Unit 4 Section a I Background Knowled 1. How do people communicate? Verbal/ nonverba Ways of communication include: language(spoken or written), signs, gestures, facial expression, body language, etc 2. Body language Body language--- refers to the communication by the body without saying any word, such as face expression, movements of the body, posture or position, ways of doing things, the sound of voices etc. They are the ways most people are not aware they are sending or receiving messages all the time 3. EQ(Emotional Quotient) EQ(Emotional Quotient) is vital to your success of career. It is defined as the mental ability you are born with which gives you your emotional sensitivity and your potential for emotional learning management skills which can help you maximize your long term health happiness and survival. Emotional intelligence gives you a competitive edge. Having great intellectual abilities may make you a superb fiscal analyst or legal scholar, but a highly developed emotional intelligence will make you a candidate for CEO or a brilliant trial lawyer An analysis of the personality traits that accompany high iQ in men who also lack these emotional competencies portrays, well, the stereotypical nerd: critical and condescending emotionally bland. By contrast, men with the traits that mark emotional intelligence are poised and outgoing, committed to people and causes, sympathetic and caring, with a rich but appropriate emotional life -- they're comfortable with themselves, others, and the social universe they live in EQ involves the ability to perceive and identify emotions in faces, tone of voice, body language. If you know how to perceive and identify emotions in people's behavior, you may know how to behave in the best way to reveal the emotions you want to convey to others, that s, you know how to make a good impression on others. This is the first step to success II.Text Analysis Main Idea and Devices for Developing It 1. Main idea of the text: When people want to make a good impression, the following advice can be of some help: you are the message, be yourself; use your eyes; and lighten up Devices for developing it? l) Listing(列举法) ideas through the device of listing He gives his four pieces of advice on How to Make a Good Impression"by listing and expounding one after another Be yourself. (Para. 6) Use your eyes. (Para. 10) Lighten up. ( Para. 12)
Unit 4 Section A I. Background Knowledge 1. How do people communicate? Verbal/ nonverbal Ways of communication include: language (spoken or written), signs, gestures, facial expression, body language, etc. 2. Body language: Body language--- refers to the communication by the body without saying any word, such as face expression, movements of the body, posture or position, ways of doing things, the sound of voices etc. They are the ways most people are not aware they are sending or receiving messages all the time. 3. EQ (Emotional Quotient) EQ (Emotional Quotient) is vital to your success of career. It is defined as the mental ability you are born with which gives you your emotional sensitivity and your potential for emotional learning management skills which can help you maximize your long term health, happiness and survival. Emotional intelligence gives you a competitive edge. Having great intellectual abilities may make you a superb fiscal analyst or legal scholar, but a highly developed emotional intelligence will make you a candidate for CEO or a brilliant trial lawyer. An analysis of the personality traits that accompany high IQ in men who also lack these emotional competencies portrays, well, the stereotypical nerd: critical and condescending, emotionally bland. By contrast, men with the traits that mark emotional intelligence are poised and outgoing, committed to people and causes, sympathetic and caring, with a rich but appropriate emotional life -- they're comfortable with themselves, others, and the social universe they live in. EQ involves the ability to perceive and identify emotions in faces, tone of voice, body language. If you know how to perceive and identify emotions in people’s behavior, you may know how to behave in the best way to reveal the emotions you want to convey to others, that is, you know how to make a good impression on others. This is the first step to success. II.Text Analysis Main Idea and Devices for Developing It 1． Main idea of the text: When people want to make a good impression, the following advice can be of some help: you are the message; be yourself; use your eyes; and lighten up. Devices for developing it? 1) Listing (列举法) The writer successfully presents the reader his ideas through the device of listing: He gives his four pieces of advice on “How to Make a Good Impression” by listing and expounding one after another: You are the message. (Para.3) Be yourself. (Para. 6) Use your eyes. (Para.10) Lighten up. (Para. 12)
