Unit 4 Section A . Background Knowledge 1. Host family Host family is the family that provides board and room, food, etc. for overseas visitors or 2. Christians Christians are followers of Jesus with whom they have a personal relationship and whom they accept/receive into their lives as God's son and the way to heaven. They believe that there is one God. Most Christians are members of one of three major groups -- Roman Catholic, Protestant, or Eastern Orthodox. Christianity has had an enormous influence on Western civilization, especially on art, business, government, and social relations 3. Income tax is one of the taxations on individuals and companies. In many countries or regions such as the US and Western Europe income tax is one of the major financial resources of the 4. Health insurance is a system for the advance financing of medical expenses by means of fees or taxes paid into a common fund to pay for all or part of health services specified in an insurance policy or law. Health insurance may apply to a limited or broad range of medical services and may provide for full or partial costs of specific services. Benefits may consist of the right to certain medical services or repaying the insured for specified medical costs and may sometimes include income benefits for working time lost owing to sickness or maternity leave Ⅱ. Text analysis .Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It What is the text mainly about? Every year a great number of teenagers leave home to study in America. They go there for a variety of purposes, including increasing their command of English, finishing high school or understanding American ways of life. But no matter what purposes they have in mind, they can hardly avoid encountering such problems as different customs, new life style, homesick, etc which may become a torture to them. Therefore, studying overseas is completely a cultural How is the text organized? The passage consists of three parts: the first part introduces the topic -studying abroad; the second part explains why people study abroad; the third analyses the problems and challenges ople may encounter in the new land. The passage is a typical example of exposition developed by narration. The first part narrates the flight to Los Angeles, thus leading the read to the topic Through relating the life experiences of those overseas students, the general ideas of part two and three become vivid and convincing Many people study in America every year Paras. 3-4) People study abroad for a variety of reasons (Paras. 5-12)
Unit 4 Section A I.Background Knowledge 1. Host family Host family is the family that provides ‘board and room’, food, etc. for overseas visitors or students. 2．Christians Christians are followers of Jesus with whom they have a personal relationship and whom they accept/receive into their lives as God’s son and the way to heaven. They believe that there is one God. Most Christians are members of one of three major groups --- Roman Catholic, Protestant, or Eastern Orthodox. Christianity has had an enormous influence on Western civilization, especially on art, business, government, and social relations. 3. Income tax is one of the taxations on individuals and companies. In many countries or regions such as the US and Western Europe income tax is one of the major financial resources of the government. 4. Health insurance is a system for the advance financing of medical expenses by means of fees or taxes paid into a common fund to pay for all or part of health services specified in an insurance policy or law. Health insurance may apply to a limited or broad range of medical services and may provide for full or partial costs of specific services. Benefits may consist of the right to certain medical services or repaying the insured for specified medical costs and may sometimes include income benefits for working time lost owing to sickness or maternity leave. II. Text Analysis .Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It What is the text mainly about? Every year a great number of teenagers leave home to study in America. They go there for a variety of purposes, including increasing their command of English, finishing high school or understanding American ways of life. But no matter what purposes they have in mind, they can hardly avoid encountering such problems as different customs, new life style, homesick, etc., which may become a torture to them. Therefore, studying overseas is completely a cultural shock. How is the text organized? The passage consists of three parts: the first part introduces the topic – studying abroad; the second part explains why people study abroad; the third analyses the problems and challenges people may encounter in the new land. The passage is a typical example of exposition developed by narration. The first part narrates the flight to Los Angeles, thus leading the reader to the topic.Through relating the life experiences of those overseas students, the general ideas of part two and three become vivid and convincing. (Paras. 1-2) Many people study in America every year. (Paras. 3-4) People study abroad for a variety of reasons. (Paras. 5-12)
