Unit 9 Section A I Background Knowledge 1. Premarital agreem Premarital agreements or prenuptial agreements are binding legal contracts between two people who intend to marry each other. 2. Jacqueline Kennedy onassis Born on July 28, 1929, Jacqueline bouvier Kennedy was first lady of the United States during the administration(1961-1963)of her first husband, John F. Kennedy. She had been a newspaper reporter and photographer before their marriage in 1953. She was riding beside President Kennedy when he was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on Nov. 22, 1963. In 1968 she married the Greek shipping millionaire Aristotle Onassis 3. Aristotle onassis Born on January 20, 1906, Aristotle Onassis was a Greek shipping millionaire who accumulated a fortune of more than $500 million. Born of Greek parents in Turkey, he went to Buenos Aires in 1923 and became a telephone operator there. Soon Onassis established tobacco import business, and by 1930s he bought unused freighters at low prices and by the end of World War Il had amassed great wealth in shipping After the war he increased his shipping fleet by purchasing surplus wartime freighters 4. The American Academy of Marriage Lawyers Its official name is the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers Ⅱ. Text Analysis 1. Main idea of the text The author gives the reader a detailed exposition of what prenups are, who need prenups, what points to be taken care of before signing prenups, and how people evaluate prenups 2. Text structure analysis Part I(Paras. 1-4)Introduction of prenups Para.1 a humorous beginning---some crazy clauses of premarital agreements Para. 2 The real premarital agreement: Most of them are about how financial assets will be divided up if a couple divorces Para. 3 What are prenups and who sign them? (1) Prenuptial agreements---or"prenups"are designed to address the problems of the division of financial assets as they arise (2) Prenups are negotiated by lawyers for the prospective spouses, and signed by the prospective spouses before a marriage ceremony Para. 4 An example of prenups: Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis won $26
Unit 9 Section A I. Background Knowledge 1．Premarital agreements Premarital agreements or prenuptial agreements are binding legal contracts between two people who intend to marry each other. 2．Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Born on July 28, 1929, Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy was first lady of the United States during the administration (1961-1963) of her first husband, John F. Kennedy. She had been a newspaper reporter and photographer before their marriage in 1953. She was riding beside President Kennedy when he was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on Nov. 22, 1963. In 1968 she married the Greek shipping millionaire Aristotle Onassis. 3．Aristotle Onassis Born on January 20, 1906, Aristotle Onassis was a Greek shipping millionaire who accumulated a fortune of more than $500 million. Born of Greek parents in Turkey, he went to Buenos Aires in 1923 and became a telephone operator there. Soon Onassis established a tobacco import business, and by 1930s he bought unused freighters at low prices and by the end of World War II had amassed great wealth in shipping. After the war he increased his shipping fleet by purchasing surplus wartime freighters. 4．The American Academy of Marriage Lawyers Its official name is the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers. II. Text Analysis 1. Main idea of the text The author gives the reader a detailed exposition of what prenups are, who need prenups, what points to be taken care of before signing prenups, and how people evaluate prenups. 2. Text structure analysis Part I(Paras.1— 4) Introduction of prenups Para.1 A humorous beginning---some crazy clauses of premarital agreements. Para.2 The real premarital agreement: Most of them are about how financial assets will be divided up if a couple divorces. Para.3 What are prenups and who sign them? (1) Prenuptial agreements--- or “prenups”—are designed to address the problems of the division of financial assets as they arise. (2) Prenups are negotiated by lawyers for the prospective spouses, and signed by the prospective spouses before a marriage ceremony. Para.4 An example of prenups: Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis won $26
million through her prenups with her second husband Aristotle Part II(Paras.5-8)Who want prenups General- specific exposition总分法) Para.5 Those who will be involved in great economic consequences in a divorce and those who want to remarry.(Detail 1) Para. 6 Those who have accumulated considerable wealth, have already been stung once, and want to reduce their exposure to future problems. ( Detail 2) Para. 7 Those who want to shield assets to be passed on to children and grandchildren and plan to remarry after a spouse has died. (Detail 3) Para. 8 Those who have, or are in line for, great inherited wealth or family businesses especially if the future partners have little or nothing at all. (Detail 4) Part Il(Paras. 