2). Questioning(设问法 The writer presents and expounds his ideas by asking a list of questions, thus arousing an active echo in the readers mind, and then bringing the reader round to his ways of thinking. The Title: How to Make a Good Impression Part I Focus on the first seven seconds. What did you feel and think? How did you "read"the other person? How do you think he read you?(Para. 2) Part Il: Think of times when you know you made a good impression. What made you successful? ( Para. 5) Partlll: Take a good look at yourself. Do you say"I"too often? Are you usually focused on your own problems? Do you complain frequently? If you answered yes to even one of these questions, you need to lighten up. ( Para. 15) 3. Exemplification(举例法) Exemplification is applied to make the authors advice or opinion more authentic ersuasive. And it is employed in the second part of the article as follows 1)For 25 years I've worked with thousands who want to be successful. Ive helped them make persuasive presentations, answer unfriendly questions, communicate more effectively. The secret has always been you are the message.(Para. 3) 2)Once in a staff meeting, one of the most powerful chairmen in the entertainment industry ecame very angry over tiny problems, scolded each worker and enjoyed making them fear him When he got to me, he shouted, " And you, Ailes, what are you doing? said," Do you mean now, this evening or for the rest of my life? There was a moment of silence. Then the chairman threw back his head and roared with laughter. Others laughed too Humor broke the stress of a very uncomfortable scene. ( Para. 12-13) Structure Analysis: Part I(Para. 1-2): Research shows that we make up our minds about people through unspoken communication within seven seconds of meeting them Devices for developing it? Listing(列举法 1. Consciously or unconsciously, we show our true feelings with our eyes, faces bodies, and attitudes, causing a chain of reactions ranging from comfort to fear 2. Think about some of your most unforgettable meetings: an introduction to Your future spouse, a job interview, an encounter with a stranger Questioning(设问法) Set a scene: Focus on the first seven seconds QI What did you feel and think? Q2 How did you‘read” the other person? Q3How did you"read"the other person? Part II (Para.3-14): The four qualities we can use to impress others: You are the message; be yourself; use your eyes; lighten up Devices for developing it 1. Listing(列举法)(St1 of para.3,6,10,12, as shown above) 2 Exemplification(举例法)(Para3,12-13) The writer supports his general statements very effectively through a list of examples, without having to go into details about them. Example 1: (His idea: We make up our minds about people within seven seconds of meeting them. Think about some of your most unforgettable meetings: an introduction to your future spouse, a job interview, an encounter with a stranger. Focus on the first seven seconds. What
2).Questioning（设问法） The writer presents and expounds his ideas by asking a list of questions, thus arousing an active echo in the reader’s mind, and then bringing the reader round to his ways of thinking. The Title: How to Make a Good Impression PartⅠ:Focus on the first seven seconds. What did you feel and think? How did you “read” the other person? How do you think he read you? (Para. 2) PartⅡ:Think of times when you know you made a good impression. What made you successful? (Para. 5) PartⅢ: Take a good look at yourself. Do you say “I” too often? Are you usually focused on your own problems? Do you complain frequently? If you answered yes to even one of these questions, you need to lighten up.(Para. 15) 3. Exemplification (举例法) Exemplification is applied to make the author’s advice or opinion more authentic and persuasive. And it is employed in the second part of the article as follows: 1) For 25 years I’ve worked with thousands who want to be successful. I’ve helped them make persuasive presentations, answer unfriendly questions, communicate more effectively. The secret has always been you are the message. (Para.3) 2) Once in a staff meeting, one of the most powerful chairmen in the entertainment industry became very angry over tiny problems, scolded each worker and enjoyed making them fear him. When he got to me, he shouted, “And you, Ailes, what are you doing?” I said, “Do you mean now, this evening or for the rest of my life?” There was a moment of silence. Then the chairman threw back his head and roared with laughter. Others laughed too. Humor broke the stress of a very uncomfortable scene. (Para.12-13) Structure Analysis: PartⅠ(Para.1-2): Research shows that we make up our minds about people through unspoken communication within seven seconds of meeting them. Devices for developing it ? Listing （列举法） 1. Consciously or unconsciously, we show our true feelings with our eyes , faces bodies，and attitudes，causing a chain of reactions, ranging from comfort to fear. 2. Think about some of your most unforgettable meetings: an introduction to Your future spouse, a job interview, an encounter with a stranger. Questioning（设问法）Set a scene:Focus on the first seven seconds. Q1What did you feel and think? Q2How did you “read” the other person? Q3How did you “read” the other person? PartⅡ(Para.3-14):The four qualities we can use to impress others：You are the message; be yourself; use your eyes; lighten up Devices for developing it ? 1.Listing (列举法) (St. 1 of Para.3, 6, 10, 12, as shown above) 2. Exemplification (举例法) (Para.3, 12-13) The writer supports his general statements very effectively through a list of examples, without having to go into details about them. Example 1: (His idea: We make up our minds about people within seven seconds of meeting them.) Think about some of your most unforgettable meetings: an introduction to your future spouse, a job interview, an encounter with a stranger. Focus on the first seven seconds. What
