Unit 5 Section A Weeping for My Smoking Daughter I. Background Information 1. Camel is the brand name of a kind of cigarette. The University of lowa Department of Communication Studies conducted a study that explores the R. J. Reynolds Advertising Campaigns for Camel Cigarettes and their early use of the cartoon character, "Joe Cool Camel"to attract young people. It includes some discussion of the court case that resulted in this character being thrown out and replaced by an ordinary camel 2. Both Marlboro and Players are brand names of cigarettes manufactured by Philips Morris The company's website provides an overview of the company, its products and its marketing policies, and discusses various tobacco issues such as health, youth smoking and environment 3. Prince Albert(1819-1861) was the husband of Queen Victoria of Great Britain. This is also the name of a kind of British tobacco 4. Queen Victoria(1819-1901)was queen of Great Britain and Ireland(1837-1901)and empress of India. Her rule was the longest in English history 5. Holly wood is the center of the U.S. movie industry. In terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area II. Text Analysis Main ldea and structure: 1). What is the text mainly about? When seeing her daughter smoke heavily, the author as a mother can do nothing but weep Her weeping is attributed to a bitter lesson she learned from her painful experiences with he fathers smoking. Through years she had to sit by, seeing her father breathe hard at first, then cough a lot, and eventually die from lung trouble. So she feels deeply hurt to watch many people like her daughter following in her fathers steps. She hopes her fathers fate will be a lesson to all 2). How is the text organized? The author narrates to the reader the stories of her daughter and her father in first person, which makes the narration more vivid and convincing. The whole passage consists of three parts: the authors worries about her daughters smoking; the author's painful experiences with her father's smoking; and the authors earnest appeal to the smokers like her daughter to give up smoking. During her narration, time sequence is adopted to make it clear and smooth. Besides, the device of cause and effect is used to help people have a strong feeling of the harm smoking Organization of the text Part I (Para. 1)The author feels terrible and wants to weep when seeing her daughter smoke Part II(Paras. 2-5)Hooked by the illusion about smoking, the authors father, like many other people, got into the bad habit of smoking, only to die from it Part Ill Paras. (6-8)Feeling extremely sorry for her daughter and those in Third world countries
1 Unit 5 Section A Weeping for My Smoking Daughter I. Background Information 1. Camel is the brand name of a kind of cigarette. The University of Iowa Department of Communication Studies conducted a study that explores the R. J. Reynolds Advertising Campaigns for Camel Cigarettes and their early use of the cartoon character, “Joe Cool Camel” to attract young people. It includes some discussion of the court case that resulted in this character being thrown out and replaced by an ordinary camel. 2. Both Marlboro and Players are brand names of cigarettes manufactured by Philips Morris. The company’s website provides an overview of the company, its products and its marketing policies, and discusses various tobacco issues such as health, youth smoking and environment. 3. Prince Albert (1819–1861) was the husband of Queen Victoria of Great Britain. This is also the name of a kind of British tobacco. 4. Queen Victoria (1819–1901) was queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901) and empress of India. Her rule was the longest in English history. 5. Hollywood is the center of the U.S. movie industry. In terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure: 1).What is the text mainly about? When seeing her daughter smoke heavily, the author as a mother can do nothing but weep. Her weeping is attributed to a bitter lesson she learned from her painful experiences with her father’s smoking. Through years she had to sit by, seeing her father breathe hard at first, then cough a lot, and eventually die from lung trouble. So she feels deeply hurt to watch many people like her daughter following in her father’s steps. She hopes her father’s fate will be a lesson to all. 2).How is the text organized? The author narrates to the reader the stories of her daughter and her father in first person, which makes the narration more vivid and convincing. The whole passage consists of three parts: the author’s worries about her daughter’s smoking; the author’s painful experiences with her father’s smoking; and the author’s earnest appeal to the smokers like her daughter to give up smoking. During her narration, time sequence is adopted to make it clear and smooth. Besides, the device of cause and effect is used to help people have a strong feeling of the harm smoking does. Organization of the text: Part I (Para. 1) The author feels terrible and wants to weep when seeing her daughter smoke. Part II (Paras. 2-5) Hooked by the illusion about smoking, the author’s father, like many other people, got into the bad habit of smoking, only to die from it. Part III Paras. (6-8) Feeling extremely sorry for her daughter and those in Third World countries