9-14)What points to be taken care of before signing prenups? General- specific exposition总分法) Para. 9 Proper guidelines are necessary; a lawyer is required to write the document; and Para. 10 Do not sign a prenup under pressure.(Detail 2) Para. 12 Watch out that a dispute of carrying out prenups could happen if a coupl decides to divorce while living abroad with different passports. (Detail 3) Para. 14 Have a correct understanding of the nature of prenups they are business agreements.(Detail 4) Part IV(Paras. 15-16)Evaluations of prenups General- specific exposition总分法 Para. 15: Prenups sometimes may help save a couple from a terrible marriage. (Detail 1) Para. 16: Prenups sometimes prove to be of no use to some happy marriages. Detail 2) 3 Exemplification(举例法) (1) To catch the readers interest, the author begins his article by citing three examples as the craziest clauses of prenups.(Para. 1) Example 1: A future husband wanted to be sure that if his marriage didnt work out, he could keep his treasured ice-cream collection safely stored away in a freezer Example 2: A woman insisted on verifying who would walk the dog Example 3: One man wanted the right to get a divorce if his bride-to-be gained more than (2) Most prenups are about how financial assets will be divided up if a couple divorces. (Para. 2) Example: The prenups of the famous make the headlines: lawyers for Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis contested the prenuptial agreement between her and Aristotle Onassis after his death, reportedly winning $26 million in an out-of-court (3) Never send out wedding invitations until both signatures are on an agreement. (Para. 10) Example 1: But not everyone takes this advice. a classic example is cited by lawyers ( Para. I1)
million through her prenups with her second husband Aristotle Onassis. Part II(Paras.5—8) Who want prenups? (General-specific exposition 总分法 ) Para.5 Those who will be involved in great economic consequences in a divorce and those who want to remarry. (Detail 1) Para.6 Those who have accumulated considerable wealth, have already been stung once, and want to reduce their exposure to future problems. (Detail 2) Para.7 Those who want to shield assets to be passed on to children and grandchildren and plan to remarry after a spouse has died. (Detail 3) Para.8 Those who have, or are in line for, great inherited wealth or family businesses, especially if the future partners have little or nothing at all. (Detail 4) Part III(Paras.9—14) What points to be taken care of before signing prenups? (General-specific exposition 总分法 ) Para.9 Proper guidelines are necessary; a lawyer is required to write the document; and do not use the same lawyer as your future spouse does. (Detail 1) Para.10 Do not sign a prenup under pressure. (Detail 2) Para.12 Watch out that a dispute of carrying out prenups could happen if a couple decides to divorce while living abroad with different passports. (Detail 3) Para.14 Have a correct understanding of the nature of prenups: they are business agreements. (Detail 4) Part IV(Paras.15—16) Evaluations of prenups (General-specific exposition 总分法) Para.15: Prenups sometimes may help save a couple from a terrible marriage. (Detail 1) Para.16: Prenups sometimes prove to be of no use to some happy marriages. (Detail 2) 3. Exemplification (举例法 ) (1) To catch the reader’s interest, the author begins his article by citing three examples as the craziest clauses of prenups. (Para. 1) Example 1: A future husband wanted to be sure that if his marriage didn’t work out, he could keep his treasured ice-cream collection safely stored away in a freezer. Example 2: A woman insisted on verifying who would walk the dog. Example 3: One man wanted the right to get a divorce if his bride-to-be gained more than 15 pounds once she became his wife. (2) Most prenups are about how financial assets will be divided up if a couple divorces. (Para. 2) Example: The prenups of the famous make the headlines: lawyers for Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis contested the prenuptial agreement between her and Aristotle Onassis after his death, reportedly winning $26 million in an out-of-court settlement. (Para. 4) (3) Never send out wedding invitations until both signatures are on an agreement. (Para. 10) Example 1: But not everyone takes this advice. A classic example is cited by lawyers: “...” (Para. 11)
Example 2: Another lawyer recalled one awkward episode where..( Para. 11) (4) There may be a dispute of carrying out prenups if a couple lives abroad with different passports. (Para. 12) Example: He gave the following example: A wealthy Mr. Ed Smith gets married to Mrs Smith, and they enter into a New York prenuptial contract. They live in England, and then decide to get divorced. English lawyers will say ., while Mr. Smith will want it to be an American case... "(Para. 13) 4. Listing(列举法) The author lists three examples to introduce some of the craziest clauses of prenups A future husband wanted to be sure that if his marriage didn t work out, he could keep his treasured ice-cream collection safely away in a freezer. A woman insisted on verifying who would walk the dog. One man wanted the right to get a divorce if his bride-to-be gained more than 15 pounds once she became his wife 5. Quotation(引言法) The author quotes directly as follows: (1)"It's because divorce has such great economic consequences, and successive marriages have become so common, said a family law lawyer.