did you feel and think? (L5-6) Example 2 (His idea: Others will want to be with you and help you if you use your good qualities. Your good qualities include: physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expression through the eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of others. ( Para. 4) 1. Deduction(演绎法)(Para.6-11) General statement 1: Be yourself. Specific deduction Many how-to books advise you to stride into a room and impress others with your qualities. They instruct you to greet them with"power handshakes"and tell you to fix your eyes on the other person. If you follow all this advice. You'll drive everyone crazy -including yourself. The trick is to be consistently you, at your best. (further statement) Specific deduction The most effective people never change from one situation to another. Theyre the same whether they're having a conversation, addressing their garden club or being interviewed for a job. They communicate with their whole being: the tones of their voices and their gestures match their words General statement 2: Use your eyes. Specific deduction Whether you're talking to one person or one hundred, always remember to look at them. Some people start to say something while looking right at you, but three words into the sentence, they break eye contact and look out the window. Specific deduction As you enter a room, move your eyes comfortably; then look straight at those in he room and smile Smiling is important. It shows you are relaxed. Some think entering a room full of people is like going into a lions disagree. If i did agree, I certainly wouldn, t look at my feet or at the ceiling. I'd keep my eye on the Partll(Para. 15): We all have within ourselves the power to make a good impression. Just be ourselves and well make it Devices for developing it Induction through Questions& Answers(归纳法) Paragraph15 I Language points Phrases and expressions I range from... to.. (L. 4) occur from.to.从到..(范围或幅度内)变化 eg. His feelings on the matter have ranged from bitterness to hope 他对这件事的感觉经历了从痛苦万分到满怀希望的变化过程 The market prices of commercial housing range from 2, 000 to 8,000 yuan per square meter 商品房的市场价格每平方米从2000元到8000元不等。 2. focus on(L 6) direct(something such as one's attention) firmly on(a subject); pay attention to 使(注意力)集中在 eg. He focused his attention on the map.他的注意力都集中在那张地图上。 The speech focused on the way the Internet influenced our life 演讲主要谈的是互联网影响我们生活的方式
did you feel and think? (L.5-6) Example 2 (His idea: Others will want to be with you and help you if you use your good qualities.) Your good qualities include: physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expression through the eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of others. (Para. 4) 1. Deduction (演绎法) (Para.6 – 11) General statement 1 : Be yourself. Specific deduction: Many how-to books advise you to stride into a room and impress others with your qualities. They instruct you to greet them with “power handshakes” and tell you to fix your eyes on the other person. If you follow all this advice. You’ll drive everyone crazy —including yourself. The trick is to be consistently you, at your best. (further statement) Specific deduction: The most effective people never change from one situation to another. They’re the same whether they’re having a conversation, addressing their garden club or being interviewed for a job. They communicate with their whole being; the tones of their voices and their gestures match their words. General statement 2: Use your eyes. Specific deduction: Whether you’re talking to one person or one hundred, always remember to look at them. Some people start to say something while looking right at you, but three words into the sentence, they break eye contact and look out the window. Specific deduction: As you enter a room, move your eyes comfortably; then look straight at those in the room and smile. Smiling is important. It shows you are relaxed. Some think entering a room full of people is like going into a lion’s cage. I disagree. If I did agree, I certainly wouldn’t look at my feet or at the ceiling. I’d keep my eye on the lion! PartⅢ(Para.15):We all have within ourselves the power to make a good impression. Just be ourselves and we’ll make it. Devices for developing it ? Induction through Questions & Answers (归纳法) Paragraph 15 II. Language Points Phrases and expressions 1.range from… to… (L. 4) occur from...to... 从... 到... （范围或幅度内）变化 eg. His feelings on the matter have ranged from bitterness to hope. 他对这件事的感觉经历了从痛苦万分到满怀希望的变化过程。 The market prices of commercial housing range from 2,000 to 8,000 yuan per square meter. 商品房的市场价格每平方米从 2000 元到 8000 元不等。 2.focus on (L. 6) direct (something such as one's attention) firmly on (a subject); pay attention to 使（注意力）集中在 eg. He focused his attention on the map.他的注意力都集中在那张地图上。 The speech focused on the way the Internet influenced our life. 演讲主要谈的是互联网影响我们生活的方式