People encounter many problems in America Structure Analysis: Part I(Para. 1-2): Every year a great number of people leave home to study in America, which indicates the start of a new experience Devices for developing it Narration(叙述法) The author gives a Tine account of the flight to Los Angeles, but the genuine purpose of this narration is just to introduce the topic of this passage Para. 1: the routine information on the flight, including the flight number and departure time Para. 2: It looks like a routine flight but for the Brazilian students on board. it is the start of their dreams in america Part Il (Paras. 3-4) People from different countries go to study in America for some reasons:to become fluent in English, complete high school and understand American way of life Devices for developing it Quotation(引言法) Direct quotations are adopted here to make the exposition more vivid and convincing Specific aspects(Para. 4) For me, " says Gloria Marcato, "it is more important to learn to speak English and to live through this experience than it is to receive certificate from the American government 2. "I want to be a conductor, and Ive already chosen the best American music school, specifies Sandro rodrigo de barros Part Ill(Para. 8): When in America, the foreign students inevitably encounter many problems, ranging from finding a host family to having little command of English Devices for developing it General- specific(总分法) The general statement Things are not always so easy. Foreign students meet with many problems in the new Specific illustrations: They have to adapt themselves to the new customs. Para. 9) 6. They feel sick about being away from home. ( Para. 10) 7. They are expected to accept American concept of time. Para. 11) 8. They have to improve their English.(Para. 12) Typical Paragraph of a General Statement Supported by Reasons(Para. 9) General statement: Another moment of tension descends while students await the domestic flight that will take them to their temporary home in America. The reasons: From then on it's everyone for himself. No one really knows how she/ he will adapt to such new customs. Though most foreign students remain in California, some are sent to Texas, arizona, Idaho, Oklahoma or virginia. III. Language Points Expressions Patterns A: Expressions Y at first glance ☆ to be host to sb ☆ to live through ◆ to plan on doing sth
People encounter many problems in America. Structure Analysis: PartⅠ(Para.1-2):Every year a great number of people leave home to study in America, which indicates the start of a new experience. Devices for developing it ? Narration (叙述法) The author gives a routine account of the flight to Los Angeles, but the genuine purpose of this narration is just to introduce the topic of this passage: Para. 1: the routine information on the flight, including the flight number and departure time. Para. 2: It looks like a routine flight but for the Brazilian students on board, it is the start of their dreams in America . Part II (Paras. 3-4) People from different countries go to study in America for some reasons: to become fluent in English, complete high school and understand American way of life. Devices for developing it ? Quotation (引言法) Direct quotations are adopted here to make the exposition more vivid and convincing. Specific aspects (Para. 4) : 1. “For me,” says Gloria Marcato, “it is more important to learn to speak English and to live through this experience than it is to receive certificate from the American government.” 2. “I want to be a conductor , and I’ve already chosen the best American music school,”specifies Sandro Rodrigo de Barros. Part III (Para. 8): When in America, the foreign students inevitably encounter many problems, ranging from finding a host family to having little command of English. Devices for developing it ? General-specific (总分法) The general statement: Things are not always so easy. Foreign students meet with many problems in the new country. Specific illustrations: 5. They have to adapt themselves to the new customs. (Para. 9) 6. They feel sick about being away from home. (Para. 10) 7. They are expected to accept American concept of time. (Para. 11) 8. They have to improve their English. (Para. 12) Typical Paragraph of a General Statement Supported by Reasons (Para. 9) General statement: Another moment of tension descends while students await the domestic flight that will take them to their temporary home in America. The reasons: From then on it’s everyone for himself. No one really knows how she/ he will adapt to such new customs. Though most foreign students remain in California, some are sent to Texas, Arizona, Idaho, Oklahoma or Virginia. III. Language Points Expressions & Patterns A：Expressions: at first glance to be host to sb. to live through to plan on doing sth
☆ to economize on ◆ to hit the target t to have a special place in one's heart for sth s to cover the expense for sth ☆ in the event of ☆ to take on the task ☆ lack of sth ◆ to one s capacit to support the idea of doing sth y to leave sb /sth. behind ◆ to adapt oneself to sth y with little command of ☆ In turn ☆ to push ☆ to estimate sth.at 1.乍一看,最初看到时 at first glance(L2) 乍一看,你会觉得他是疯了。可当你站在那儿观看一会儿,一股敬畏之情就会油然而生。 At first glance, you may believe he goes mad. But if you stand there watching him for a while,a feeling of awe will arise from the bottom of your heart 2.作为主人 to be host to(L.5) 2008年中国北京将以崭新的面孔迎接来自世界各地的宾客。 In the year of 2008, Beijing, with a fresh look, will be host to the friends and guests from every part of the world 3.经历,经受住 to live through(L.12 这位身经百战的老英雄深受大家的尊敬 The senior hero who has lived through hundreds of battles is held in the greatest respect 4.为·做准备 to plan on doing sth.(L.17) 随着七天长假的临近,许多人正在准备外出旅游,放松自己。 With the seven-day holiday at hand, many people are planning on tours to the natural scenic spots for relaxati 5.取决于,视……而定 to depend on(23) 互联网就像一把双刃剑。它对我们有益还是有害在很大程度上取决于我们如何开发利用 它 The Internet is just like a double-edged sword. Whether it does good or harm to us depends, to a great extent, on how we exploit it 6.节约,珍惜 to economize on sth.(L.2 今天面临的水危机给我们敲响了警钟:我们必须节约每一滴水,因为水资源不是取之不尽, 用之不竭的 The water crisis facing us today sounds the alarm for us that we must economize on every drop of water. for the water resources are not inexhaustible 7.达到目的,中肯 to hit the target(L26) 人生的旅程就像是爬天梯。只有那些意志坚强,勇于付出的人才能最终登上顶点 The journey of life is just like climbing the sky ladder. Only those who have strong willpower and great dedication can hit the final target 8.占有特殊的地位 to have a special place in one' s heart for sth.(L.27)