(Para. 5) (2)They want to make their own arrangements, rather than let a court decide, said..(Para. 6) (3)"Someone may have an estate of $i billion and he may not want a second spouse to get a payment of half a billion. He may want more for his children, said a lawyer.(Para. 7) (4)It sheds light on issues which could later widen and result in divorce, said a lawyer (5)"Many people sign an agreement, put it in a drawer and never look at it again, the lawyer added. Para. 16) 6 Problem- solution(问题-解决法) (1)Problem: But even when both parties have signed such an agreement, it ca impossible to enforce it in court if proper guidelines have not been follow Para. 9) Solution: A lawyer is required to write the document for mistakes in language-even a misplaced preposition-can be disastrous. But never, ever, should you use the same lawyer as your future spouse does. Para. 9) (2) problem: A prenuptial agreement signed under pressure. (Para. 10) Solution: To avoid this, some lawyers will not draw up an agreement once a wedding date has been set. "I figure there's a sword hanging over their head, and thats pressure, they said. Such lawyers counsel their clients never to send out wedding invitations until both signatures are on an agreement. ( Para. 10) Ill. Language Points Compatible expressions
Example 2: Another lawyer recalled one awkward episode where… (Para. 11) (4) There may be a dispute of carrying out prenups if a couple lives abroad with different passports. (Para. 12) Example: He gave the following example: “A wealthy Mr. Ed Smith gets married to Mrs. Smith, and they enter into a New York prenuptial contract. They live in England, and then decide to get divorced. English lawyers will say…, while Mr. Smith will want it to be an American case…” (Para. 13) 4. Listing (列举法) The author lists three examples to introduce some of the craziest clauses of prenups: A future husband wanted to be sure that if his marriage didn’t work out, he could keep his treasured ice-cream collection safely stored away in a freezer. A woman insisted on verifying who would walk the dog. One man wanted the right to get a divorce if his bride-to-be gained more than 15 pounds once she became his wife. (Para. 1) 5. Quotation （引言法） The author quotes directly as follows: (1) “It’s because divorce has such great economic consequences, and successive marriages have become so common,” said a family law lawyer. (Para. 5) (2) “They want to make their own arrangements, rather than let a court decide,’’ said… (Para. 6) (3) “Someone may have an estate of $1 billion and he may not want a second spouse to get a payment of half a billion. He may want more for his children,” said a lawyer. (Para. 7) (4)“It sheds light on issues which could later widen and result in divorce,” said a lawyer. (Para. 15) (5)“Many people sign an agreement, put it in a drawer and never look at it again,” the lawyer added. (Para. 16) 6.Problem-solution (问题---解决法) （1） Problem: But even when both parties have signed such an agreement, it can be impossible to enforce it in court if proper guidelines have not been followed. (Para. 9) Solution: A lawyer is required to write the document, for mistakes in language—even a misplaced preposition—can be disastrous. But never, ever, should you use the same lawyer as your future spouse does. (Para. 9) （2） problem: A prenuptial agreement signed under pressure. (Para. 10) Solution: To avoid this, some lawyers will not draw up an agreement once a wedding date has been set. “I figure there’s a sword hanging over their head, and that’s pressure,” they said. Such lawyers counsel their clients never to send out wedding invitations until both signatures are on an agreement. (Para. 10) III. Language Points Compatible expressions
I to work out (L. D) 发展很好,证明是成功的 Due to the scientists'careful preparation, the space program has worked out quite well 由于科学家们的缜密准备,此次航天计划很成功 2. to store away /up( L. 2) 收起来,储存,储备 The primary task for the college students is to store up enough knowledge for the challenges of the future society 大学生的首要任务是为未来社会的挑战储备足够的知识。 3. to make no mistake about. .(L. 5) 别弄错了;毫无疑问 Make no mistake about your priority at school. You should concentrate on your study instead of traveling from one scenic spot to another 弄清楚你上学的首要任务;你应该把精力集中在学习上而不是整天游山玩水。 4. to be/ become common in /among( L 7) 在 方面普遍,平常 The impact of computer on our daily life becomes more and more common in modern society. 在现代社会中,计算机对我们日常生活的影响越来越普遍 5. to be designed /intended to do sth(L 9) 就是用来做某事的 This plan is merely designed to realize China's dream of first manned flight into outer space 这个计划是专门用来实现中国首次飞天梦的 6. to gain in. L. Il) 得到更多的 More and more material possessions do not suggest that you gain in happiness 越来越多的物质财富不一定表明你得到了更多的幸福 7. to make/hit the headlines (L 16) 成为头条新闻 Such disasters as air crashes, earthquakes and regional blood-shed conflicts often make the 空难、地震和地区流血冲突等灾难常常成为我们生活中头条新闻。 8. to reduce his exposure to future problems (L. 26) 减少日后的麻烦 They gave the widest possible exposure to the successful space-flight of Shenzhou 5 他们对神舟5号成功的宇宙飞行做了尽可能广泛的报道 9 to shield sth.(from.)toL. 32) 保护 (免于…)使能够 We should try every means to shield our motherland (from foreign aggressions) to develop healthily and prosperously 我们应该用一切办法保护祖国(不受外来侵略),使之能健康繁荣地发展 10. to be passed on /round to(l. 32) 使 传到 His art of doing business is to pass all the increase in costs to the customers 他的经营之道是把成本的增加全部转嫁到顾客身上