3. drive everyone crazy(L. 24) make someone feel very angry or annoyed逼得某人发疯,或受不了 His lack of order drove his girlfriend crazy他的不修边幅令他的女友受不了 4. be at ones best(L. 26) in one' s best state or condition处于最佳状态,在全盛时期 eg. This is an example of his work at its best.这代表了他最佳时期的作品。 I' m never at my best in the morning, therefore I cant help falling asleep in class, especially when the teacher's lecture is dull 我早上的状态总是不好,因此总忍不住在课堂上睡觉,特别是当老师的课十分乏味时。 分吧回认直地对特某人、③师笑 Typical Patterns: 1. Typical patterns for starting a topic through evidence or questions 1)A large body of research(evidence /study facts /experience /data) show(s)proves/ suggests/indicates )that ☆(从句-opi)大量的研究(证据/研究/事实经验数据)显示(证明表明, The data given in the table show that dramatic changes have taken place in student use of computers during the past five years 表中所给数据显示,在过去五年中学生使用计算机的情况发生了很大的变化。 2. Typical patterns for argumentation through a list of examples 1)Sb. does one thing, does another thing,. (a list of examples). The secret/basic problem is that.(作者的观点) Eg. You can dream of becoming a civil engineering expert, a biologist and even a geophysicist But the basic problem is what qualities you have to realize one after another of your dre 你可以梦想当一名土木工程专家,当一名生物学家,甚至当一名地球物理学家。但根本 的问题是你有什么条件去圆一个又一个的梦 1)Sb. Sth is the same(Sb. does sth )whether .,..or.(a list of examples 无论是.时,…时,还是….时,某人/某物的表现是一样的(某人仍做某事)。 Eg. Their love for each other remained what it had always been whether their life was deep in difficulty, free from storms or full of lures. 无论他们的生活艰难时,风平浪静时,还是充满诱惑时,他们始终相爱如初。 3. Typical patterns for argumentation through"if clause 1)Sb.wll(not) do sth.if/ as long as/ provided….,(说话者的情景设定) 只要/如果某人就(不)会 Eg. Sometimes, we will be able to fulfill ourselves if we just draw upon a little more self- confidence有时,我们只要多一点点自信心,就能够充分发挥自己的能力 Expressions Patterns 1. to make up our minds about sb 2. a chain of reactions 3. to range from. to 4 an encounter with a stranger 5. to(be)focus(ed)sth on 6. to read sb
3.drive everyone crazy (L. 24) make someone feel very angry or annoyed 逼得某人发疯，或受不了 eg. His lack of order drove his girlfriend crazy.他的不修边幅令他的女友受不了。 4.be at one’s best (L. 26) in one's best state or condition 处于最佳状态，在全盛时期 eg. This is an example of his work at its best.这代表了他最佳时期的作品。 I’m never at my best in the morning; therefore I can’t help falling asleep in class, especially when the teacher’s lecture is dull. 我早上的状态总是不好，因此总忍不住在课堂上睡觉，特别是当老师的课十分乏味时。 5.take …seriously (L. 51) treat a thing or person as important 认真地对待某人或某事 eg. Don't take him seriously-he's often joking. 别跟他认真-- 他常开玩笑。 Typical Patterns: 1. Typical patterns for starting a topic through evidence or questions 1) A large body of research (evidence / study / facts / experience / data) show(s) (proves / suggests / indicates)that… (从句--Topic) 大量的研究（证据/ 研究/事实/经验/数据）显示（证明/表明），…… Eg.The data given in the table show that dramatic changes have taken place in student use of computers during the past five years. 表中所给数据显示， 在过去五年中学生使用计算机的情况发生了很大的变化。 2. Typical patterns for argumentation through a list of examples 1) Sb. does one thing, does another thing, …(a list of examples). The secret / basic problem is that…（作者的观点） Eg. You can dream of becoming a civil engineering expert, a biologist and even a geophysicist. But the basic problem is what qualities you have to realize one after another of your dreams 你可以梦想当一名土木工程专家，当一名生物学家，甚至当一名地球物理学家。但根本 的问题是你有什么条件去圆一个又一个的梦。 1) Sb. / Sth. is the same (Sb. does sth.)whether …, … or …(a list of examples). 无论是……时，……时， 还是……时，某人／ 某物的表现是一样的（某人仍做某事）。 Eg. Their love for each other remained what it had always been whether their life was deep in difficulty, free from storms or full of lures. 无论他们的生活艰难时，风平浪静时， 还是充满诱惑时, 他们始终相爱如初。 3. Typical patterns for argumentation through “if” clause 1) Sb. will (not) do sth. if / as long as / provided … ,(说话者的情景设定) 只要/如果……某人就(不)会…… Eg. Sometimes, we will be able to fulfill ourselves if we just draw upon a little more self-confidence.有时，我们只要多一点点自信心，就能够充分发挥自己的能力。 Expressions & Patterns A：Expressions: 1. to make up our minds about sb. 2. a chain of reactions 3. to range from…to… 4 . an encounter with a stranger 5. to (be) focus(ed) sth. on 6. to read sb
7. to hold the interest of others 8. to form an impression about sb 9. to (be) base(d)sthon 10. to be committed to 11. to be absorbed in 12. to impress sb. with 13. to fix one's eyes on /upon 14. to drive everyone crazy 15. to be at one's best 16. to change from one situation to another 17. to match their words 18. three words into the sentence 19. to break eye contact 20. to be like going into a lions cage 21. to keep my eye on the lion to get to 23. to take . too seriously 24. to take a good hard look at yourself 1对某人的判断 to make up one's mind about sb. (L. 1) 现在决定自己的未来职业为时尚早。 It's still premature to make up your mind about your future career 2.一连串的反应 a chain of reactions(L. 3) 一个SARS病毒携带者没有被隔离会导致一连串人的受害。 The failure to isolate a single sars virus carrier would lead to a chain of victims 3.从 to range from.to.(L. 4) 商品房的市场价格每平方米从2000元到8000元不等 The market prices of commercial housing range from 2, 000 to 8,000 yuan per square meter 4.与陌生人的一次邂逅 an encounter with a stranger(L 6) 有时我们与新思潮的冲突并不表明我们的思想落伍了。 Sometimes our encounters with new current of thought don' t suggest that we are behind the times in thinking 5.把(精力/注意力)集中于 to(be)focus(ed)sth on(L 6) 现在公众的注意力全都集中在如何改善居住环境上 Public attention at the moment is focused on how to improve their living environments 6解读某人 to read sb. (L. 7) 我与她相识很久,能看出她的心思。 I have known her so long that i can read her mind 7吸引住他人的兴趣