who also drag away like chimneys, the author appeals to all people to give up smoking Based on what she saw and read, how much she cherished life and how helplessly she watched her father kill himself, the author finally appeals to all people to keep away from tobacco and value their lives Text structure analysis and devices for developing it Part 1.( Para. 1)Authors anxiety about her daughters smoking Devices for developing it: Description(描述法) The author gives a vivid description of both what she sees in her daughters room and how she feels when seeing her daughter smoke Details: (1 )What the author sees: While her daughter is doing her homework,.. the half-empty package of Camels tossed carelessly close at hand (2) How the author feels: My heart feels terrible; I want to weep; I do weep a little: that could cause my daughters death; I hardened myself against Part Il (Paras. 2-5)Author's bitter experience with her fathers smoking Devices for developing it: Time sequence(时间顺序法)& Time sequence(时间顺序法) Time sequence By following the time sequence, the author tells the reader how her father became the victim of smoking Details: (1)When he was young, he smoked Prince Albert tobacco and later Camels( Para. 2) (2)By late forties and early fifties, the tobacco industry and Hollywood smoking heroe won over her father.(Para. 3) (3)When she was sixteen, her father coughed a lot and could not climb stairs without resting. (Para. 4) (4 )One hard winter, her father died from"the poor mans friend, pneumonia. (Para. 5) Cause and effect To show why she feels terrible and above all to warn her daughter and the reader of the harm smoking does, the author employed cause-and-effect technique Typical descriptions of cause and effect(Paras. 3-5 The cause:.when he was young, he smoked Prince Albert tobacco in cigarettes he rolled himself. By the late forties,.. the tobacco industry won over him,... with a white cigarette stuck in his mouth ( Paras. 2-3) The effect:,., his breath was a wheeze, embarrassing to hear; he could not climb stairs without resting. It was not unusual for him to cough for an hour. He died from"the poor man's friend, pneumonia, when his lung illness had left him low Part Ill. Paras6-8 )Author's heart-felt appeal to all people Devices for developing it: Quotation- cIting(引言法) To enhance the power of her appeal to all the families to prevent themselves from suffering the same tragedy as her family did and cherish their peaceful life, in this part the author cites Details:(1)" Peace on earth begins at home. (2)“ Every home is a no smoking zone.” III. Language Points 1. to weep for /over/ about(it)为…哭泣叹息
2 who also drag away like chimneys, the author appeals to all people to give up smoking. Based on what she saw and read, how much she cherished life and how helplessly she watched her father kill himself, the author finally appeals to all people to keep away from tobacco and value their lives. Text structure analysis and devices for developing it Part 1. ( Para.1) Author’s anxiety about her daughter’s smoking Devices for developing it: Description (描述法) The author gives a vivid description of both what she sees in her daughter’s room and how she feels when seeing her daughter smoke: Details: (1.)What the author sees: While her daughter is doing her homework, … the half-empty package of Camels tossed carelessly close at hand… (2.) How the author feels: My heart feels terrible; I want to weep; I do weep a little; that could cause my daughter’s death; I hardened myself against… Part II. (Paras.2-5) Author’s bitter experience with her father’s smoking Devices for developing it: Time sequence (时间顺序法) & Time sequence (时间顺序法) Time sequence By following the time sequence, the author tells the reader how her father became the victim of smoking. Details: (1) When he was young, he smoked Prince Albert tobacco and later Camels (Para. 2) (2) By late forties and early fifties, the tobacco industry and Hollywood smoking heroes won over her father. (Para. 3) (3) When she was sixteen, her father coughed a lot and could not climb stairs without resting. (Para. 4) (4) One hard winter, her father died from “the poor man’s friend”, pneumonia. (Para. 5) Cause and Effect To show why she feels terrible and above all to warn her daughter and the reader of the harm smoking does, the author employed cause-and-effect technique. Typical descriptions of cause and effect (Paras. 3 - 5) The cause: …when he was young, he smoked Prince Albert tobacco in cigarettes he rolled himself. By the late forties, … the tobacco industry won over him, … with a white cigarette stuck in his mouth. (Paras. 2 - 3) The effect: …, his breath was a wheeze, embarrassing to hear; he could not climb stairs without resting. It was not unusual for him to cough for an hour. He died from “the poor man’s friend”, pneumonia, when his lung illness had left him low. … (Paras. 4 - 5) Part III. ( Paras.6-8 ) Author’s heart-felt appeal to all people Devices for developing it: Quotation-citing (引言法) To enhance the power of her appeal to all the families to prevent themselves from suffering the same tragedy as her family did and cherish their peaceful life, in this part the author cites direct quotations: Details: (1) “ Peace on earth begins at home.” (2) “Every home is a no smoking zone.” III. Language Points: 1. to weep for /over / about (title) 为······哭泣/叹息