1. to work out (L. 1) 发展很好，证明是成功的 Due to the scientists’ careful preparation, the space program has worked out quite well. 由于科学家们的缜密准备, 此次航天计划很成功。 2. to store away / up (L. 2) 收起来，储存，储备 The primary task for the college students is to store up enough knowledge for the challenges of the future society. 大学生的首要任务是为未来社会的挑战储备足够的知识。 3. to make no mistake about… (L. 5) 别弄错了；毫无疑问 Make no mistake about your priority at school. You should concentrate on your study instead of traveling from one scenic spot to another. 弄清楚你上学的首要任务；你应该把精力集中在学习上而不是整天游山玩水。 4. to be / become common in / among (L. 7) 在······方面普遍，平常 The impact of computer on our daily life becomes more and more common in modern society. 在现代社会中，计算机对我们日常生活的影响越来越普遍。 5. to be designed / intended to do sth. (L. 9) 就是用来做某事的 This plan is merely designed to realize China’s dream of first manned flight into outer space. 这个计划是专门用来实现中国首次飞天梦的。 6. to gain in… (L. 11) 得到更多的······ More and more material possessions do not suggest that you gain in happiness. 越来越多的物质财富不一定表明你得到了更多的幸福。 7. to make / hit the headlines (L. 16) 成为头条新闻 Such disasters as air crashes, earthquakes and regional blood-shed conflicts often make the headlines in our life. 空难、地震和地区流血冲突等灾难常常成为我们生活中头条新闻。 8. to reduce his exposure to future problems (L. 26) 减少日后的麻烦 They gave the widest possible exposure to the successful space-flight of Shenzhou 5. 他们对神舟 5 号成功的宇宙飞行做了尽可能广泛的报道。 9. to shield sth. (from… ) to (L. 32) 保护······（免于······）使能够······ We should try every means to shield our motherland (from foreign aggressions) to develop healthily and prosperously. 我们应该用一切办法保护祖国（不受外来侵略），使之能健康繁荣地发展。 10. to be passed on / round to (L. 32) 使······传到······ His art of doing business is to pass all the increase in costs to the customers. 他的经营之道是把成本的增加全部转嫁到顾客身上
Il. to call for(L. 34) 需要,要求:值得 The information age calls for dramatic changes in people's economic and social values 信息时代要求人们的经济和社会价值观有巨大的改变。 12. to be in line for (L. 35) 即将获得,很可能得到 As a result of our scientists'untiring efforts, our country is in line for a major breakthrough in cross-breeding of rice 由于科学家们的不懈努力,我国即将在杂交水稻育种方面取得重大突破 13. to draw up L. 43) 写出,制定,草拟:停住 It is necessary that we draw up a schedule before we begin our work or study 我们有必要在开始工作或学习前拟定一份日程表/计划书 14 to hang over ( L. 44) 悬挂于……之上 Examinations are like huge rocks hanging over some students heads. They feel overwhelmed with the invisible pressure 考试就好像悬在一些学生头上的巨石。他们被这无形的压力压得喘不过气来。 15 to counsel sb (not) to do sth. ( L. 44) 建议某人(不要)做某事 Nowadays, many youngsters are counseled to delay their marriages until they have made some achievements in their careers 现如今,许多年轻人得到的建议是,要在事业上取得了一定的成就之后再结婚 16. to be stuck under one's nose (L. 47) (某物)被放到面前 This journalist lost his bearings when large sums of money were stuck under his 当大笔的金钱放到面前时,这位记者乱了方寸 17 to argue over/about(L 49) 就/因 争吵 There is no point in arguing over such problems as which one comes into being first, an egg or a 对诸如先有蛋还是先有鸡此类问题的争论毫无意义。 18 to break out over. .(L. 52) 就/由于· 爆发,产生 A war between the two countries broke out over the energy problem 两国间由于能源问题爆发了战争 19. What matters(to sb. ) is.. L 58) 对某人来说)关键是 What matters to a couple is that mind, not money, makes marriage lasting 对夫妻来说重要的一点是,使婚姻长久要靠心灵,而不是靠金钱 20. to have no/ little /some /much bearing on.(L. 65) 与…无/几乎没有/有一些/有很大关系 It is true that ones success has some bearing on his intelligence; but diligence counts more to it 个人的成功固然与他的智慧有关;但勤奋对成功更为重要
11. to call for (L. 34) 需要，要求；值得 The information age calls for dramatic changes in people’s economic and social values. 信息时代要求人们的经济和社会价值观有巨大的改变。 12. to be in line for (L. 35) 即将获得，很可能得到 As a result of our scientists’ untiring efforts, our country is in line for a major breakthrough in cross-breeding of rice. 由于科学家们的不懈努力，我国即将在杂交水稻育种方面取得重大突破。 13. to draw up (L. 43) 写出，制定，草拟；停住 It is necessary that we draw up a schedule before we begin our work or study. 我们有必要在开始工作或学习前拟定一份日程表/计划书。 14. to hang over (L. 44) 悬挂于······之上 Examinations are like huge rocks hanging over some students’ heads. They feel overwhelmed with the invisible pressure. 考试就好像悬在一些学生头上的巨石。他们被这无形的压力压得喘不过气来。 15. to counsel sb. (not) to do sth. (L. 44) 建议某人（不要）做某事 Nowadays, many youngsters are counseled to delay their marriages until they have made some achievements in their careers. 现如今，许多年轻人得到的建议是，要在事业上取得了一定的成就之后再结婚。 16. to be stuck under one’s nose (L. 47) (某物) 被放到面前 This journalist lost his bearings when large sums of money were stuck under his nose. 当大笔的金钱放到面前时，这位记者乱了方寸。 17. to argue over / about ( L. 49) 就 / 因······争吵 There is no point in arguing over such problems as which one comes into being first, an egg or a hen. 对诸如先有蛋还是先有鸡此类问题的争论毫无意义。 18. to break out over… (L. 52) 就 / 由于······ 爆发，产生 A war between the two countries broke out over the energy problem. 两国间由于能源问题爆发了战争。 19. What matters (to sb.) is… (L. 58) (对某人来说) 关键是······ What matters to a couple is that mind, not money, makes marriage lasting. 对夫妻来说重要的一点是，使婚姻长久要靠心灵，而不是靠金钱。 20. to have no / little / some / much bearing on… ( L. 65) 与······无 / 几乎没有 / 有一些 / 有很大关系 It is true that one’s success has some bearing on his intelligence; but diligence counts more to it. 一个人的成功固然与他的智慧有关; 但勤奋对成功更为重要