7. to hold the interest of others 8. to form an impression about sb. 9. to (be) base(d) sth. on 10. to be committed to 11. to be absorbed in 12. to impress sb. with 13. to fix one’s eyes on / upon 14. to drive everyone crazy 15. to be at one’s best 16. to change from one situation to another 17. to match their words 18. three words into the sentence 19. to break eye contact 20. to be like going into a lion’s cage 21. to keep my eye on the lion 22. to get to me 23. to take … too seriously 24. to take a good hard look at yourself 1.对某人的判断 to make up one’s mind about sb. (L. 1) 现在决定自己的未来职业为时尚早。 It’s still premature to make up your mind about your future career. 2.一连串的反应 a chain of reactions (L. 3) 一个 SARS 病毒携带者没有被隔离会导致一连串人的受害。 The failure to isolate a single SARS virus carrier would lead to a chain of victims. 3.从……到…… to range from… to… (L. 4) 商品房的市场价格每平方米从 2000 元到 8000 元不等。 The market prices of commercial housing range from 2,000 to 8,000 yuan per square meter. 4. 与陌生人的一次邂逅 an encounter with a stranger (L. 6) 有时我们与新思潮的冲突并不表明我们的思想落伍了。 Sometimes our encounters with new current of thought don’t suggest that we are behind the times in thinking. 5. 把(精力/注意力)集中于 to (be) focus(ed) sth. on (L. 6) 现在公众的注意力全都集中在如何改善居住环境上。 Public attention at the moment is focused on how to improve their living environments. 6.解读某人 to read sb. (L. 7) 我与她相识很久，能看出她的心思。 I have known her so long that I can read her mind. 7.吸引住他人的兴趣
to hold the interest of others (L 16) 知道听众被自己完全吸引住是一桩极为兴奋的事 It's a great thrill, knowing that you are holding all the attention of the audience 8对某人形成一种印象 to form an impression about sb. (L. 16) 我有一种印象,她并不绝对诚实 I formed the impression that she was not completely honest 9以……为某事的基础 to(be) base(d) sth on(L. 17) 中国共产党坚持以最广大的人民群众的利益为其奋斗的根本,因此值得人民的拥护。 The Communist Party of China bases its struggle on the interests of the broadest masses therefore it deserves the support from them 0.致力于 to be committed to(L. 20) 马丁路德金博士把他的一生都奉献给了美国的民权运动。 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr committed all his life to the civil rights movement in the Us 11集中精神,专注于 to be absorbed in(L. 21) 他专心致志地玩流行电脑游戏—一反恐精英,连有人进屋都不知道。 He was so absorbed in the popular PC game, Counter Strike, that he didn t even notice that someone was entering the room 12以……给某人留下深刻印象 to impress sb. with(L. 22) 他们以对事业的无私奉献和对祖国的无限热爱给全国人民留下了深刻的印象 They impressed the whole nation with both their selfless devotion to their cause and their deep love for the motherland 13.目不转睛地注视…… to fix one's eyes on/upon..(L. 24) 她充满深情地凝视着他,希望他能读懂她对他的热恋 She fixed her eyes on him with deep feelings, wishing he could read her strong love for him 14.使所有的人都受不了 to drive everyone crazy(L. 24) 穷则思变,人之常情 It is common to human nature that poverty drives one to think about change 15.处于全盛时期,在最佳状态 to be at one's best(L. 26) 我早上的状态总是不好,因此总忍不住在课堂上睡觉,特别是当老师的课十分乏味时 I'm never at my best in the morning, therefore I cant help falling asleep in class, especially hen the teacher 's lecture is dull 16.随着情况的变化而改变 to change from one situation to another (L. 27) 那里的美景随着季节的变化而变化。 The beautiful scenery there changes from season to season 17(他们的音调和手势)与所说的话一致
to hold the interest of others (L. 16) 知道听众被自己完全吸引住是一桩极为兴奋的事。 It’s a great thrill, knowing that you are holding all the attention of the audience. 8.对某人形成一种印象 to form an impression about sb. (L. 16) 我有一种印象，她并不绝对诚实。 I formed the impression that she was not completely honest. 9.以……为某事的基础 to (be) base(d) sth. on (L. 17) 中国共产党坚持以最广大的人民群众的利益为其奋斗的根本，因此值得人民的拥护。 The Communist Party of China bases its struggle on the interests of the broadest masses; therefore, it deserves the support from them. 10.致力于…… to be committed to (L. 20) 马丁 路德 金博士把他的一生都奉献给了美国的民权运动。 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. committed all his life to the civil rights movement in the US. 11.集中精神，专注于…… to be absorbed in (L. 21) 他专心致志地玩流行电脑游戏——反恐精英，连有人进屋都不知道。 He was so absorbed in the popular PC game, Counter Strike， that he didn’t even notice that someone was entering the room. 12.以……给某人留下深刻印象 to impress sb. with (L. 22) 他们以对事业的无私奉献和对祖国的无限热爱给全国人民留下了深刻的印象。 They impressed the whole nation with both their selfless devotion to their cause and their deep love for the motherland. 13.目不转睛地注视…… to fix one’s eyes on/upon… (L. 24) 她充满深情地凝视着他，希望他能读懂她对他的热恋。 She fixed her eyes on him with deep feelings, wishing he could read her strong love for him. 14. 使所有的人都受不了 to drive everyone crazy (L. 24) 穷则思变，人之常情。 It is common to human nature that poverty drives one to think about changes. 15. 处于全盛时期，在最佳状态 to be at one’s best (L. 26) 我早上的状态总是不好，因此总忍不住在课堂上睡觉，特别是当老师的课十分乏味时。 I’m never at my best in the morning; therefore I can’t help falling asleep in class, especially when the teacher’s lecture is dull. 16. 随着情况的变化而改变 to change from one situation to another (L. 27) 那里的美景随着季节的变化而变化。 The beautiful scenery there changes from season to season. 17.(他们的音调和手势)与所说的话一致