The optimistic never weep over their failure or misfortune. Instead, they hold a positive attitude towards anything in life 乐观的人从不为自己的失败或厄运而哀叹,而是以积极的态度对待生活中的一切。 2. close at hand(L3)在跟前;在眼前 People often have their view of the important overshadowed by what is close at hand. A] 常因一叶障目而不见泰山 3. to harden oneself against doing sth.(L.7)硬着心不做 The heroic mother hardened herself against feeling deep sorrow and sent her beloved son to the battlefront.英雄的母亲强忍悲痛,将自己的爱子送上前线 4 to be dressed in(L13)穿着 On Children's Day, the pupils, dressed in their holiday best, flocked to the People's Square for the celebration 六一”儿童节这一天,小学生们身着节日盛装,成群结队涌入人民广场参加庆祝活 5. to couple with.(L17)把……与……联系在一起 Good natural environment, coupled with convenient water transportation, makes the area a hot spot for investment 良好的自然环境,加上便利的水上交通运输使这个地区成为投资的热点 6. to win over(L20)把…争取过来;战胜 After hours of heated debate, we eventually won the other side over to our point of view. 经过数小时的激烈辩论,我们最终还是说服对方接受了我们的观点 7. to be hooked by sth.(L21)对……上瘾;迷恋…… Unable to control themselves, some teenagers get hooked by online games.由于缺乏自控 能力,一些青少年迷恋于网上游戏 8. to be stuck in/with(L25)陷入;无法摆脱 Once stuck in the whirlpool of love, you will find it hard to stick to your studies as before 旦卷入爱情的旋涡,你就很难像以前那样专心于学业 9. not to do sth without doing sth else(L28)没有做……就不可能 You have no right to speak without making any investigation 没有调查,就没有发言权 10. to leave sb.low(L.32)使…虚弱不堪 Overworking day and night left him low 夜以继日地超负荷工作使他极度虚弱。 ll. to direct at/ against(L39)针对;旨在引起注意 The bills directed against Chinese human rights conditions have been voted down again and again.屡次针对中国人权状况的议案都一一被否决 12. to drag away(L.40)连续不断地抽烟 Whenever stuck in trouble, he normally drags away so as to remove his annoyance. iy 遇到麻烦,他往往是一根接一根地抽烟,以藉此消愁 13. to go to(L42)给予;有助于;求助于 When your dignity suffers any insult, the best course of action is go to law for help. %R 的人格受到侮辱时,最好的办法是诉诸于法律。 14. to feel a deep hurt(L47)深感痛苦 His failure to live up to his parents'expectations left him with a feeling of deep hurt 因辜负父母的期望而给他留下了深深的痛苦
3 The optimistic never weep over their failure or misfortune. Instead, they hold a positive attitude towards anything in life. 乐观的人从不为自己的失败或厄运而哀叹，而是以积极的态度对待生活中的一切。 2. close at hand (L. 3) 在跟前；在眼前 People often have their view of the important overshadowed by what is close at hand. 人们 常因一叶障目而不见泰山。 3. to harden oneself against doing sth. (L. 7) 硬着心不做······ The heroic mother hardened herself against feeling deep sorrow and sent her beloved son to the battlefront. 英雄的母亲强忍悲痛，将自己的爱子送上前线。 4. to be dressed in (L. 13) 穿着 On Children’s Day, the pupils, dressed in their holiday best, flocked to the People’s Square for the celebration. “六一”儿童节这一天，小学生们身着节日盛装，成群结队涌入人民广场参加庆祝活动。 5. to couple with. (L. 17) 把······与······联系在一起 Good natural environment, coupled with convenient water transportation, makes the area a hot spot for investment. 良好的自然环境，加上便利的水上交通运输使这个地区成为投资的热点。 6. to win over (L. 20) 把······争取过来；战胜 After hours of heated debate, we eventually won the other side over to our point of view. 经过数小时的激烈辩论，我们最终还是说服对方接受了我们的观点。 7. to be hooked by sth. (L. 21) 对······上瘾；迷恋······ Unable to control themselves, some teenagers get hooked by online games . 由于缺乏自控 能力，一些青少年迷恋于网上游戏。 8. to be stuck in / with (L. 25) 陷入；无法摆脱 Once stuck in the whirlpool of love, you will find it hard to stick to your studies as before. 一旦卷入爱情的旋涡，你就很难像以前那样专心于学业。 9. not to do sth without doing sth else (L.28) 没有做······就不可能······ You have no right to speak without making any investigation. 没有调查，就没有发言权。 10. to leave sb. low (L.32) 使······虚弱不堪 Overworking day and night left him low. 夜以继日地超负荷工作使他极度虚弱。 11. to direct at / against (L. 39) 针对；旨在引起注意 The bills directed against Chinese human rights conditions have been voted down again and again. 屡次针对中国人权状况的议案都一一被否决。 12. to drag away (L. 40) 连续不断地抽烟 Whenever stuck in trouble, he normally drags away so as to remove his annoyance. 每当 遇到麻烦，他往往是一根接一根地抽烟，以藉此消愁。 13. to go to (L. 42) 给予; 有助于；求助于 When your dignity suffers any insult , the best course of action is go to law for help. 当你 的人格受到侮辱时，最好的办法是诉诸于法律。 14. to feel a deep hurt (L. 47) 深感痛苦 His failure to live up to his parents’ expectations left him with a feeling of deep hurt. 因辜负父母的期望而给他留下了深深的痛苦