21. to end up L 67) 结束,告终 We love peace because any war ends up with great losses of human lives and serious economic recession 我们热爱和平,因为任何战争都会以生命的大量消亡和经济的严重倒退而告终 22 to lay bare 揭示,说出(L.68) The pictures from the satellite lay bare the mysteries of deep space 卫星发回的图片揭示了宇宙深处的奥秘。 23 to shed /throw /cast light on L. 69) 使更容易理解/使人了解 a good teacher should have the ability to shed light on the abstract and complex problems so that students can easily understand them 位好老师应有能力使抽象复杂的问题简单明了,从而使学生能很容易地理解。 Patterns for you to use as models l. Typical patterns for the exposition of sth. / sb (1)RRF: A typical candidate for a prenuptial agreement is a man who has accumulated considerable wealth, has already been stung once, and wants to reduce his exposure to future problems. L. 25) 典型的欲签定婚前协议的人是那些积存了大量财富的男丝,他们曾吃过苦头,因 而想减少自己日后的麻烦 (句型提炼) A typical /ideal candidate for sth. is one who 某事的典型/理想的候选人是………人。 (sth the presidency, the partnership in my life, the job, the position, the title, etc. 应用:a.管理岗位的理想人选是把雇员更多地以朋友而不是以下级相待,给雇员的精神刺 激多于物质刺激的人 An ideal candidate for the position of management is one who treats his employees more as friends than as subordinates and gives more spiritual than material incentive to them 应用:b我终身伴侣的典型候选人应是善解人意、乐于奉献和对爱忠贞不渝的人。 A typical candidate for my lifelong partnership should be one who is good at reading others ninds, ready to devote, and faithful to her love 2)JRF: Another situation that calls for premarital agreements occurs when potential spouse has, or is in line for, great inherited wealth or a family business, especially if the future partner has little or nothing at all. l 另一种要求签立婚前协议的信形是未来的丈夫盛妻子己经或即将继承巨额遗产或 家庭产业,尤其是在未来伴侣家资不多或一贫如洗的情况下。 (句型提炼 Another/A situation/problem that calls for/ is well worth.occurs when, or-, especially
21. to end up (L. 67) 结束，告终 We love peace because any war ends up with great losses of human lives and serious economic recession. 我们热爱和平，因为任何战争都会以生命的大量消亡和经济的严重倒退而告终。 22. to lay bare 揭示，说出 (L. 68) The pictures from the satellite lay bare the mysteries of deep space. 卫星发回的图片揭示了宇宙深处的奥秘。 23. to shed / throw / cast light on (L. 69) 使更容易理解 / 使人了解 A good teacher should have the ability to shed light on the abstract and complex problems so that students can easily understand them. 一位好老师应有能力使抽象复杂的问题简单明了，从而使学生能很容易地理解。 Patterns for you to use as models 1. Typical patterns for the exposition of sth. / sb . (1)原句: A typical candidate for a prenuptial agreement is a man who has accumulated considerable wealth, has already been stung once, and wants to reduce his exposure to future problems. (L. 25) 典型的欲签定婚前协议的人是那些积存了大量财富的男性，他们曾吃过苦头，因 而想减少自己日后的麻烦。 (句型提炼) A typical / ideal candidate for sth. is one who… 某事的典型／理想的候选人是······人。 (sth.: the presidency, the partnership in my life, the job, the position, the title, etc.) 应用：a. 管理岗位的理想人选是把雇员更多地以朋友而不是以下级相待，给雇员的精神刺 激多于物质刺激的人。 An ideal candidate for the position of management is one who treats his employees more as friends than as subordinates and gives more spiritual than material incentive to them. 应用：b.我终身伴侣的典型候选人应是善解人意、乐于奉献和对爱忠贞不渝的人。 A typical candidate for my lifelong partnership should be one who is good at reading others’ minds, ready to devote, and faithful to her love. (2)原句:Another situation that calls for premarital agreements occurs when a potential spouse has , or is in line for, great inherited wealth or a family business, especially if the future partner has little or nothing at all. (L. 34) 另一种要求签立婚前协议的情形是，未来的丈夫或妻子已经或即将继承巨额遗产或 家庭产业，尤其是在未来伴侣家资不多或一贫如洗的情况下。 (句型提炼) Another/A situation/problem that calls for/ is well worth…occurs when…, or…, especially
if/when.. 另/一种要求/值得 的情形/问题是, 尤其是… 应用:a.另一种值得我们关注的情形是,许多妇女把婚姻视为改善自身境遇的跳板或提升 自身社会地位的惟一契机,尤其是在她们容貌尚佳但备受贫穷煎熬的情况下。 Another situation that calls for our concern occurs when many women see marriage as a springboard for them to better their fortunes or as the sole opportunity for them to raise their social status, especially if they are good-looking but distressed with poverty 应用:b.一个值得家长警惕的问题是,你的孩子对学习已经或正在产生一种厌烦的情绪,尤 其是在他/她不能从一次重要考试的失败中自拔的情况下。 a problem that calls for the parents' vigilance occurs when your child has developed or is developing a dislike for study, especially if he/she could not lift himself/herself out of the failure In an important exam 2. Typical patterns for cause and effect (1)RRA: The effort to shield assets to be passed on to children and grandchildren naking prenups more common a mong retired people in their 60s and 70s who are remarrying after a spouse has died. L. 31) 保护自己的资产,使之能传到儿子和孙子手中,这种努力使婚前契约在已退休并丧 偶又准备再婚的六七十岁的老人当中更为常见。 (句型提炼) Sb. s effort courage / tendency / ability etc. to do sth. makes object objective complement. 某人做某事的努力/勇气/倾向能力等使得… 应用:a他以自己的生命为代价去抢救恐怖袭击中遇难者的英雄事迹使他成为人民心目中永 远的英雄 His heroic deed to save the victims of the terrorist attack at the cost of his own life has made him an eternal hero in people's hearts 应用:b全国人民支持北京申办奥运会的不懈努力使之最终获得了2008年奥运会的主办权。 The whole nation's continuous effort to support Beijing's bid for the Olympic Games has finally made her the host of the 2008 Olympics (2)原句: hat can lead to“ court-shopping”, since what matters is the law of the country where the couple is getting divorced. L. 58) 这就可能导致“逛法庭”的现象,因为问题的关键在于夫妇办理离婚时所在国的 法律。 (句型提炼) Sth /Doing sth. can lead to/result in, since what matters(to sb. )is 某事/做某事可能导致∴,因为(对某人来讲)问题的关键在于∴ 应用:a.溺爱孩子可能导致他/她的人生一事无成,因为问题的关键在于你助长了他/她 的享乐欲和依赖性。 Spoiling your child can lead to no achievement in his/her life, since what matters is that you foster