to depend on to economize on to hit the target to have a special place in one’s heart for sth. to cover the expense for sth. in the event of to take on the task lack of sth. to one’s capacity to support the idea of doing sth. to leave sb./sth. behind to adapt oneself to sth. with little command of in turn to push up to estimate sth. at 1. 乍一看，最初看到时 at first glance (L. 2) 乍一看，你会觉得他是疯了。可当你站在那儿观看一会儿，一股敬畏之情就会油然而生。 At first glance, you may believe he goes mad. But if you stand there watching him for a while, a feeling of awe will arise from the bottom of your heart. 2. 作为主人 to be host to (L. 5) 2008 年,中国北京将以崭新的面孔迎接来自世界各地的宾客。 In the year of 2008, Beijing, with a fresh look, will be host to the friends and guests from every part of the world. 3. 经历，经受住 to live through (L. 12) 这位身经百战的老英雄深受大家的尊敬。 The senior hero who has lived through hundreds of battles is held in the greatest respect. 4. 为······做准备 to plan on doing sth. (L. 17) 随着七天长假的临近，许多人正在准备外出旅游，放松自己。 With the seven-day holiday at hand, many people are planning on tours to the natural scenic spots for relaxation. 5. 取决于，视······而定 to depend on (L. 23) 互联网就像一把双刃剑。它对我们有益还是有害在很大程度上取决于我们如何开发利用 它。 The Internet is just like a double-edged sword. Whether it does good or harm to us depends, to a great extent, on how we exploit it. 6. 节约，珍惜 to economize on sth. (L. 25) 今天面临的水危机给我们敲响了警钟：我们必须节约每一滴水，因为水资源不是取之不尽， 用之不竭的。 The water crisis facing us today sounds the alarm for us that we must economize on every drop of water, for the water resources are not inexhaustible. 7. 达到目的，中肯 to hit the target (L. 26) 人生的旅程就像是爬天梯。只有那些意志坚强，勇于付出的人才能最终登上顶点。 The journey of life is just like climbing the sky ladder. Only those who have strong willpower and great dedication can hit the final target. 8. 占有特殊的地位 to have a special place in one’s heart for sth. (L. 27)
尽管世界文化趋于全球化,但越来越多的西方人对中国的传统文化情有独衷。 For all the globalization of world cultures, an increasing number of westerners have a special place in their hearts for our traditional Chinese culture 9为 花钱,支付……·费用 to cover the expense for sth.(L.30) 为了支付学业和日常生活方面的费用,减轻家庭的经济负担,很多大学生只好勤工俭学。 To cover the expense for their study and daily life and to lessen the financial burden on their families, a lot of college students resort to taking part-time jobs 10.万一,如果·发生 in the event of(L32) 由于怕万一老板给他们穿小鞋甚至整他们,一些人对公司的业务从不发表不同见解。 In the event of the boss putting them to trouble or even punishing them, some people never express different views on the firms busines 11.承担任务 to take on the task(L37) 随着职务的升迁,她对公司的未来承担起了更大的责任 With promotion, she has taken on greater responsibilities for the companys futu 12.缺乏,缺少 lack of(L38) 很多婚姻走向失败的根源在于缺乏真诚的交流和相互的信任 The failure of many marriages has its roots in the lack of sincere communication and mutual 13.最大限度地;最大容量地to( one's)capacity(L39) 只要每个中国人都全力投入到中国的经济建设中中华民族的腾飞就指日可待。 As long as every Chinese works to his capacity in the construction of Chinas economy, the rise of Chinese nation is just round the corner 14.支持,赞同 to support the idea of(L43) 不愿意看到孩子们在巨大的压力下成长,大多数家长都赞成给孩子减负,使他们重返快乐 的童年 Unwilling to see the children grow under great pressure, the majority of parents support the idea of lightening the burden on them and returning them to their cheerful childhood 15.留下,使…落后 to leave sb/th. behind(L43) 在速度竞赛中,即使瞬间的犹豫都会使你落后于他人。在人生的道路上也同样如此。 In the course of speed race, even a moment of hesitation will leave you behind others. The same s true for you in the course of life 16.适应 to adapt oneself to sth.(L.48) 身处异地时,明智之举是入乡随俗。 When you live in an alien land, it is wise of you to adapt yourself to the local customs where ou are 17.对·几乎一无所知 with little command of(L.58) 如果对法律一窍不通,就很难在一个法制社会里保护自己的合法权益 With little command of the law, you can hardly protect the lawful rights of your own in a ety with an adequate legal system 18.轮换,依次 in turn(L12) 中国税收政策的精神实质在于:取之于民,用之于民。 The essence of China's tax policy lies in the fact that the taxes are taken from the people and in turn used for the good of the people 19.增加,提高 to push up(L.59)
尽管世界文化趋于全球化，但越来越多的西方人对中国的传统文化情有独衷。 For all the globalization of world cultures, an increasing number of westerners have a special place in their hearts for our traditional Chinese culture. 9. 为······花钱，支付······费用 to cover the expense for sth. (L. 30) 为了支付学业和日常生活方面的费用，减轻家庭的经济负担，很多大学生只好勤工俭学。 To cover the expense for their study and daily life and to lessen the financial burden on their families, a lot of college students resort to taking part-time jobs. 10. 万一，如果······发生 in the event of (L. 32) 由于怕万一老板给他们穿小鞋甚至整他们，一些人对公司的业务从不发表不同见解。 In the event of the boss putting them to trouble or even punishing them, some people never express different views on the firm’s business. 11. 承担任务 to take on the task (L. 37) 随着职务的升迁，她对公司的未来承担起了更大的责任。 With promotion, she has taken on greater responsibilities for the company’s future. 12. 缺乏，缺少 lack of (L. 38) 很多婚姻走向失败的根源在于缺乏真诚的交流和相互的信任。 The failure of many marriages has its roots in the lack of sincere communication and mutual trust. 13. 最大限度地; 最大容量地 to (one’s) capacity (L. 39) 只要每个中国人都全力投入到中国的经济建设中,中华民族的腾飞就指日可待。 As long as every Chinese works to his capacity in the construction of China’s economy, the rise of Chinese nation is just round the corner. 14. 支持，赞同 to support the idea of (L. 43) 不愿意看到孩子们在巨大的压力下成长，大多数家长都赞成给孩子减负，使他们重返快乐 的童年。 Unwilling to see the children grow under great pressure, the majority of parents support the idea of lightening the burden on them and returning them to their cheerful childhood. 15. 留下，使······落后 to leave sb./sth. behind (L. 43) 在速度竞赛中，即使瞬间的犹豫都会使你落后于他人。在人生的道路上也同样如此。 In the course of speed race, even a moment of hesitation will leave you behind others. The same is true for you in the course of life. 16. 适应 to adapt oneself to sth. (L. 48) 身处异地时，明智之举是入乡随俗。 When you live in an alien land, it is wise of you to adapt yourself to the local customs where you are. 17. 对······几乎一无所知 with little command of (L. 58) 如果对法律一窍不通, 就很难在一个法制社会里保护自己的合法权益。 With little command of the law, you can hardly protect the lawful rights of your own in a society with an adequate legal system. 18. 轮换，依次 in turn (L. 12) 中国税收政策的精神实质在于：取之于民，用之于民。 The essence of China’s tax policy lies in the fact that the taxes are taken from the people and in turn used for the good of the people. 19. 增加，提高 to push up (L. 59)