15. to sit by(L56袖手旁观;守护照料 If you sit by while others' lives are being endangered, you will live with a guilty 如果你在他人的生命受到威胁时袖手旁观,你将会愧疚 VI Paragraph Writing How to Succeed in Doing something 通过举例说明如何才能成功地做某事,从而使你的说明更具说服力 写作模式(举例说明) 1)It seems impossible for anyone to succeed in doing something unless he she is serious enough about it to succeed. 2)For example, sb. made one fruitless attempt after another all those years to do something until he had a heart-felt need to do so. 3)At first,..4)That attempt made an impression, but.. 5)Then, he was on his way to trying again 6 All his quest, however, turned out to be in vain despite all the. he spent on it. 7)And finally he realized that his success in anything, including., depended basically on internal factors. 8) Now he has succeeded in. as confirmed in his quotation How to Succeed in Quitting Smoking 通过举例说明如何才能成功地戒烟,从而使你的说明更具说服力。 How to Succeed in Quitting Smoking 1)It seems impossible for anyone to succeed in quitting the habit of smoking unless he /she s serious enough about it to succeed. 2)For example, John Hermann made one fruitless attempt after another all those years to kick the habit until he had a heart-felt need to do so. 3)At first he attended seminars whose purpose was to convince him that smoking was a form of self-battering. 4)That attempt made an impression, but he stopped for only two months. 5) Then, he was on his way to trying again -paying people to send him into sleep therapy, stick needles in his ears, and even treat him with electroshocks. 6) All his quest, however, turned out to be in vain despite all the time and money he spent on it. 7) And finally he realized that his success in anything, including habit-breaking, depended basically on internal factors. &)Now he has succeeded in breaking with the bad habit, as confirmed in his quotation "All those years I was looking for the magic things, as I call them. But there's no magic out there Until a person figures that out, he'l never succeed V. Reading Skills: Understanding Figurative Language There are many different ways of using figurative language. Listed here are just a few of them: Look at the following examples taken from Reading Passage. a) Similes(明喻,直喻,. These are figurative expressions which directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like. Look at the following example taken from Reading Passage The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both male and female heroes smoked like chimneys.(Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, ".smoked like chimney"means". smoked heavily and continuously", but the comparison between the two makes the idea clearer and more imaginative b)Metaphors( m, in which comparisons are only implied or: suggested, without using as
4 15. to sit by (L. 56)袖手旁观；守护照料 If you sit by while others’ lives are being endangered, you will live with a guilty . 如果你在他人的生命受到威胁时袖手旁观, 你将会愧疚。 VI. Paragraph Writing How to Succeed in Doing Something 通过举例说明如何才能成功地做某事，从而使你的说明更具说服力。 写作模式（举例说明） 1) It seems impossible for anyone to succeed in doing something unless he / she is serious enough about it to succeed. 2) For example, sb. made one fruitless attempt after another all those years to do something until he had a heart-felt need to do so. 3) At first, …. 4) That attempt made an impression, but …. 5) Then, he was on his way to trying again — …. 6) All his quest, however, turned out to be in vain despite all the … he spent on it. 7) And finally he realized that his success in anything, including …, depended basically on internal factors. 8) Now he has succeeded in …, as confirmed in his quotation “…” How to Succeed in Quitting Smoking 通过举例说明如何才能成功地戒烟，从而使你的说明更具说服力。 How to Succeed in Quitting Smoking 1) It seems impossible for anyone to succeed in quitting the habit of smoking unless he / she is serious enough about it to succeed. 2) For example, John Hermann made one fruitless attempt after another all those years to kick the habit until he had a heart-felt need to do so. 3) At first, he attended seminars whose purpose was to convince him that smoking was a form of self-battering. 4) That attempt made an impression, but he stopped for only two months. 5) Then, he was on his way to trying again — paying people to send him into sleep therapy, stick needles in his ears, and even treat him with electroshocks. 6) All his quest, however, turned out to be in vain despite all the time and money he spent on it. 7) And finally he realized that his success in anything, including habit-breaking, depended basically on internal factors. 8) Now he has succeeded in breaking with the bad habit, as confirmed in his quotation “All those years I was looking for the magic things, as I call them. But there’s no magic out there. Until a person figures that out, he’ll never succeed.” V. Reading Skills: Understanding Figurative Language There are many different ways of using figurative language. Listed here are just a few of them: (Look at the following examples taken from Reading Passage.) a) Similes (明喻, 直喻). These are figurative expressions which directly compare one thing to another by using the words as or like. Look at the following example taken from Reading Passage A: The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both male and female heroes smoked like chimneys ... (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, “... smoked like chimney” means “... smoked heavily and continuously”, but the comparison between the two makes the idea clearer and more imaginative. b) Metaphors (暗喻), in which comparisons are only implied or: suggested, without using as