(the tones of their voices and their gestures)to match their words(L. 29) 一般说来,人们倾向于和言行一致的人交朋友。 In general, people tend to make friends with those whose deeds match their words 18.一句话刚说了几个字 three words into the sentence,(独立主格)(L.38) 他充满信心地开始做那项工作,可刚几天,他就退却了,说那是世界上最难的工作 He started the job full of confidence, but three days into it, he quitted, saying that it was the most difficult one in the world 19.中断目光接触 to break eye contact(L. 38) 到了采取有效措施来打破僵局( deadlock)的时候了。 It is time to take effective steps to break the deadlock 20.就像走进了一个狮子笼 (doing sth )to be like going into a lion's cage(L. 41) 学习英语好比盖高楼大厦。我们首先要打下坚实的基础。 Learning English is like building a high-rise structure. We have to lay solid foundations in the f irst plac 21.注视着那头狮子 to keep my eye on the lion(L. 42) 如果每个人都盯着自己的利益,这个社会将失去温馨与友谊 This society would go without warmth and friendship if everyone kept his eye on his own 22.走到我身边 to get to me (L. 45) 医生给做了几项检查以便弄清病人发热的究竟 The doctor made several tests to get to the bottom of the patients fever 23对……过于认真 to take .. too seriously(L. 51) 要想给别人留下好印象,我们对任何事情既不能过于认真,也不能过于漫不经心 To make a good impression on others, we should not take everything too seriously, nor should we take them too casually 24仔细地观察一下你自己 to take a good hard look at yourself (L 53) 经常回顾昨天,你会珍惜今天,并向往明天。 Take a frequent and backward look at your yesterday and you will value your today and look forward to your tomorrow B Patterns for you to use as models 1. Typical patterns for starting a topic through evidence or questions 1)原句 Research shows we make up our minds about people through unspoken communication within seven seconds of meeting them. (L. 1) 句型提炼 A large body of research(evidence /study /facts/experience/datashow(s)(proves /suggests indicates)that…(从句- Topic)大量的研究(证据/研究/事实/经验/数据)显示(证明/表
(the tones of their voices and their gestures) to match their words (L. 29) 一般说来，人们倾向于和言行一致的人交朋友。 In general, people tend to make friends with those whose deeds match their words. 18.一句话刚说了几个字…… three words into the sentence, (独立主格)… (L. 38) 他充满信心地开始做那项工作，可刚几天，他就退却了，说那是世界上最难的工作。 He started the job full of confidence, but three days into it, he quitted, saying that it was the most difficult one in the world. 19.中断目光接触 to break eye contact (L. 38) 到了采取有效措施来打破僵局(deadlock)的时候了。 It is time to take effective steps to break the deadlock. 20. 就像走进了一个狮子笼 (doing sth.) to be like going into a lion’s cage (L. 41) 学习英语好比盖高楼大厦。我们首先要打下坚实的基础。 Learning English is like building a high-rise structure. We have to lay solid foundations in the f irst place. 21.注视着那头狮子 to keep my eye on the lion (L. 42) 如果每个人都盯着自己的利益， 这个社会将失去温馨与友谊。 This society would go without warmth and friendship if everyone kept his eye on his own interest. 22. 走到我身边 to get to me (L. 45) 医生给做了几项检查以便弄清病人发热的究竟。 The doctor made several tests to get to the bottom of the patient’s fever. 23.对……过于认真 to take … too seriously (L. 51) 要想给别人留下好印象，我们对任何事情既不能过于认真，也不能过于漫不经心。 To make a good impression on others, we should not take everything too seriously, nor should we take them too casually. 24.仔细地观察一下你自己 to take a good hard look at yourself (L. 53) 经常回顾昨天，你会珍惜今天，并向往明天。 Take a frequent and backward look at your yesterday and you will value your today and look forward to your tomorrow. B. Patterns for you to use as models 1. Typical patterns for starting a topic through evidence or questions 1)原句: Research shows we make up our minds about people through unspoken communication within seven seconds of meeting them. (L. 1) 句型提炼 A large body of research (evidence / study / facts / experience / data) show(s) (proves / suggests / indicates)that…(从句--Topic) 大量的研究（证据/ 研究/事实/经验/数据）显示（证明/表
明 应用:a大量证据证明,破裂家庭的子女出现情感、行为障碍或触犯法律的可能性是完 整家庭子女的2~3倍。 A large body of evidence proves that children from broken families are two or three times as ikely as those in intact families to have emotional or behavioral problems or get into trouble with the law 应用:b.表中所给数据显示,在过去五年中学生使用计算机的情况发生了很大的变化 The data given in the table show that dramatic changes have taken place in student use of computers during the past five 2)原句 Take a good hard look at yourself. Do you say" I"too often? Are you usually focused on your own problems? Do you complain frequently?(L53) 句型提炼 Do sth. Question1,2,3.做某事(设定情景)围绕此情景设间(引出话题) 应用a.想一想毕业后的职业追求。哪种职业可以充分发挥你的专业技能?哪种职业可帮 助你实现你的人生价值?哪种职业可确保你名利双收?这些是所有在校大学生将要面临 的问题。 Set your mind on the pursuit of careers upon graduation. Which career will give full play to your professional skills? Which career will help realize your life value? Which career will ensure both fame and wealth for you? These are the questions all the undergraduates will have to be faced with 应用b.设身处地地为学生想一想。他们对什么最感兴趣?什么样的教学法使他们越学越 想学?未来成功所需的知识结构是什么?