那些蓄意哄抬物价,大发国难之财的不法之徒必将受到严惩 Those are bound to suffer a severe punishment who push up the prices purposely to reap a lot from the national crisi 估计 为to sth at/to be(L 59) 中国经济年增长率约为8%‰。这个数字令许多发达国家也刮目相看 The annual growth rate of Chinas economy is estimated at about 8%, a figure which makes many developed countries sit up and take notice. B Patterns for you to use as models Typical Patterns 1. Typical patterns for revealing different ways of seeing sth 2. Typical patterns for revealing contrasts in sb 3. Typical pa or emphasizing difficulty in doing sth Typical patterns for revealing different ways of seeing sth. 1.RRG]: At first glance, this is just another routine flight to Yet for 38 young passengers between fifteen and eighteen years of age, it is the start of a new experience: ".(L. 2) 乍一看,这不过又是一架飞往 的普通航班。然而对于飞机上的38个年龄在15 到18岁的年轻乘客来说,这是一次全新经历的开始:∴ 句型提炼 At first glance, sth /sb. is just.. or sb. just feels.. Yet for sb. else, sth /sb. is 乍一看,某事/某人只不过是……·然而对其他人来说某事/某人是 应用:a乍一看她只不过是一位普通的妇女。然而对于这个曾经无家可归的孩子来说她 是一位无私的伟大的母亲她把自己所有的爱和精力都倾注到他的成长中 At first glance, she is just an ordinary woman. Yet for this child who used to be homeless, she is a great unselfish mother: she devotes all her love and energy to his growth 应用:b.乍一看,你也许觉得这个村子没有什么特别之处。然而对于那些海外游子来说 这是他们魂牵梦绕的地方:故乡的景物记载着他们儿时的梦想。 At first glance, you may feel nothing special about this village. But for those overseas Chinese, it is the land to which they bear ever-growing attachments day and night: the scenes of their hometown bear record to their childhood dreams 2 RG: For the majority, the decision to study abroad is taken only after a period of at least six months of careful planning.“ For me,”says…,“it' s more important to… than it is to…” (L.10) 对大多数学生来说,至少要经过6个月的精心筹划才能作出到国外学习的决定。“对我 来说,”17岁的格洛里亚·马卡托说:“学会讲英语及体验这种经历比从美国政府那里拿 到一张证书更为重要。” 句型提炼 2. For sb, sth /doing sth. is/means. Yet for sb. else, it is more important to do sth else than it is to do sth 对某人而言,某事/做某事是/意味着 然而对于另一人,做其它事比做某事更重 要 应用:a.对于多数大学生来说,大学生活意味着获取专业知识与技能。而对少数大学生 而言,寻求刺激和快乐比寻求知识更重要。 For the majority of students, the college life means acquiring special knowledge and skills Yet for the minority, it is more important to seek stimulants and pleasures than it is to seel
那些蓄意哄抬物价,大发国难之财的不法之徒必将受到严惩。 Those are bound to suffer a severe punishment who push up the prices purposely to reap a lot from the national crisis. 20. 估计······为 to estimate sth. at / to be. (L. 59) 中国经济年增长率约为 8%。这个数字令许多发达国家也刮目相看。 The annual growth rate of China’s economy is estimated at about 8% , a figure which makes many developed countries sit up and take notice. B. Patterns for you to use as models Typical Patterns: 1. Typical patterns for revealing different ways of seeing sth. 2. Typical patterns for revealing contrasts in sb. 3. Typical patterns for emphasizing difficulty in doing sth Typical patterns for revealing different ways of seeing sth.: 1.原句: At first glance, this is just another routine flight to …. Yet for 38 young passengers between fifteen and eighteen years of age, it is the start of a new experience: … (L. 2) 乍一看，这不过又是一架飞往 ······ 的普通航班。然而对于飞机上的 38 个年龄在 15 到 18 岁的年轻乘客来说，这是一次全新经历的开始：······ 句型提炼 At first glance, sth. / sb. is just … or sb. just feels… Yet for sb. else, sth. / sb. is… 乍一看,某事/某人只不过是······然而对其他人来说,某事/某人是······ 应用：a.乍一看,她只不过是一位普通的妇女。然而对于这个曾经无家可归的孩子来说,她 是一位无私的伟大的母亲:她把自己所有的爱和精力都倾注到他的成长中。 At first glance, she is just an ordinary woman. Yet for this child who used to be homeless, she is a great unselfish mother: she devotes all her love and energy to his growth. 应用：b. 乍一看,你也许觉得这个村子没有什么特别之处。 然而对于那些海外游子来说, 这是他们魂牵梦绕的地方:故乡的景物记载着他们儿时的梦想.。 At first glance, you may feel nothing special about this village. But for those overseas Chinese, it is the land to which they bear ever-growing attachments day and night: the scenes of their hometown bear record to their childhood dreams. 2 原句: For the majority, the decision to study abroad is taken only after a period of at least six months of careful planning. “For me,” says…, “it’s more important to …than it is to …”. (L. 10) 对大多数学生来说，至少要经过 6 个月的精心筹划才能作出到国外学习的决定。 “对我 来说,” 17 岁的格洛里亚·马卡托说: “学会讲英语及体验这种经历比从美国政府那里拿 到一张证书更为重要。” 句型提炼 2．For sb., sth. / doing sth. is / means ... Yet for sb. else , it is more important to do sth. else than it is to do sth. 对某人而言，某事/做某事是/意味着 ······ 然而对于另一人，做其它事比做某事更重 要。 应用：a. 对于多数大学生来说，大学生活意味着获取专业知识与技能。而对少数大学生 而言，寻求刺激和快乐比寻求知识更重要。 For the majority of students, the college life means acquiring special knowledge and skills. Yet for the minority, it is more important to seek stimulants and pleasures than it is to seek
knowledge 应用:b.在某些人看来,金钱是他们人生的所有追求。而对于那些有远大理想的人来说 实现人生价值比追求金钱更重要。 For some people, money is all that they strive for in life. Yet for those with high ambitions, rather more important to realize their life values than it is to seek after mor 2. Typical patterns for revealing contrasts in sh RRG]: Basically, most students leave knowing they will have to do without their accustomed arental protection and learn to take care of themselves. However, no one packs his or her bags alone. (L. 35) 事实上大多数学生在离家时,都知道他们将在没有原来所习惯了的父母照顾的情况下自己 生活,学会自己照顾自己。然而,他们没有人会独自整理行李 句型提炼 Basically( In fact), sb. does sth. knowing that he/she will... However, sb. (still) 事实上,当某人做某事时,都知道他/她将∴然而,某人(仍然) 应用:a.事实上,当这些勇敢的年轻人冲入火海救人时都知道这是很危险的,且可能失去生 命。然而,在危机时刻他们却毫不犹豫 Basically, these brave young men jumped into the sea of flames to save others knowing it was dangerous and they may lose their lives. however, they made no hesitation at the critical moment 应用:b.