like and the like. Take another example from Reading Passage A The tobacco industry . completely won over people like my father, who were hopelessly hooked by cigarettes.( Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, the idea of people relying on smoking is expressed as that of people being hooked by cigarettes. Hook' is commonly used in relation to fishing and just as fish are hooked and cannot get away so are cigarette smokers. This implied, parallel image makes the thought more striking and powerful c)Personification aA), figurative expressions which compare non-human things to humans For exampl My father died from"the poor man's friend, pneumonia, one hard winter when his lung illnesses had left him low.(Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, pneumonia, a disease often visited upon poor people, is compared to"the poor mans friend"and we can feel the power of language easily Section b . Language points 1. spoil:(Para. 1 )v 1). harm the character of(esp. a child) by lack of strictness or too much generosity, attention, praise,etc.(尤指对孩子)溺爱,宠坏 The little girl is terribly spoiled; her parents give her everything she asks for Peters, unable for once to do exactly as he wanted, lost his temper just like a spoiled child .2) destroy the value, quality or pleasure of,ruin使无用,损坏,破坏 I havent seen the film, so dont spoil it for me by telling me what happens The bad news has spoiled my day. 辨析 InJure,harm,hurt, spoil InJure表示对外貌、健康造成伤害。如: She was badly injured in an accident.ham与hurt主 要指那些带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害的,如: Gypsy moths harm foliage.(蛾对叶子有害。) My feelings are hurt spoil是损坏和彻底摧毁价值、优点和力量,表示无可挽回的损坏, 如: a spoiled child,又如: Worrying about business spoiled our evening 2. assign: (Para. 1)w 1 ). send to a particular place, name sb. for a task or position iRe, faiRE They' ve assigned their best man to the job I've been assigned to interview the children 12). give sth.tosb. as a share of work to be done or of things to be used分配,分派 The two large classrooms have been assigned to us We ll have to assign a role to our new trainee 3 pack sth. with sb. or sth: fill or crowd sth.( with sb./sth)(Para1)塞进,挤进 This book is packed with useful information The hall was packed with local fans 4. make a point: state a point(Para2)提出论点 He's just made an interesting point. You made an original point in your speech 5. tendency:(Para2)n1) way a person or thing is likely to be or behave趋向,倾向2) direction for sth. to happen趋势 His tendency to speak loud is well known
5 like and the like. Take another example from Reading Passage A: The tobacco industry ... completely won over people like my father, who were hopelessly hooked by cigarettes. (Para.3, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, the idea of people relying on smoking is expressed as that of people being hooked by cigarettes. ‘Hook’ is commonly used in relation to fishing and just as fish are hooked and cannot get away so are cigarette smokers. This implied, parallel image makes the thought more striking and powerful. c) Personification (拟人), figurative expressions which compare non-human things to humans. For example: My father died from “the poor man’s friend,” pneumonia, one hard winter when his lung illnesses had left him low. (Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, pneumonia, a disease often visited upon poor people, is compared to “the poor man’s friend” and we can feel the power of language easily. Section B I. Language points 1. spoil: (Para.1 ) v. 1). harm the character of (esp. a child) by lack of strictness or too much generosity, attention, praise, etc. （尤指对孩子）溺爱，宠坏 The little girl is terribly spoiled; her parents give her everything she asks for. Peters, unable for once to do exactly as he wanted, lost his temper just like a spoiled child. v. 2). destroy the value, quality or pleasure of; ruin 使无用，损坏，破坏 I haven’t seen the film, so don’t spoil it for me by telling me what happens. The bad news has spoiled my day. 辨析 injure, harm, hurt, spoil injure 表示对外貌、健康造成伤害。如：She was badly injured in an accident. harm 与 hurt 主 要指那些带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害的，如：Gypsy moths harm foliage. (蛾对叶子有害。) My feelings are hurt. spoil 是损坏和彻底摧毁价值、优点和力量，表示无可挽回的损坏， 如：a spoiled child, 又如：Worrying about business spoiled our evening. 2. assign: (Para.1) v. 1). send to a particular place; name sb. for a task or position 派, 指派 They’ve assigned their best man to the job. I’ve been assigned to interview the children. v. 2). give sth. to sb. as a share of work to be done or of things to be used 分配，分派 The two large classrooms have been assigned to us. We’ll have to assign a role to our new trainee. 3.pack sth. with sb. or sth.: fill or crowd sth. (with sb. / sth.) (Para.1 ) 塞进，挤进 This book is packed with useful information. The hall was packed with local fans. 4. make a point: state a point ( Para.2) 提出论点 He’s just made an interesting point. You made an original point in your speech. 5. tendency: (Para.2 ) n. 1). way a person or thing is likely to be or behave 趋向，倾向 2). direction for sth. to happen 趋势 His tendency to speak loud is well known