你一旦弄明白了这些问题,你就会去寻求教师成 功的秘诀 Put yourself in the students' shoes. What are they most interested in? What kind of teaching method can turn them on? What is the structure of knowledge necessary to success in the future? Once you achieve a good understanding of these, you will seek after the secrets to success in teaching 2. Typical patterns for argumentation through a list of examples 原句 effectively. The secret has al ways been you are the message. (,. questions, c I've helped them make persuative presentations, answer unfriendly questions, communicate more 句型提炼 1)Sb. does one thing, does another thing, (a list of examples). The secret/ basic problem is that..(作者的观点) 应用:a你可以梦想当一名土木工程专家,当一名生物学家,甚至当一名地球物理学家 但根本的问题是你有什么条件去圆一个又一个的梦。 You can dream of becoming a civil engineering expert, a biologist and even a geophysicist. But the basic problem is what qualities you have to realize one after another of your dreams 应用:b.清官吃苦在前,任人唯贤,主持公道。所有这一切的秘诀就是他视人民的利益高 于一切 The honest official is the first to bear hardships, appoints people on their merits, and upholds justice. The secret to all of this is that he al ways sees the people s interests as above everything else
明），…… 应用： a. 大量证据证明，破裂家庭的子女出现情感、行为障碍或触犯法律的可能性是完 整家庭子女的 2～3 倍。 A large body of evidence proves that children from broken families are two or three times as likely as those in intact families to have emotional or behavioral problems or get into trouble with the law. 应用： b. 表中所给数据显示， 在过去五年中学生使用计算机的情况发生了很大的变化。 The data given in the table show that dramatic changes have taken place in student use of computers during the past five years. 2) 原句: Take a good hard look at yourself. Do you say “I” too often? Are you usually focused on your own problems? Do you complain frequently? (L.53) 句型提炼 Do sth. Question 1, 2, 3…做某事（设定情景） 围绕此情景设问（引出话题） 应用:a. 想一想毕业后的职业追求。哪种职业可以充分发挥你的专业技能？哪种职业可帮 助你实现你的人生价值？哪种职业可确保你名利双收？这些是所有在校大学生将要面临 的问题。 Set your mind on the pursuit of careers upon graduation. Which career will give full play to your professional skills? Which career will help realize your life value? Which career will ensure both fame and wealth for you? These are the questions all the undergraduates will have to be faced with. 应用:b. 设身处地地为学生想一想。他们对什么最感兴趣？什么样的教学法使他们越学越 想学？未来成功所需的知识结构是什么？你一旦弄明白了这些问题，你就会去寻求教师成 功的秘诀。 Put yourself in the students’ shoes. What are they most interested in? What kind of teaching method can turn them on? What is the structure of knowledge necessary to success in the future? Once you achieve a good understanding of these, you will seek after the secrets to suc cess in teaching. 2. Typical patterns for argumentation through a list of examples 原句: I’ve helped them make persuative presertations,answer unfriendly questions,communicate more effectively. The secret has always been you are the message. (L. 10) 句型提炼 1) Sb. does one thing, does another thing, …(a list of examples). The secret / basic problem is that…（作者的观点） 应用：a. 你可以梦想当一名土木工程专家，当一名生物学家，甚至当一名地球物理学家。 但根本的问题是你有什么条件去圆一个又一个的梦。 You can dream of becoming a civil engineering expert, a biologist and even a geophysicist. But the basic problem is what qualities you have to realize one after another of your dreams. 应用：b. 清官吃苦在前, 任人唯贤,主持公道。所有这一切的秘诀就是他视人民的利益高 于一切。 The honest official is the first to bear hardships，appoints people on their merits, and upholds justice. The secret to all of this is that he always sees the people’s interests as above everything else
原句 They are the same whether they're having a conversation, addressing their garden club or being interviewed for a job.. ( L. 27) 句型提炼 2)Sb/ Sth. is the same(Sb. does sth) whether…,…or…( a list of examples).无论是… 时,……时,还是……时,某人/某物的表现是一样的(某人仍做某事)。 应用a无论他们的生活艰难时,风平浪静时,还是充满诱惑时,他们始终相爱如初 Their love for each other remained what it had always been whether their life was deep in difficulty, free from storms or full of lures 应用b.无论是在战争年代,还是在和平时期,我们党始终以“为人民服务”为宗旨。 Whether it was in wartime or in peacetime, our Party al ways aimed at serving the people 应用:c.不论他身体是否舒适,不论天气是好是坏,也不论其他人是否能按时到办公室上 班,我的父亲总是很守时 My father is always punctual whether he is sick or not, the weather is nasty or not, or the others can make it to the office on time or not 原句 Whether you're talking to one person or one hundred, al ways remember to look at them 句型提炼 3) Whether…,"or…, always remember to do sth.不管…,……,还是…,始终记 住要 应用a不管给上级汇报工作,还是给下级布置任务,始终记住你要给人留下不卑不亢的印 Whether you report to your superiors on your work or assign tasks to your subordinates, al ways remember to give both the impression that you are modest but confident 应用b不管在事情进展得顺利时,还是在事情进展得不顺利时,始终记住你要保持清醒的 头脑,避免盲目乐观或过分悲观。 Whether things go right or wrong, al ways remember to keep cool, avoiding blind optimism or 3. Typical patterns for argumentation through"if"clause 1)GJ: Others will want to be with you and help you if you use your good qualities. (L 12) 句型提炼 Sb.wil(not) do sth. if/ as long as/ provided…(说话者的情景设定)只要如果…某 人就(不)会 应用:a.有时,我们只要多一点点自信心,就能够充分发挥自己的能力。 Sometimes, we will be able to fulfill ourselves if we just draw upon a little more self-confidence 应用:b如果你不努力学习的话,你就不会有什么出息 If you don t work hard at school, you will hardly get anywhere 应用:c如果一个教师心里装着学生,她/他就会不断地改进教学以满足他们的求知欲 If a teacher has her/his students in mind, s/he will keep on improving her /his teaching in order to satisfy their hunger for knowledge 2)原句 If you answered yes to even one of these questions, you need to lighten up. ( L. 54)