事实上,一些学生在考试中作弊时,都知道这样做有悖于道德。然而,为了面子, 他们没有一个人就此而罢手 In fact, some students cheat in exams knowing it goes contrary to their moral values. However, to save face, none of them gives up his /her trying Typical patterns for emphasizing difficulty in doing sth RRA]: Things, as they say, are not always so easy. Even young students who plan on staying in the United States just long enough to finish two semesters of high school have difficulty finding a host family. (L. 16) 正如他们所说的那样,事情并不是总那么顺利。甚至那些计划在美国完成两个学期中学 课程的年轻学生也很难找到接待家庭。 句型提炼 Sth, as sb. saysexpects /estimates), is not al ways so easy( encouraging /pleasing /.).Even those who. have difficulty(trouble)doing sth 正如某人所说那样,某事不总是……甚至那些…也很难做某事 应用:a.正如许多人所说的那样,漫漫人生路不总是那么平坦。甚至那些至今已克服了诸 多困难的人要达到目标仍有许多困难。 Our great journey through life, as many people say, is not always so smooth. Even those who have so far overcome a lot of difficulties still have much trouble attaining their goals 应用:b.正如一些专家预测的那样,今年的就业市场不容乐观。甚至许多拥有硕士学位 的大学毕业生也很难找到满意的工作 The job market, as some experts predict, is not so hopeful this year. Even many college graduates who hold the master degree have much trouble in finding their satisfactory jobs IV. Writing
knowledge. 应用：b. 在某些人看来，金钱是他们人生的所有追求。而对于那些有远大理想的人来说， 实现人生价值比追求金钱更重要。 For some people, money is all that they strive for in life. Yet for those with high ambitions, it is rather more important to realize their life values than it is to seek after money. 2. Typical patterns for revealing contrasts in sb. 原句: Basically, most students leave knowing they will have to do without their accustomed parental protection and learn to take care of themselves. However, no one packs his or her bags alone. (L. 35) 事实上,大多数学生在离家时,都知道他们将在没有原来所习惯了的父母照顾的情况下自己 生活,学会自己照顾自己。然而, 他们没有人会独自整理行李。 句型提炼 Basically ( In fact), sb. does sth. knowing that he / she will … However, sb. (still) … 事实上, 当某人做某事时, 都知道他/她将 ······ 然而, 某人(仍然) ······ 应用：a. 事实上,当这些勇敢的年轻人冲入火海救人时,都知道这是很危险的,且可能失去生 命。然而,在危机时刻,他们却毫不犹豫。 Basically, these brave young men jumped into the sea of flames to save others knowing it was dangerous and they may lose their lives. However, they made no hesitation at the critical moment. 应用：b. 事实上，一些学生在考试中作弊时，都知道这样做有悖于道德。然而, 为了面子， 他们没有一个人就此而罢手。 In fact, some students cheat in exams knowing it goes contrary to their moral values. However, to save face, none of them gives up his / her trying. Typical patterns for emphasizing difficulty in doing sth. 原句: Things, as they say, are not always so easy. Even young students who plan on staying in the United States just long enough to finish two semesters of high school have difficulty finding a host family. (L. 16) 正如他们所说的那样，事情并不是总那么顺利。甚至那些计划在美国完成两个学期中学 课程的年轻学生也很难找到接待家庭。 句型提炼 Sth. , as sb. says (expects / estimates), is not always so easy ( encouraging / pleasing /… ). Even those who…have difficulty (trouble) doing sth.. 正如某人所说那样，某事不总是······ 甚至那些······也很难做某事。 应用：a. 正如许多人所说的那样，漫漫人生路不总是那么平坦。甚至那些至今已克服了诸 多困难的人要达到目标仍有许多困难。 Our great journey through life, as many people say, is not always so smooth. Even those who have so far overcome a lot of difficulties still have much trouble attaining their goals. 应用：b. 正如一些专家预测的那样，今年的就业市场不容乐观。甚至许多拥有硕士学位 的大学毕业生也很难找到满意的工作。 The job market, as some experts predict, is not so hopeful this year. Even many college graduates who hold the master degree have much trouble in finding their satisfactory jobs. IV. Writing
Paragraph writing The boom in Doing Something 透过该现象阐明其深层次的问题 写作模式(实质性说明) 1) At first glance, the boom in… is indeed suggestive of…(表象说明) 2)But a deeper and critical look into the phenomenon can reveal something worthy of careful consideration.(转折句) 3) To the best of my understanding/ knowledge, the boom is a proof of…(实质性说明I) 4) Compared with…, typical of/ featured in…,ours, distinguished by…;…(进一步阐述) 5) It is also an indication of…(实质性说明Il 6) As a growing body of evidence shov makes features of…(进一步阐述) 7) And above all. it is a side- effect of…(实质性说明IID) 8)Impressed with . more and more" cherish a sweet illusion that., but in effect/reality, for every… kissed by fortune/luck, there are thousands more whose…(进一步阐述) The Boom in Studying Abroad 1)At first glance, the boom in studying abroad is indeed suggestive of great success in our all-round reform as well as much improvement in people's living standards. 2) But a deeper and critical look into the phenomenon can reveal something worthy of careful consideration. 3)To the best of my understanding, the boom is a proof of the urgent need for us to transform the current system of our educ 4)Compared with the western educational concepts, typical of building individuality, ours, distinguished by exam-oriented culture, falls behind the pace of the times. 5)It is also an indication of official corruption. 6) As a growing body of evidence shows, the corruption among the officials makes features of raising kept women and sending their children abroad for further studies. 7)And above all, it is a side-effect of biased publicity about a few achievers. 8)Impressed with such a far-from-overall advertisement, more and more parents cherish a sweet illusion that studying abroad will ensure a bright future for their children; but in reality, for every overseas Chinese kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose dreams have never come true V Reading skills Reading for the Key ldea in a Sentence The particular reading skill introduced for this unit is reading for the key ideas in sentences Although a sentence may give a great deal of information, it usually provides one key idea Readers should learn to find the key idea in order to understand the meaning of a sentence clearly The key idea of a sentence usually tells a) what a person or an object is b)what a person or an object is doing Look at the following example taken from Reading Passage A American families, which host foreign students, are not paid, though they are allowed a small income tax deduction. Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 4) This sentence tells about American families. We know that American families are not paid