There is a tendency for job losses to rise in the winter in the States 6. take sth. for granted: (Para 2) think sth to be true; treat sb. or sth with too little attention or concern认为真实;视为理所当然 I take it for granted you have read this book He just takes it for granted that the home is clean 7. somewhat:(Para2)adh: to some degree, rather有几分,在某种程度上,颇为 She,'s somewhat more confident than she used to be 8 hold down:(Para4)kep(ajob) for some time保住(工作) He couldnt hold down a job after his psychological illness He's never been able to hold down a steady job 9. accommodation:(Para4)n. 1. convenient arrangement; the settling of a disagreement F, 调解2.[pl]room(s) and food住所,膳宿 The two sides failed to agree on every point but came to an accommodation The society provides accommodations for the meeting 10.compensate:(para4)vgive(sb.)sth.goodtolessenthebadeffectofdamagelossetc.7p 偿,赔偿 Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health The animals good sense of smell compensates for its poor eyesight 11. infer:(Para5) v.reach an opinion from facts; conclude sth.(由事实)推知,推断 It is possible to infer two completely opposite conclusions from this set of facts What do you infer from her refusing? 2 make fun of:( Para5) laugh at sb./sth.,usu. unkindly嘲笑,奚落 It's cruel to make fun of people who are deaf You are al ways making fun of me! 13. stand up to:(Para6)1). meet or face bravely; be against without fear勇敢地面对 Why don' t you stand up to your boss when you know you are right Little girls should learn to stand up to a ) not be changed or damaged by经得起,承受得起 Will the lorries stand up to the journey over rough roads? Their views won't stand up to detailed criticism. 14. fluctuate:(Para6)v1)( of an attitude or a state) change continually变换不定,犹豫不决 动摇2)( of price, number,rate,etc.) rise and fall(指价格、数量)波动,涨落 He fluctuated between hope and despair The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather 15. undermine:(Para7)n1) weaken gradually使逐渐削弱,暗中损坏2), weaken at the base使从基础破坏 Every mistake that she makes further undermines her authority The waves had undermined the cliff 构词 前缀“ under”,意为“在下面、下面的、不够地 underage ady.未成年的 underdeveloped adj.发展不全的 underemployment n.就业率过低 underestimate 1.低估 6
6 There is a tendency for job losses to rise in the winter in the States. 6. take sth. for granted: (Para.2) think sth. to be true; treat sb. or sth. with too little attention or concern 认为真实；视为理所当然 I take it for granted you have read this book. He just takes it for granted that the home is clean. 7. somewhat: (Para.2) adv. to some degree; rather 有几分，在某种程度上，颇为 I was somewhat surprised to see him. She’s somewhat more confident than she used to be. 8. hold down: (Para.4) keep (a job) for some time 保住(工作) He couldn’t hold down a job after his psychological illness. He’s never been able to hold down a steady job. 9. accommodation: (Para4) n. 1. convenient arrangement; the settling of a disagreement 和解, 调解 2. [pl.] room(s) and food 住所，膳宿 The two sides failed to agree on every point but came to an accommodation. The society provides accommodations for the meeting. 10. compensate: ( Para.4) v. give (sb.) sth. good to lessen the bad effect of damage, loss, etc. 补 偿，赔偿 Nothing can compensate for the loss of one’s health. The animal’s good sense of smell compensates for its poor eyesight. 11. infer: (Para5 ) v. reach an opinion from facts; conclude sth. （由事实）推知，推断 It is possible to infer two completely opposite conclusions from this set of facts. What do you infer from her refusing? 12. make fun of: ( Para5) laugh at sb. / sth., usu. unkindly 嘲笑，奚落 It’s cruel to make fun of people who are deaf. You are always making fun of me! 13. stand up to: (Para6) 1). meet or face bravely; be against without fear 勇敢地面对 Why don’t you stand up to your boss when you know you are right! Little girls should learn to stand up to a bully. 2). not be changed or damaged by 经得起，承受得起 Will the lorries stand up to the journey over rough roads? Their views won’t stand up to detailed criticism. 14. fluctuate: (Para.6) v. 1). (of an attitude or a state) change continually 变换不定, 犹豫不决， 动摇 2). (of price, number, rate, etc.) rise and fall (指价格、数量) 波动，涨落 He fluctuated between hope and despair. The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather. 15. undermine: (Para7) v. 1). weaken gradually 使逐渐削弱，暗中损坏 2). weaken at the base 使从基础破坏 Every mistake that she makes further undermines her authority. The waves had undermined the cliff. 构词 前缀“under-”, 意为“在下面、下面的、不够地” underage adj. 未成年的 underdeveloped adj. 发展不全的 underemployment n. 就业率过低 underestimate v. 低估