if/when… 另/一种要求／值得······的情形／问题是，······或······, 尤其是······ 应用：a. 另一种值得我们关注的情形是，许多妇女把婚姻视为改善自身境遇的跳板或提升 自身社会地位的惟一契机，尤其是在她们容貌尚佳但备受贫穷煎熬的情况下。 Another situation that calls for our concern occurs when many women see marriage as a springboard for them to better their fortunes or as the sole opportunity for them to raise their social status, especially if they are good-looking but distressed with poverty. 应用：b.一个值得家长警惕的问题是，你的孩子对学习已经或正在产生一种厌烦的情绪，尤 其是在他／她不能从一次重要考试的失败中自拔的情况下。 A problem that calls for the parents’ vigilance occurs when your child has developed or is developing a dislike for study, especially if he/she could not lift himself/herself out of the failure in an important exam. 2. Typical patterns for cause and effect (1)原句:The effort to shield assets to be passed on to children and grandchildren is making prenups more common among retired people in their 60s and 70s who are remarrying after a spouse has died. (L. 31) 保护自己的资产，使之能传到儿子和孙子手中，这种努力使婚前契约在已退休并丧 偶又准备再婚的六七十岁的老人当中更为常见。 (句型提炼) Sb.’s effort / courage / tendency / ability etc. to do sth. makes + object + objective complement. 某人做某事的努力/勇气/ 倾向/能力等使得······ 应用：a.他以自己的生命为代价去抢救恐怖袭击中遇难者的英雄事迹使他成为人民心目中永 远的英雄。 His heroic deed to save the victims of the terrorist attack at the cost of his own life has made him an eternal hero in people’s hearts. 应用：b.全国人民支持北京申办奥运会的不懈努力使之最终获得了 2008 年奥运会的主办权。 The whole nation’s continuous effort to support Beijing’s bid for the Olympic Games has finally made her the host of the 2008 Olympics. (2)原句:That can lead to “ court-shopping”, since what matters is the law of the country where the couple is getting divorced. (L. 58) 这就可能导致 “逛法庭” 的现象，因为问题的关键在于夫妇办理离婚时所在国的 法律。 (句型提炼) Sth./Doing sth. can lead to/result in…, since what matters (to sb.) is… 某事／ 做某事可能导致······, 因为（对某人来讲）问题的关键在于······ 应用：a. 溺爱孩子可能导致他／她的人生一事无成，因为问题的关键在于你助长了他／她 的享乐欲和依赖性。 Spoiling your child can lead to no achievement in his/her life, since what matters is that you foster
his/her hunger for comfort as well as dependence on others 应用:b.党内腐败可能导致亡党,因为问题的关键是,在一个腐败盛行的社会里没有诚信 和正义的容身之地 he corruption within the Party can lead to the fall of the Party, since what matters is no room for onesty and justice in a society where corruption is popular 3. Typical patterns for emphasis on the condition (1)JRF: But even when both parties have signed such an agreement, it can be impossible to enforce it in court if proper guidelines have not been followed 但是即使双方签署了这样的协议,如果不遵循正确的指导方针,还是不可能在法院 实施它。 (句型提炼) Even when/if., it can/could (still)be(im)possible/hard etc. to do sth. if (not). 即使……如果(不)·还是(不)可能/很难(等)∴ 应用:a即使我们在毕业时已获得了大量的知识,如果不继续努力学习的话,我们还是很难 在事业上获得更大成功。 Even when we have acquired much knowledge on graduation, it could still be very difficult for us to be in line for greater success in our careers if we dont continue our efforts in study 应用:b即使你已经组成了一个幸福的家庭,如果你未能给婚后生活增添更多的关爱,仍不 可能使你的幸福长久。 Even if you have formed a happy family, it can still be impossible to make your happiness lasting if you fail to add more love and care to your marital life (2)RRA: A dispute can also break out over prenuptial agreement if a couple decides to divorce while living abroad, or when they have different 如夫妇决定离婚时正住在国外,或两人拥有不同的护照,那可因婚前协议 产生纠纷 (句型提炼 a dispute/quarrel/discord/clash/war etc. can/will break out/occur if . or/especially 如果∷∷,或当/如果…,纠纷/争吵/分歧/冲突/战争等可能/会发生。 应用:a.如果夫妻间没有自由和亲密的交流,或隔阂长期得不到消除,冷战就可能会发生 A cold war can occur if there is no free and intimate communication between the couple, or when the misunderstanding between both goes on without clearing away 应用:b.如果夫妻双方不能给他们的婚姻注入新的爱,尤其是双方从婚姻中索取的多于给与 的,离婚就会不可避免地发生 a divorce will certainly break out if both parties fail to put new love into their marriage, especially if they take out more from it than put in it
his/her hunger for comfort as well as dependence on others. 应用：b. 党内腐败可能导致亡党，因为问题的关键是，在一个腐败盛行的社会里没有诚信 和正义的容身之地。 The corruption within the Party can lead to the fall of the Party, since what matters is no room for honesty and justice in a society where corruption is popular. 3. Typical patterns for emphasis on the conditions (1)原句:But even when both parties have signed such an agreement, it can be impossible to enforce it in court if proper guidelines have not been followed. (L. 37) 但是即使双方签署了这样的协议，如果不遵循正确的指导方针，还是不可能在法院 实施它。 (句型提炼) Even when/if …, it can/could (still) be (im)possible/hard etc. to do sth. if (not)… 即使·······，如果(不)······，还是(不)可能 / 很难(等)······ 应用：a.即使我们在毕业时已获得了大量的知识，如果不继续努力学习的话，我们还是很难 在事业上获得更大成功。 Even when we have acquired much knowledge on graduation, it could still be very difficult for us to be in line for greater success in our careers if we don’t continue our efforts in study. 应用：b.即使你已经组成了一个幸福的家庭，如果你未能给婚后生活增添更多的关爱，仍不 可能使你的幸福长久。 