Paragraph Writing The Boom in Doing Something 透过该现象阐明其深层次的问题 写作模式（实质性说明） 1） At first glance, the boom in … is indeed suggestive of … (表象说明) 2） But a deeper and critical look into the phenomenon can reveal something worthy of careful consideration. (转折句) 3） To the best of my understanding / knowledge, the boom is a proof of … (实质性说明 I) 4） Compared with …, typical of / featured in …, ours, distinguished by …, … (进一步阐述) 5） It is also an indication of … (实质性说明 II) 6） As a growing body of evidence shows, … makes features of … (进一步阐述) 7） And above all, it is a side-effect of … (实质性说明 III) 8） Impressed with …, more and more … cherish a sweet illusion that …; but in effect / reality, for every … kissed by fortune / luck, there are thousands more whose … (进一步阐述) The Boom in Studying Abroad 1) At first glance, the boom in studying abroad is indeed suggestive of great success in our all-round reform as well as much improvement in people’s living standards. 2) But a deeper and critical look into the phenomenon can reveal something worthy of careful consideration. 3) To the best of my understanding, the boom is a proof of the urgent need for us to transform the current system of our education. 4) Compared with the western educational concepts, typical of building individuality, ours, distinguished by exam-oriented culture, falls behind the pace of the times. 5) It is also an indication of official corruption. 6) As a growing body of evidence shows, the corruption among the officials makes features of raising kept women and sending their children abroad for further studies. 7) And above all, it is a side-effect of biased publicity about a few achievers. 8) Impressed with such a far-from-overall advertisement, more and more parents cherish a sweet illusion that studying abroad will ensure a bright future for their children; but in reality, for every overseas Chinese kissed by fortune, there are thousands more whose dreams have never come true. V. Reading Skills Reading for the Key Idea in a Sentence The particular reading skill introduced for this unit is reading for the key ideas in sentences. Although a sentence may give a great deal of information, it usually provides one key idea. Readers should learn to find the key idea in order to understand the meaning of a sentence clearly. The key idea of a sentence usually tells: a) what a person or an object is b) what a person or an object is doing Look at the following example taken from Reading Passage A: American families, which host foreign students, are not paid, though they are allowed a small income tax deduction. (Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 4) This sentence tells about American families. We know that American families are not paid
All the information about what kind of American families and under what condition they are not paid adds details. The details are helpful in completing the scene for the reader, and we need to rely on these details to make the key idea clearer. But the key idea, or the main thought, in this sentence is simply American families are not paid In order to find the key idea of a sentence we have to a)ask who or what the sentence is about b)ask what the person or object is doing, or what is happening to the person or object c)learn to separate details from the key idea. Many words in a sentence describe things about the subject of the sentence and only add details around it If we ask when, what kind, where, or why, we will find details. As a result will be easier for us to see the key idea. Now look at the following example taken from Reading Yet for 38 young passengers between fifteen and eighteen years of age, it is the start of a new experience: they will spend 10 months of their lives studying abroad, far from their families (Para2, Read ing Passage A, Unit 4) The key idea of this sentence is that it is a start of a new experience. The information as to fo whom and why it is a start of a new experience simply adds details Section B I. Language Points 1. We are in Montreal, in an echoing, dark train station, and we are squeezed together on a Meaning: We are in a noisy, dark train station in Montreal, and we are all pressed against each other on one bench uncomfortably echo: v (of places)repeat a sound His footsteps echoed in the empty hall.他的脚步声在空荡荡的大厅内回响。 The room echoed with the sound of their happy laughter.房间里回荡着他们快乐的笑声 2. Eventually, a man speaking broken Polish approaches us,.(Para. 1) leaning: Finally, a man who can speak Polish, though not fluently, comes up to us 3. Eventually, a man speaking broken Polish approaches us, .(Para. 1) 1)v.comenearto He approached the old lady slowly, having no idea how to tell her the bad news他慢慢地走 近老太太,不知道该怎么把坏消息告诉她 As summer approaches, the weather becomes hotter夏天临近了,天气越来越热了 2)n act of approaching The little boy ran away as fast as he could at their approach.他们走近时,小男孩拼命跑开 4.And so begins yet another segment of this longest journey --all the longer because we don't exactly know when it will end, when well reach our destination.(Para. 1) Meaning: And then another part of this very long journey begins, and it seems to be longer as we dont know exactly where our destination is and when we'll reach there