undergo v.遭受 undergraduate n./ad.在校大学生(的) underground ad.地下的 underrate v.低估 16. contradiction:(Para7)n.1) being contrary to矛盾,不一致2). disagreement否 认,反驳 There seems to be a contradiction between her words and actions Thats a flat contradiction of what you said before 17. conversely:(Para.7)adh: opposite to sth, on the other hand相反地,另一面 Running can strengthen your heart and muscles, but conversely, it can also damage your knees and the bones in your feet You can add the liquid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the liquid 18. on demand:(Para.8) whenever asked for一经要求 She's in favor of help on demand Babies should be fed on demand 19. submit:( Para. 10) vi accept the control; gIve In屈服于,服从,接受……的控制 She decided to submit to the new rules We protested about the changes for a long time, but in the end we had to submit 20. turn over a new leaf:( Parall) start a new and better way of behaving悔过自新,洗心革 面,重新做人 She decided to turn over a new leaf and give up smoking He has been very lazy but he is going to turn over a new leaf and work hard th:( Parall) be certain or extremely likely to do sth.一定……,必 You re bound to feel nervous about your interview He's bound to fail the exam if he doesn 't work hard 22. in the end:( Parall) at last; finally最后,终于 He tried many different jobs; in the end he became a postman We were thinking about going to Switzerland, but in the end we went to Austria. 辨析 at last, in the end, finally 三者都可作“最后;终于”解,但用法有所不同 at last一般指经过重重困难或不愉快的经历后“终于……”。 His chance came at last.(强 调他为获得此机会进行的各种努力。) finally有两个用法:一是在列举事物或论点时 可用来引出最后一项内容;二是用在句中动词前面,表示“等了好久才…”。如:They waited and waited, and the concert finally started. in the end表示结局,有时可与 at last 换用,不同的是 in the end也可以用于指将来时,其余两个则不行。 IL. Translation Pa ssage A 我为女儿抽烟哭泣 我的女儿会抽烟。她做家庭作业时,脚搁在前面的长凳上,计算机嗒嗒地跳出
7 undergo v. 遭受 undergraduate n./adj. 在校大学生(的) underground adj. 地下的 underrate v. 低估 16. contradiction: (Para.7 ) n. 1). being contrary to 矛盾，不一致 2). disagreement 否 认，反驳 There seems to be a contradiction between her words and actions. That’s a flat contradiction of what you said before. 17. conversely: (Para.7 ) adv. opposite to sth., on the other hand 相反地，另一面 Running can strengthen your heart and muscles, but conversely, it can also damage your knees and the bones in your feet. You can add the liquid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the liquid. 18. on demand: (Para.8) whenever asked for 一经要求 She’s in favor of help on demand. Babies should be fed on demand. 19. submit: ( Para.10) vi. accept the control; give in 屈服于，服从，接受······的控制 She decided to submit to the new rules. We protested about the changes for a long time, but in the end we had to submit. 20. turn over a new leaf: ( Para11) start a new and better way of behaving 悔过自新，洗心革 面，重新做人 She decided to turn over a new leaf and give up smoking. He has been very lazy but he is going to turn over a new leaf and work hard. 21. be bound to do sth.: ( Para11) be certain or extremely likely to do sth. 一定······，必 定······ You’re bound to feel nervous about your interview. He’s bound to fail the exam if he doesn’t work hard. 22. in the end: ( Para11) at last; finally 最后，终于 He tried many different jobs; in the end he became a postman. We were thinking about going to Switzerland, but in the end we went to Austria. 辨析 at last, in the end, finally 三者都可作“最后; 终于”解, 但用法有所不同。 at last 一般指经过重重困难或不愉快的经历后“终于······”。His chance came at last. (强 调他为获得此机会进行的各种努力。) finally 有两个用法：一是在列举事物或论点时， 可用来引出最后一项内容；二是用在句中动词前面，表示“等了好久才······”。如：They waited and waited , and the concert finally started. in the end 表示结局，有时可与 at last 换用，不同的是 in the end 也可以用于指将来时，其余两个则不行。 II. Translation Passage A 我为女儿抽烟哭泣 我的女儿会抽烟。她做家庭作业时，脚搁在前面的长凳上，计算机嗒嗒地跳出
几何题的答案。我看着那包已抽了一半、她随意扔在紧靠手边处的骆驼牌香烟。我拿 起香烟,走到厨房里去仔细察看,那里的光线好一点——谢天谢地,那是有过滤嘴的。 可我心里却感到十分难过。我想哭。事实上,站在厨房煤气灶旁边,我确实哭过。我手 里捏着一支雪白雪白的香烟,制作得非常精致。那可是会致我女儿于死地的东西啊。当 她抽“万宝路”及“运动员”牌香烟时,我硬起心肠,不让自己感到难过。我认识的人当中 没有那个抽过这两种牌子的香烟 她不知道我父亲、也就是她外公生前抽的就是骆驼牌香烟。但是在他开始抽机制卷 烟之前——那时他很年轻、也很穷,但眼睛炯炯有神——他抽的是用阿尔伯特亲王牌烟 丝自己手工卷制的香烟。我还记得那鲜红的烟丝罐头,上面有一张维多利亚女王的丈 夫阿尔伯特亲王身穿黑色燕尾服、手拿一支手杖的图片 到40年代末、50年代初,我的家乡乔治亚州的伊顿镇上已没有人再自己手工制作卷 烟了(而且几乎没有女人抽烟)。烟草业,再加上好莱坞电影—一影片中的男女主角 都是老烟鬼一—把像我父亲那样的人完完全全争取了过去,他们无可救药地抽烟上了 瘾。然而我父亲看上去从来就没有像阿尔伯特亲王那样时髦。他还是一个贫穷、过于肥 胖、为养活一大家人而拼命干活的男人。他浑身漆黑,嘴里却总叼着一支雪白的香烟 我记不清父亲是什么时候开始咳嗽的,也许开始时并不明显,他早晨一下床点燃第 支香烟时才有点微咳。到我16岁,也就是我女儿现在这般年龄时,他一呼吸就呼哧 呼哧的,让人感到不安;他上楼时每走三、四级楼梯就得停下来休息一会儿。他常常 连咳上一个来小时 肺病把我父亲折磨得虚弱不堪,一个严冬,他死于被叫做“穷人的朋友”的疾病一肺炎 他咳嗽了这么多年,我想他的肺部已没有什么完好的地方了。去世前几年,他的呼吸 已经很虚弱了,他总得倚靠着某个东西。我记得有一次全家聚会,当时我女儿才2岁, 他抱了她一会儿,好让我有时间给他俩拍张照片。但是很明显,他是费了好大劲的 他生命行将结束前,主要是因为他的肺功能己极度受损,他才戒了烟。戒烟后他的体重 增加了几磅,但当时他太瘦了,所以没人注意到这一点。 我到第三世界国家去旅行时,看到了许多像我父亲和女儿那样的人。到处都有针对 他们这两类人的巨大广告牌:强壮、自信或时髦、年龄较大的男人,以及漂亮、“世故 的年青女人,都在吞云吐雾。就像在美国的市中心区和印第安人的居留地上发生的事 样,在这些贫困的国家里,那些本应该花在食物上的钱却流进了烟草公司。久而久 人们不但缺少食物,而且还缺少空气,这样不但大大地削弱了孩子们的体质,还使 他们染上了烟瘾,最终还会致他们于死地。我在报纸及我订阅的园艺杂志上看到,烟蒂 的毒性是很强的:一个婴儿如果吞下了一个烟蒂,就很有可能会死去:沸水加一把烟 蒂就成了很有效的杀虫剂 作为一个母亲,我感到深深的痛苦。有时我有一种无能为力的感觉。我记得自己怀 孕时,吃东西的时候是多么当心啊!之后在教她如何安全穿过马路时,又是多么耐心 啊!有时我纳闷:自己这样做到底是为了什么?难道是为了她今后大半辈子有气无力 地挣扎着呼吸,然后再像她外公那样自己把自己毒死? 我特别喜欢一条写在受伤害妇女收容所里的语录:“人间平安,始于家庭。”我认为 世上所有东西都是如此。我还想起了另一条写给那些想戒烟的人们的语录:“每个家庭 都应该是禁烟区。”抽烟是一种自我毁灭,而且也毀灭着那些不得不坐在你身边的人 那些人偶尔也会取笑或抱怨抽烟,可常常只能无可奈何地坐在一边看。我现在意识到 了,当我还是一个孩子时,许多年中我实际上是一直坐在旁边,看着我父亲自杀。对 那些生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们来说,能在我家取得这样一种胜利,肯定是够满意了 P