Even if you have formed a happy family, it can still be impossible to make your happiness lasting if you fail to add more love and care to your marital life. (2)原句: A dispute can also break out over prenuptial agreement if a couple decides to divorce while living abroad, or when they have different passports. (L. 52) 如果夫妇决定离婚时正住在国外，或两人拥有不同的护照，那也可能因婚前协议 产生纠纷。 (句型提炼) A dispute/quarrel/discord/clash/war etc. can/will break out/occur if … , or/especially when/if… 如果······, 或当/如果······，纠纷／争吵／分歧／冲突／战争等可能 / 会发生。 应用：a.如果夫妻间没有自由和亲密的交流，或隔阂长期得不到消除，冷战就可能会发生。 A cold war can occur if there is no free and intimate communication between the couple, or when the misunderstanding between both goes on without clearing away. 应用：b.如果夫妻双方不能给他们的婚姻注入新的爱，尤其是双方从婚姻中索取的多于给与 的，离婚就会不可避免地发生。 A divorce will certainly break out if both parties fail to put new love into their marriage, especially if they take out more from it than put in it
IV. Writing Topic: My Choice between sth and sth else 1.在两个事物之间做出你的选择 2.对比说明你的选择理由 写作模式(对比分析类) Para. 1: 1)With a gradual/sharp growth( decline/worsening/progress/arrival) of/n sth, people ecome more and more concerned about how to. 2) To make it, some prefer to.. while others choose to.. 3)If I were asked to make a choice between the two, however, I would like to attach more weight to the latter/former than to the former/latter Para. 2: 4)It is true that does ensure/ bring a lot of .for one, such as, but, compared it seems less attractive to me.5) To begin with,…, thereby…(理由1)6)By contrast,…;,thus…7) besides.,…, in which context…(理由I)8) In contrast to that.…, in which case..9) And the most striking difference between both lies (理由ID)10) while/whereas…(对比说明) Para. 3: 11)From the comparisons and contrasts above, anyone can conclude that my insight into... /my way of . is more reasonable and acceptable. 12)Therefore, I will. from today on so Topic: How to Prevent a Terrible marriage 1.为了避免婚姻的潜在危机,一些人选择婚前协议的方式而另一些人仍通过相互信 任的传统方式 2.就这两种方式,你的选择倾向是∴(通过对比说明你的选择理由) 参考范文: How to Prevent a Terrible marriage 1)With a sharp growth in the divorce rate, people become more and more concerned about how to avoid the potential risks of their marriages. 2) To make it, some prefer to make premarital agreements before their wedding ceremonies while others still choose to maintain their mariages through their mutual trust. 3)If I were asked to make a choice between the two, however, I would like to attach more weight to the latter than to the former 4)It is true that the marriage with a prenup(premarital agreement) does ensure a lot of benefits for the family, such as the protection of children from going hungry or the reasonable distribution of financial assets, once divorce is inevitable, but, compared with the marriage based on the mutual trust, it seems less attractive to me. 5) To begin with, the marriage bound up with a prenup throws itself, from the very outset, into an ocean of family worries, thereby leaving little room for the spouses' enjoyment of happiness their unity brings about. 6) By contrast, the marriage built on the mutual trust always nurtures itself in truth, romance and harmony, thus placing no limit on the spouses' enjoyment of happiness derived from their intimate exchanges. 7) Besides, the prenup-based marriage lays bare, in writing or in cold fact, the spouses' desire or even greed for money, in which context there is no soil in their marriage for warmth to grow on. 8)In
IV. Writing Topic: My Choice between sth. and sth. Else 1. 在两个事物之间做出你的选择 2. 对比说明你的选择理由 写作模式（对比分析类） Para.1: 1) With a gradual/sharp growth (decline/worsening/progress/arrival) of/in sth., people become more and more concerned about how to… 2) To make it, some prefer to…while others choose to… 3) If I were asked to make a choice between the two, however, I would like to attach more weight to the latter/former than to the former/latter. Para. 2: 4) It is true that ____ does ensure/ bring a lot of …for one, such as…, but, compared with ____, it seems less attractive to me. 5) To begin with, …, thereby …(理由 I) 6) By contrast, …, thus … 7) Besides, …, in which context … (理由 II) 8) In contrast to that, …, in which case … 9) And the most striking difference between both lies in … (理由 III) 10) … while/whereas …(对比说明) Para. 3: 11) From the comparisons and contrasts above, anyone can conclude that my insight into …/ my way of … is more reasonable and acceptable. 12) Therefore, I will …from today on so as to … Topic: How to Prevent a Terrible Marriage 1. 为了避免婚姻的潜在危机，一些人选择婚前协议的方式而另一些人仍通过相互信 任的传统方式。 2. 就这两种方式，你的选择倾向是······(通过对比说明你的选择理由) 参考范文： How to Prevent a Terrible Marriage 1) With a sharp growth in the divorce rate, people become more and more concerned about how to avoid the potential risks of their marriages. 2) To make it, some prefer to make premarital agreements before their wedding ceremonies while others still choose to maintain their marriages through their mutual trust. 3) If I were asked to make a choice between the two, however, I would like to attach more weight to the latter than to the former. 4) It is true that the marriage with a prenup (premarital agreement) does ensure a lot of benefits for the family, such as the protection of children from going hungry or the reasonable distribution of financial assets, once divorce is inevitable, but, compared with the marriage based on the mutual trust, it seems less attractive to me. 5) To begin with, the marriage bound up with a prenup throws itself, from the very outset, into an ocean of family worries, thereby leaving little room for the spouses’ enjoyment of happiness their unity brings about. 6) By contrast, the marriage built on the mutual trust always nurtures itself in truth, romance and harmony, thus placing no limit on the spouses’ enjoyment of happiness derived from their intimate exchanges. 7) Besides, the prenup-based marriage lays bare, in writing or in cold fact, the spouses’ desire or even greed for money, in which context there is no soil in their marriage for warmth to grow on. 8) In