All the information about what kind of American families and under what condition they are not paid adds details. The details are helpful in completing the scene for the reader, and we need to rely on these details to make the key idea clearer. But the key idea, or the main thought, in this sentence is simply American families are not paid. In order to find the key idea of a sentence we have to: a) ask who or what the sentence is about. b) ask what the person or object is doing, or what is happening to the person or object. c) learn to separate details from the key idea. Many words in a sentence describe things about the subject of the sentence and only add details around it. If we ask when, what kind, where, or why, we will find details. As a result it will be easier for us to see the key idea. Now look at the following example taken from Reading Passage A: Yet for 38 young passengers between fifteen and eighteen years of age, it is the start of a new experience: they will spend 10 months of their lives studying abroad, far from their families. (Para2, Reading Passage A, Unit 4). The key idea of this sentence is that it is a start of a new experience. The information as to for whom and why it is a start of a new experience simply adds details. Section B I. Language Points 1. We are in Montreal, in an echoing, dark train station, and we are squeezed together on a bench… (Para.1) Meaning: We are in a noisy, dark train station in Montreal, and we are all pressed against each other on one bench uncomfortably. echo: v. (of places) repeat a sound His footsteps echoed in the empty hall. 他的脚步声在空荡荡的大厅内回响。 The room echoed with the sound of their happy laughter. 房间里回荡着他们快乐的笑声。 2. Eventually, a man speaking broken Polish approaches us,… (Para.1) Meaning: Finally, a man who can speak Polish, though not fluently, comes up to us, ... 3.Eventually, a man speaking broken Polish approaches us, … (Para.1) approach: 1) v. come near to He approached the old lady slowly, having no idea how to tell her the bad news.他慢慢地走 近老太太, 不知道该怎么把坏消息告诉她。 As summer approaches, the weather becomes hotter. 夏天临近了，天气越来越热了。 2) n. act of approaching The little boy ran away as fast as he could at their approach. 他们走近时，小男孩拼命跑开 了。 4.And so begins yet another segment of this longest journey -- all the longer because we don’t exactly know when it will end, when we’ll reach our destination. (Para.1) Meaning: And then another part of this very long journey begins, and it seems to be longer as we don’t know exactly where our destination is and when we’ll reach there
5. The people on the train look at us indirectly, and avoid sitting nearby.(Para. 2) Meaning: People on the train avoid looking at us directly or sitting near us indirectly: ad not going in a straight line She still controls the company indirectly through her son.她通过其儿子仍然间接地控制着 该公司 Freedom of speech has been controlled, whether directly or indirectly, by the secret police. E 论自由受到了秘密警察直接或间接的限制 6. dried cake, canned sardines, and sausages, which would keep during the long journey (Para. 2) keep: vi(of food) remain fresh and fit to eat This fish won' t keep in such hot weather; we must eat it now天气这么热,这鱼不能放久 我们必须现在把它吃了。 T' ve got something to tell you!”"Won' t it keep until later?”“我有点事要告诉你”“过 些时候再说,好吗 7.we can hardly afford to go there once a day on the few dollars that my father has brought with him.(Para. 2) Meaning: We can hardly pay for even one meal a day with the little money my father had with him 8… we can hardly afford to go there…(Para2) afford: vt. be able to find enough time or money for something Our manager can' t even afford a two-week holiday.我们的经理连两周的假期都抽不出来 The young man found with regret he couldn 't afford(to buy) a second-hand car with the money he had saved.那个年轻人遗憾地发现,他攒的钱连一辆旧车也买不起 9.The train cuts through infinite territory, most of it flat and boring, . (Para. 3) Meaning: The train runs across a vast area, most of which is flat and boring 10.The train cuts through infinite territory, .(Para. 3) infinite: a very great in amount or degree, endless And the opposite for this word is“ finite” Atomic bombs could do infinite harm to populations if they are used by evil persons.原子弹如 果被邪恶的人所利用,就会给人类造成巨大的危害。 She took up a new job with infinite enthusiasm.她以无限的热情开始从事一项新的工作 infinitely: ad in an infinite degree His idea is infinitely better than mine.他的主意比我的好多了 Compare with finite: finite a. having an end or limit The earth has finite resources, but scientific development is infinite.地球的资源有限,但科学 发展是无限的 Light moves at a finite speed.光以一定的速度传播。 l1. The train cuts through infinite territory,.(Para. 3) territory. n D)IC, Ul(area of) land under the control of a ruler, country, city, etc The UN is sending aid to the occupied territories.联合国向被占领区提供救援。 He was shot down in enemy territory.他是在敌人的领土上被击落的。 2)[C, U] area ruled by one person, group or animal and defended against others My sister' s bedroom is forbidden territory to the rest of us.我姐姐的卧室对我们其余人来说
5. The people on the train look at us indirectly, and avoid sitting nearby. (Para.2) Meaning: People on the train avoid looking at us directly or sitting near us. indirectly: ad. not going in a straight line She still controls the company indirectly through her son. 她通过其儿子仍然间接地控制着 该公司。 Freedom of speech has been controlled, whether directly or indirectly, by the secret police. 言 论自由受到了秘密警察直接或间接的限制。 6. dried cake, canned sardines, and sausages, which would keep during the long journey. (Para. 2) keep: vi. (of food) remain fresh and fit to eat This fish won’t keep in such hot weather; we must eat it now. 天气这么热, 这鱼不能放久, 我们必须现在把它吃了。 “I’ve got something to tell you!” “Won’t it keep until later?” “我有点事要告诉你!” “过 些时候再说, 好吗?” 7.…we can hardly afford to go there once a day on the few dollars that my father has brought with him. (Para.2) Meaning: We can hardly pay for even one meal a day with the little money my father had with him. 8.…we can hardly afford to go there… (Para.2) afford: vt. be able to find enough time or money for something Our manager can’t even afford a two-week holiday. 我们的经理连两周的假期都抽不出来。 The young man found with regret he couldn’t afford (to buy) a second-hand car with the money he had saved. 那个年轻人遗憾地发现，他攒的钱连一辆旧车也买不起。 