8 几何题的答案。 我看着那包已抽了一半、她随意扔在紧靠手边处的骆驼牌香烟。 我拿 起香烟，走到厨房里去仔细察看，那里的光线好一点——谢天谢地，那是有过滤嘴的。 可我心里却感到十分难过。我想哭。 事实上，站在厨房煤气灶旁边, 我确实哭过。我手 里捏着一支雪白雪白的香烟，制作得非常精致。那可是会致我女儿于死地的东西啊。 当 她抽“万宝路”及“运动员”牌香烟时，我硬起心肠, 不让自己感到难过。我认识的人当中 没有那个抽过这两种牌子的香烟。 她不知道我父亲、也就是她外公生前抽的就是骆驼牌香烟。 但是在他开始抽机制卷 烟之前——那时他很年轻、也很穷，但眼睛炯炯有神——他抽的是用阿尔伯特亲王牌烟 丝自己手工卷制的香烟。 我还记得那鲜红的烟丝罐头，上面有一张维多利亚女王的丈 夫阿尔伯特亲王身穿黑色燕尾服、手拿一支手杖的图片。 到 40 年代末、50 年代初，我的家乡乔治亚州的伊顿镇上已没有人再自己手工制作卷 烟了（而且几乎没有女人抽烟）。 烟草业，再加上好莱坞电影——影 片中的男女主角 都是老烟鬼——把像我父亲那样的人完完全全争取了过去, 他们无可救药地抽烟上了 瘾。然而我父亲看上去从来就没有像阿尔伯特亲王那样时髦。他还是一个贫穷、过于肥 胖、为养活一大家人而拼命干活的男人。他浑身漆黑，嘴里却总叼着一支雪白的香烟。 我记不清父亲是什么时候开始咳嗽的, 也许开始时并不明显, 他早晨一下床点燃第 一支香烟时才有点微咳。 到我 16 岁, 也就是我女儿现在这般年龄时，他一呼吸就呼哧 呼哧的，让人感到不安；他上楼时每走三、四级楼梯就得停下来休息一会儿。 他常常 一连咳上一个来小时。 肺病把我父亲折磨得虚弱不堪, 一个严冬，他死于被叫做“穷人的朋友”的疾病—肺炎。 他咳嗽了这么多年，我想他的肺部已没有什么完好的地方了。 去世前几年，他的呼吸 已经很虚弱了，他总得倚靠着某个东西。我记得有一次全家聚会，当时我女儿才 2 岁， 他抱了她一会儿，好让我有时间给他俩拍张照片。 但是很明显，他是费了好大劲的。 他生命行将结束前, 主要是因为他的肺功能已极度受损，他才戒了烟。 戒烟后他的体重 增加了几磅，但当时他太瘦了，所以没人注意到这一点。 我到第三世界国家去旅行时，看到了许多像我父亲和女儿那样的人。 到处都有针对 他们这两类人的巨大广告牌：强壮、自信或时髦、年龄较大的男人, 以及漂亮、“世故” 的年青女人，都在吞云吐雾。 就像在美国的市中心区和印第安人的居留地上发生的事 一样, 在这些贫困的国家里，那些本应该花在食物上的钱却流进了烟草公司。久而久 之，人们不但缺少食物，而且还缺少空气，这样不但大大地削弱了孩子们的体质，还使 他们染上了烟瘾，最终还会致他们于死地。 我在报纸及我订阅的园艺杂志上看到, 烟蒂 的毒性是很强的：一个婴儿如果吞下了一个烟蒂，就很有可能会死去； 沸水加一把烟 蒂就成了很有效的杀虫剂。 作为一个母亲，我感到深深的痛苦。 有时我有一种无能为力的感觉。 我记得自己怀 孕时，吃东西的时候是多么当心啊！ 之后在教她如何安全穿过马路时，又是多么耐心 啊！ 有时我纳闷：自己这样做到底是为了什么? 难道是为了她今后大半辈子有气无力 地挣扎着呼吸，然后再像她外公那样自己把自己毒死？ 我特别喜欢一条写在受伤害妇女收容所里的语录：“人间平安，始于家庭。” 我认为 世上所有东西都是如此。我还想起了另一条写给那些想戒烟的人们的语录： “每个家庭 都应该是禁烟区。” 抽烟是一种自我毁灭，而且也毁灭着那些不得不坐在你身边的人。 那些人偶尔也会取笑或抱怨抽烟，可常常只能无可奈何地坐在一边看。 我现在意识到 了，当我还是一个孩子时，许多年中我实际上是一直坐在旁边，看着我父亲自杀。 对 那些生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们来说，能在我家取得这样一种胜利，肯定是够满意了。 Passage B
别再宠坏孩子 我四处奔波,应约作各种演讲,常在他人家里过夜,被安排在孩子的卧室里。我经常发 现孩子房间里玩具实在太多了,甚至几乎连我小小的梳妆盒也无处可放。还有壁橱通常也 是塞满了衣服,因此我几乎无法把我的夹克衫塞进去。 我不是在抱怨谁,只是在表明一种观点。我发现给孩子们买太多的玩具和衣服的倾向在 美国家庭已是司空见惯。我不仅认为孩子们把家长的慷慨大方视作理所当然的家庭实在太多 了,而且认为这种做法的后果实际上对孩子们来说也是有害的。 家长为什么要给孩子们那么多的东西?或者要给孩子们买他们买不起的东西?我认为 这有好几方面的原因 个颇为常见的原因就是父母亲们是出于内疚感而溺爱孩子的。都是全日上班的父母也 许会因为不能常常和孩子在一起而感到内疚。他们可能想通过给孩子们大量物质的东西作为 对他们的补偿。 其它类型的父母给孩子买这买那,是因为他们想让孩子拥有他们自己童年时所拥有的 每一样东西,再加上那些他们过去想得到而未能得到的东西。还有些家长不愿拒绝孩子们永 无休止的买玩具的要求,是因为他们害怕孩子会认为父母不爱他们,或者害怕如果他们得不 到和小伙伴相同的玩具会被人取笑 当家长无法顶住孩子的无理要求时,也会发生宠孩子的现象。这样的父母会在拒绝和 让步之间动摇不定一但是好像没有哪种办法能使他们感到满意。如果他们拒绝孩子的请 求,他们会立即因为对孩子太严格或太不慷慨而感到一阵后悔。如果他们让步了,也会因 为太容易让步而感到懊悔和自责。这样的反复无定不但削弱了父母管教孩子的能力,同时也 在某种程度上使父母与子女之间的关系变味一使家长和子女失去存在于健康家庭里的某 些幸福和相互尊重 但是,用物质的东西来宠爱孩子几乎不能减轻父母的内疚感(因为父母从不会感到他们 给孩子的东西已经够了,也不会使孩子们觉得自己得到了更多的爱(因为孩子真正想要的 是父母的时间和对他们的注意)。相反,给的东西太多可能是有害的。在一定程度上,孩子 可能变得贪婪、自私、忘恩负义,对他人的需要和感觉变得麻木不仁,而且首先从对自己父 母的态度开始。给孩子的东西太多会逐渐削弱他们对父母的尊敬。事实上,孩子们已经开始 感到父母的无限制的慷慨大方是不对的。这种矛盾的结果可能是这些孩子会反过来提出更高 的要求,并下意识地希望:如果他们逼得凶些,他们就能迫使他们的父母亲建立起教育子女 的规范 另外,被宠坏的孩子不象那些拥有玩具较少的孩子会在做游戏时被激发出更大的创造 性。由于他们一提出要求时,每一样东西都马上就能得到满足,他们了解金钱价值的机会就 比别人少,而且他们在一时不能得到满足的情况下如何应对方面经验也比别的孩子少。 讨论这个问题的真正目的不是要告诉家长们应该给孩子们多少才适当。确切地讲,我 的目的是帮助那些已经意识到自己也许是在宠坏孩子、但又不知道如何纠正这一做法的家长 有时你也许会对自己是否要对孩子提出的许多要求做出让步感到没有把握。这并不意 味着你不能改变。首先,你应该设法弄清楚是什么东西使你让步、或者让你感到内疚的。然 后,即使没能找出原因,你也该开始做出果断的决定,并试着用迅速、果断的方式对孩子的 要求做出反应。 旦你改变了以往的做法,你也不能指望马上有效果。有时你肯定会摇摆不定的。关键 是你要对逐渐的进步感到满足,要预见到并接受可能伴随这种改变而来的偶尔失误。还有
9 别再宠坏孩子 我四处奔波，应约作各种演讲，常在他人家里过夜，被安排在孩子的卧室里。 我经常发 现孩子房间里玩具实在太多了，甚至几乎连我小小的梳妆盒也无处可放。还有壁橱通常也 是塞满了衣服，因此我几乎无法把我的夹克衫塞进去。 我不是在抱怨谁，只是在表明一种观点。我发现给孩子们买太多的玩具和衣服的倾向在 美国家庭已是司空见惯。我不仅认为孩子们把家长的慷慨大方视作理所当然的家庭实在太多 了，而且认为这种做法的后果实际上对孩子们来说也是有害的。 家长为什么要给孩子们那么多的东西？或者要给孩子们买他们买不起的东西？我认为 这有好几方面的原因。 一个颇为常见的原因就是父母亲们是出于内疚感而溺爱孩子的。都是全日上班的父母也 许会因为不能常常和孩子在一起而感到内疚。他们可能想通过给孩子们大量物质的东西作为 对他们的补偿。 其它类型的父母给孩子买这买那，是因为他们想让孩子拥有他们自己童年时所拥有的 每一样东西，再加上那些他们过去想得到而未能得到的东西。还有些家长不愿拒绝孩子们永 无休止的买玩具的要求，是因为他们害怕孩子会认为父母不爱他们，或者害怕如果他们得不 到和小伙伴相同的玩具会被人取笑。 当家长无法顶住孩子的无理要求时，也会发生宠孩子的现象。这样的父母会在拒绝和 让步之间动摇不定 — 但是好像没有哪种办法能使他们感到满意。如果他们拒绝孩子的请 求，他们会立即因为对孩子太严格或太不慷慨而感到一阵后悔。 如果他们让步了，也会因 为太容易让步而感到懊悔和自责。这样的反复无定不但削弱了父母管教孩子的能力，同时也 在某种程度上使父母与子女之间的关系变味 — 使家长和子女失去存在于健康家庭里的某 些幸福和相互尊重。 但是, 用物质的东西来宠爱孩子几乎不能减轻父母的内疚感（因为父母从不会感到他们 给孩子的东西已经够了), 也不会使孩子们觉得自己得到了更多的爱（因为孩子真正想要的 是父母的时间和对他们的注意）。相反，给的东西太多可能是有害的。在一定程度上，孩子 可能变得贪婪、自私、忘恩负义，对他人的需要和感觉变得麻木不仁，而且首先从对自己父 母的态度开始。给孩子的东西太多会逐渐削弱他们对父母的尊敬。事实上，孩子们已经开始 感到父母的无限制的慷慨大方是不对的。这种矛盾的结果可能是这些孩子会反过来提出更高 的要求，并下意识地希望：如果他们逼得凶些，他们就能迫使他们的父母亲建立起教育子女 的规范。 另外, 被宠坏的孩子不象那些拥有玩具较少的孩子会在做游戏时被激发出更大的创造 性。由于他们一提出要求时，每一样东西都马上就能得到满足，他们了解金钱价值的机会就 比别人少，而且他们在一时不能得到满足的情况下如何应对方面经验也比别的孩子少。 讨论这个问题的真正目的不是要告诉家长们应该给孩子们多少才适当。确切地讲，我 的目的是帮助那些已经意识到自己也许是在宠坏孩子、但又不知道如何纠正这一做法的家长 们。 有时你也许会对自己是否要对孩子提出的许多要求做出让步感到没有把握。这并不意 味着你不能改变。首先，你应该设法弄清楚是什么东西使你让步、或者让你感到内疚的。然 后，即使没能找出原因，你也该开始做出果断的决定，并试着用迅速、果断的方式对孩子的 要求做出反应。 一旦你改变了以往的做法，你也不能指望马上有效果。有时你肯定会摇摆不定的。关键 是你要对逐渐的进步感到满足，要预见到并接受可能伴随这种改变而来的偶尔失误。还有
即使你以更坚定、更自信的方式实施着你的决定,也不能指望你的孩子会马上做出反应。在 段时间内,他们会继续对你施加曾经很有效的、老一套的压力。但一旦他们知道不停的抱 怨和争论再也不会起作用时,他们最终是会尊重你的决定的。这样做的结果是:你和你的孩 子都会对此感到比以前更加开心
10 即使你以更坚定、更自信的方式实施着你的决定，也不能指望你的孩子会马上做出反应。在 一段时间内，他们会继续对你施加曾经很有效的、老一套的压力。但一旦他们知道不停的抱 怨和争论再也不会起作用时，他们最终是会尊重你的决定的。这样做的结果是：你和你的孩 子都会对此感到比以前更加开心