原句: They are the same whether they’re having a conversation, addressing their garden club or being interviewed for a job.. (L.27) 句型提炼 2) Sb. / Sth. is the same (Sb. does sth.)whether …, … or …(a list of examples). 无论是…… 时，……时， 还是……时，某人／ 某物的表现是一样的（某人仍做某事）。 应用:a.无论他们的生活艰难时，风平浪静时， 还是充满诱惑时, 他们始终相爱如初。 Their love for each other remained what it had always been whether their life was deep in difficulty, free from storms or full of lures. 应用:b.无论是在战争年代，还是在和平时期，我们党始终以“为人民服务”为宗旨。 Whether it was in wartime or in peacetime, our Party always aimed at serving the people. 应用：c. 不论他身体是否舒适，不论天气是好是坏，也不论其他人是否能按时到办公室上 班，我的父亲总是很守时。 My father is always punctual whether he is sick or not, the weather is nasty or not, or the others can make it to the office on time or not. 原句: Whether you’re talking to one person or one hundred, always remember to look at them. (L. 36) 句型提炼 3) Whether …, … or …, always remember to do sth. 不管……, ……, 还是……, 始终记 住要…… 应用:a.不管给上级汇报工作，还是给下级布置任务，始终记住你要给人留下不卑不亢的印 象。 Whether you report to your superiors on your work or assign tasks to your subordinates, always remember to give both the impression that you are modest but confident. 应用:b.不管在事情进展得顺利时，还是在事情进展得不顺利时，始终记住你要保持清醒的 头脑，避免盲目乐观或过分悲观。 Whether things go right or wrong, always remember to keep cool, avoiding blind optimism or undue pessimism. 3. Typical patterns for argumentation through “if” clause 1)原句:Others will want to be with you and help you if you use your good qualities. (L.12) 句型提炼 Sb. will (not) do sth. if / as long as / provided … (说话者的情景设定) 只要/如果……某 人就(不)会…… 应用：a. 有时，我们只要多一点点自信心，就能够充分发挥自己的能力。 Sometimes, we will be able to fulfill ourselves if we just draw upon a little more self-confidence. 应用: b.如果你不努力学习的话，你就不会有什么出息。 If you don’t work hard at school, you will hardly get anywhere. 应用: c.如果一个教师心里装着学生, 她/他就会不断地改进教学以满足他们的求知欲。 If a teacher has her/his students in mind, s/he will keep on improving her / his teaching in order to satisfy their hunger for knowledge. 2）原句: If you answered yes to even one of these questions, you need to lighten up. (L.54)
句型提炼 If/Even if (though)sb. did(even)sth, he/she needs(doesn't need)to do sth else. 81a /即使某人做了某事,他/她也需要(也不必做另一事。(提出建议) 应用:a.哪怕你只有一门考试过关,你也大可不必灰心丧气。 Even if you passed only one of the exams, you don' t need to lose heart 应用:b.即使你的童年受了许多苦,你也不必溺爱你的后代 Even if you suffered a lot in your childhood, you dont need to spoil your offspring 3)a]: If I did agree, I certainly wouldn't look at my feet or at the ceiling I'd keep my eye on the lion. (L. 41) 句型提炼 If I did do sth, I certainly wouldnt do sth (like that). I would do it( the other way around). 就算我做某事,我肯定不会…我会…(现身说法) 应用:a.就算我追求爱情,我肯定不会只顾沉浸在爱河里而荒废学业。我会将爱情融入我 的学习之中。 If I did hunt for love I certainly wouldn't bathe myself in the river of love all the time, neglecting my studies. I'd integrate my love into my studies 应用:b.就算我在工作中取得了一些成绩,我也肯定不会沾沾自喜。我会把它视为继续进 取的推动力 f I did make some progress in work, I certainly wouldn' t pride myself on it. I'd regard it as a pushing force behind my further struggle Ⅴ L. Writing Paragraph Writing 写作模式 Topic Sentence 1)The importance of sth is now drawing more of our concern than ever before 2) To begin with, it has a strong hold on 3).(进一步阐述) 4)Besides, it serves as a litmus test for 5).(进一步阐述) 6)And most of all, it has the power to determine whether or not 7).(进一步阐述) 8)In short, where there is a better employment of sth. there will be more hope of. 划线部分可替换) The Importance of Sth. to Sb /Sth. Else The Benefits of Environmental Protection to us The Harmfulness of video games to us
句型提炼 If / Even if (though) sb. did (even) sth., he / she needs (doesn’t need) to do sth. else. 哪怕 ／即使某人做了某事，他／她也需要(也不必)做另一事。（提出建议） 应用：a. 哪怕你只有一门考试过关，你也大可不必灰心丧气。 Even if you passed only one of the exams, you don’t need to lose heart. 应用：b. 即使你的童年受了许多苦, 你也不必溺爱你的后代。 Even if you suffered a lot in your childhood, you don’t need to spoil your offspring. 3）原句: If I did agree, I certainly wouldn’t look at my feet or at the ceiling. I’d keep my eye on the lion. (L.41) 句型提炼 If I did do sth, I certainly wouldn’t do sth. (like that). I would do it (the other way around). 就算我做某事，我肯定不会…... 我会……(现身说法) 应用：a. 就算我追求爱情，我肯定不会只顾沉浸在爱河里而荒废学业。我会将爱情融入我 的学习之中。 If I did hunt for love, I certainly wouldn’t bathe myself in the river of love all the time, neglecting my studies. I’d integrate my love into my studies. 应用：b. 就算我在工作中取得了一些成绩，我也肯定不会沾沾自喜。我会把它视为继续进 取的推动力。 If I did make some progress in work, I certainly wouldn’t pride myself on it. I’d regard it as a pushing force behind my further struggle. VI. Writing Paragraph Writing 写作模式: Topic Sentence 1) The importance of sth. is now drawing more of our concern than ever before. Analysis1 2) To begin with, it has a strong hold on … 3)…(进一步阐述) Analysis2 4) Besides, it serves as a litmus test for… 5)…(进一步阐述) Analysis3 6) And most of all, it has the power to determine whether or not… 7)…(进一步阐述) Conclusion 8) In short, where there is a better employment of sth., there will be more hope of… （划线部分可替换） The Importance of Sth. to Sb. / Sth. Else The Importance of Health to Us The Benefits of Environmental Protection to Us The Harmfulness of Video Games to Us