9.The train cuts through infinite territory, most of it flat and boring,… (Para.3) Meaning: The train runs across a vast area, most of which is flat and boring… 10.The train cuts through infinite territory, … (Para.3) infinite: a. very great in amount or degree, endless And the opposite for this word is “finite”. Atomic bombs could do infinite harm to populations if they are used by evil persons.原子弹如 果被邪恶的人所利用，就会给人类造成巨大的危害。 She took up a new job with infinite enthusiasm. 她以无限的热情开始从事一项新的工作。 infinitely: ad. in an infinite degree His idea is infinitely better than mine. 他的主意比我的好多了。 Compare with finite: finite a. having an end or limit The earth has finite resources, but scientific development is infinite. 地球的资源有限, 但科学 发展是无限的。 Light moves at a finite speed. 光以一定的速度传播。 11.The train cuts through infinite territory, … (Para.3) territory: n. 1) [C, U] (area of) land under the control of a ruler, country, city, etc. The UN is sending aid to the occupied territories. 联合国向被占领区提供救援。 He was shot down in enemy territory. 他是在敌人的领土上被击落的。 2) [C, U] area ruled by one person, group or animal and defended against others My sister’s bedroom is forbidden territory to the rest of us. 我姐姐的卧室对我们其余人来说
是块禁地 的个 d that end of the office as his territory他把办公室的那一端视作是他 and it seems to me that the ceaseless rhythm of the wheels is like scissors cutting a three-thousand-mile rip through my life From now on, my life will be divided into two parts, with the line drawn by that train. (Para. 3) Meaning: As the train goes on, with the rhythm of the wheels continuing endlessly, I feel as if my life was divided into two parts by the running of the train, with my past on one side and the future on the other there is a distance of three thousand miles between the two sides 13.After a while, i shrink into a silent indifference,.(Para. 4) Meaning: After a while, I lose all my interest in any thing around me and become silent 14.After a while, I shrink into a silent indifference, ...(Para. 4) 1)move away from something or somebody unpleasant She is shy by nature and shrinks from any stranger.她生性羞怯,怕见生人 The little boy shrank back with a cry at the sight of a snake.这个小男孩一看到蛇,就惊叫 声往后退缩。 We must not shrink from difficulties.我们不应该在困难面前退缩。 2)become smaller, esp. because of water, heat or cold Will the shirt shrink in the wash?这件衬衣洗过以后会缩水吗? Car sales have been shrinking recently.近来汽车的销售量在减少。 The hot water shrank my sweater.热水使我的毛衣收缩了 The productivity increase has shrunk our costs by25%生产率的提高使我们的成本减少了 15.After a while, I shrink into a silent indifference, ... (Para. 4) indifference n. lack of interest Jack' s father is rather angry with him for his indifference to the future杰克的父亲因为杰克 对未来漠不关心而对他很生气 I talked to him for two hours, but he only listened to me with indifference.我和他谈了两个小 时,但他只是漠不关心地听着 indifferent: a. having no interest in, not caring about or noticing People are worried about the government' s indifferent attitude toward drug dealing.人们因政 府在毒品交易问题上所表现出的漠不关心的态度而感到担心 If the adjective has a complement, we should use the preposition to How can you be so indifferent to the suffering of the people around you?你怎么能对身边的 人所受的苦难如此漠不关心呢? i was so excited to see snow that i was indifferent to the cold.看到雪,我非常激动而不感到 寒冷 16... these are not the friendly fields, the farmyards of Polish countryside;. (Para. 4) Meaning:. these are not the farmyards in Polish countryside that I am so familiar with. These fields make me feel strange 17... this is vast, tedious and formless.(Para. 4) tedious: a. tiring, because of being too long, slow or dull; boring
是块禁地。 He seems to regard that end of the office as his territory. 他似乎把办公室的那一端视作是他 的个人地盘。 12.…and it seems to me that the ceaseless rhythm of the wheels is like scissors cutting a three-thousand-mile rip through my life. From now on, my life will be divided into two parts, with the line drawn by that train. (Para.3) Meaning: As the train goes on, with the rhythm of the wheels continuing endlessly, I feel as if my life was divided into two parts by the running of the train, with my past on one side and the future on the other. There is a distance of three thousand miles between the two sides. 13.After a while, I shrink into a silent indifference, … (Para.4) Meaning: After a while, I lose all my interest in anything around me and become silent. 14.After a while, I shrink into a silent indifference, … (Para.4) shrink: vi. 1) move away from something or somebody unpleasant She is shy by nature and shrinks from any stranger. 她生性羞怯，怕见生人。 The little boy shrank back with a cry at the sight of a snake. 这个小男孩一看到蛇，就惊叫一 声往后退缩。 We must not shrink from difficulties. 我们不应该在困难面前退缩。 2) become smaller, esp. because of water, heat or cold Will the shirt shrink in the wash? 这件衬衣洗过以后会缩水吗？ Car sales have been shrinking recently. 近来 汽车的销售量在减少。 shrink: vt. cause sth. to become smaller The hot water shrank my sweater. 热水使我的毛衣收缩了。 The productivity increase has shrunk our costs by 25%. 生产率的提高使我们的成本减少了 25% 15.After a while, I shrink into a silent indifference, … (Para.4) indifference: n. lack of interest Jack’s father is rather angry with him for his indifference to the future. 杰克的父亲因为杰克 对未来漠不关心而对他很生气。 I talked to him for two hours, but he only listened to me with indifference. 我和他谈了两个小 时，但他只是漠不关心地听着。 indifferent: a. having no interest in, not caring about or noticing People are worried about the government’s indifferent attitude toward drug dealing. 人们因政 府在毒品交易问题上所表现出的漠不关心的态度而感到担心。 If the adjective has a complement, we should use the preposition to. How can you be so indifferent to the suffering of the people around you? 你怎么能对身边的 人所受的苦难如此漠不关心呢？ I was so excited to see snow that I was indifferent to the cold. 看到雪, 我非常激动而不感到 寒冷。 16…these are not the friendly fields, the farmyards of Polish countryside; …(Para.4) Meaning: …these are not the farmyards in Polish countryside that I am so familiar with. These fields make me feel strange. 17... this is vast, tedious and formless. (Para. 4) tedious: a. tiring, because of being too long, slow or dull; boring