contrast to that, the trust-based marriage al waysreminds the spouses of the truth that there is something more valuable than money in their marriage, in which case both the husband and the wife would tend to bring forth more love and attraction for each other. 9) And the most difference between both lies in their emphases on the post-marriage life. 10) The former will focus their life on the material or physical interests whereas the latter couple will cent life around the spiritual or ethical refinements 11)From the comparisons and contrasts above, anyone can conclude that my way of coping with the prospective problems of a marriage is more reasonable and acceptable. 12) Therefore, I will refine my taste for marriage from today on so as to search the seas of people for the one who is resolved to share with me the affection and thought, comfort and hardship, joy and grief for life Section B Is the Traditional Family Structure at risk? . Reading skills 1. Types of Reading Comprehension Questions Generally speaking, reading comprehension questions, if well designed and properly used, are not only effective in checking out how well a student understands a text, but can also lead the student to a better understanding of the text as a whole Reading comprehension questions generally fall into the following six types 1. Main idea questions, 2.Specific detail questions: 3. Guessing unknown word(or expression) questions 4 In 6. Attitude or tone questions 2. Here are some questions based on Passage A. Try to answer them and then decide what types of comprehension questions they belong to (1)In the sentence"A woman insisted on verifying who would walk the dog. " (Para. 1), the word erifying means A. making sure B. making changes C. correcting declaring The choice is A: guessing unknown word question prenuptial agreements have become more and more popular in the United States A. Since the early 1960s B. Since the 1970s C. Since the early 1980s D. Since the 1990s The choice is C: specific detail question (3)Which of the following is NOT a reason for prenuptial agreements? A. Ensuring a fair division when divorce occurs B. Protecting one's personal wealth
contrast to that, the trust-based marriage alwaysreminds the spouses of the truth that there is something more valuable than money in their marriage, in which case both the husband and the wife would tend to bring forth more love and attraction for each other. 9) And the most striking difference between both lies in their emphases on the post-marriage life. 10) The former couple will focus their life on the material or physical interests whereas the latter couple will center their life around the spiritual or ethical refinements. 11) From the comparisons and contrasts above, anyone can conclude that my way of coping with the prospective problems of a marriage is more reasonable and acceptable. 12) Therefore, I will refine my taste for marriage from today on so as to search the seas of people for the one who is resolved to share with me the affection and thought, comfort and hardship, joy and grief for life. Section B Is the Traditional Family Structure at Risk? I. Reading Skills 1. Types of Reading Comprehension Questions Generally speaking, reading comprehension questions, if well designed and properly used, are not only effective in checking out how well a student understands a text, but can also lead the student to a better understanding of the text as a whole Reading comprehension questions generally fall into the following six types: 1. Main idea questions; 2. Specific detail questions; 3. Guessing unknown word (or expression) questions; 4. Inference questions; 5. Logic structure questions; 6. Attitude or tone questions. 2. Here are some questions based on Passage A. Try to answer them and then decide what types of comprehension questions they belong to. (1) In the sentence “A woman insisted on verifying who would walk the dog.” (Para. 1), the word verifying means _____. A. making sure B. making changes C. correcting D. declaring The choice is A: guessing unknown word question. (2) _____, prenuptial agreements have become more and more popular in the United States. A. Since the early 1960s B. Since the 1970s C. Since the early 1980s D. Since the 1990s The choice is C: specific detail question. (3) Which of the following is NOT a reason for prenuptial agreements? A. Ensuring a fair division when divorce occurs. B. Protecting one’s personal wealth