大多数都来不及从生命初始的雄性变成后来的雌性就死亡 5. texture: [C, U]the degree of roughness or smoothness, coarseness or fineness of a surface, substance, or material as felt by touch 质地,质感 Paper of different texture or thickness may be used
3. The increasingly exaggerated claims made by manufacturers about their products’ ability to get rid of wrinkles have worried doctors. O. It is the author’s opinion that what manufacturers claim has caused responses from doctors though the sentence contains some words for facts. Words representing facts: manufacturers made claims about their products’ ability 4. One woman admits she was doubtful until she tried Imedeen herself. F. It is basically factual that a woman was doubtful about the effect of Imedeen before, though the sentence contains some words for opinions. Words representing opinions: doubtful 5. On the other hand, a different doctor who specializes in the study of the skin is unimpressed by the data and questions the methods used in the study. F. It is basically factual that a doctor questions the methods used in the study though the sentence contains some words for opinions. Words representing opinions: unimpressed II. Language Points 1. wrinkle: (usu. pl.) a small fold or line in the skin, esp. of those on the face that are caused by age 皱，皱纹 But there is probably no substance that will make wrinkles disappear permanently. 恐怕没有什么东西可以让皱纹永久消失。 Laughter or frowns over the years have left wrinkles on our faces by midlife. 岁月的欢喜和忧伤让我们人到中年脸上就被刻上了皱纹。 2. abnormal: different, esp. in a way that is not desirable, from what is normal, ordinary or expected 反常的，不规则的, 变态的，畸形的 We also know that sudden exercise can produce abnormal heart rhythms, which can cause death. 我们也知道突然的锻炼会引起心脏跳动反常，从而导致死亡。 The equipment can separate abnormal from normal red blood cells. 这一设备可以将不正常的红血球从正常的红血球中分离开来。 3. extract: [C,U]a product obtained by extracting 提炼物 That lotion with an extract of rose is oil-free, with soothing properties. 这种护肤液提取玫瑰精华，不油腻，具有放松神经的功效。 4. shrimp:（小）虾 The life expectancies of the shrimps are short, and most of those which start life as males may not survive long enough to become females. 这些虾的平均寿命都很短，绝大多数都来不及从生命初始的雄性变成后来的雌性就死亡 了。 5. texture:[C,U]the degree of roughness or smoothness, coarseness or fineness of a surface, substance , or material as felt by touch 质地, 质感 Paper of different texture or thickness may be used