Unit[ section a . Background Knowledge 1. Virtual Online education By definition, " virtual education"is the study of credit and non credit from world-wide remote sites that are neither bound by time or physical location. In essence,a student hooks up with other students and an instructor in both real and virtual time. Whether in a plane comfortably cruising at 33, 000 feet, or at home, at any given moment a student can log into a virtual classroom. From desktop or laptop e-mail assignments can be sent and received. Study, research, discovery and new knowledge are at a students fingertips. It is here that the students enthusiasm level is 2. U.S. Educational System In the United States completion of a twelve-year elementary-secondary program leads to a high school diploma. This diploma and/or an entrance examination provides the basis for admission of U.S. students to UWM. Those with adequate preparation and atisfactory academic records and/or test scores are admitted to a four-year program leading to a Bachelor's degree Applicants from other countries must have similar backgrounds A Bachelor's degree in the United States is earned after a minimum of four years of post-secondary study(sixteen years of education). International students who hold Bachelor's degrees earned with fewer years of preparation are advised to take additional upper level university work or graduate work before applying to a graduate program at UWM. In some cases the next higher degree from a student's home country will be required. Earning a U.S. Master's degree requires approximately two years of study beyond the Bachelor's degree. Doctoral programs generally require from two to five years of study beyond the Master's degree In the United States a bachelor's degrec is considered"undergraduate, and a master's and doctoral level study is considered For additional general information about the U.S. application process and information specific to your country, please contact your local U.S. Embassy/U.S. Consulate or U.S Information Services for referral to the closest educational advisor Today, over 300, 000 students non-U S. residents are studying in the United States They come from almost every country in the world. As you might imagine, all students have their own educational goals. Therefore, it is important to understand the U.S ducational system so that you select the right program for you 3. Levels of education in the U.S The levels of education in the u.s. are similar to those in other countries but the differences can be confusing to non-U S residents. Below are some definitions Primary Education: Pre-school: ages 2-6; Elementary School: ages 6-12 Secondary Education: Junior High School: ages 12-14; High School: ages 14-18 some students"drop-out"and do not complete their high school degree of i6 However (note that everyone in the U.S. is required by law to attend until the age
1 Unit I Section A I. Background Knowledge 1.Virtual Online Education By definition, "virtual education" is the study of credit and non credit courses from world-wide remote sites that are neither bound by time or physical location. In essence, a student hooks up with other students and an instructor in both real and virtual time. Whether in a plane comfortably cruising at 33,000 feet, or at home, at any given moment a student can log into a virtual classroom. From desktop or laptop, e-mail assignments can be sent and received. Study, research, discovery and new knowledge are at a student’s fingertips. It is here that the student’s enthusiasm level is piqued. 2. U.S. Educational System In the United States completion of a twelve-year elementary-secondary program leads to a high school diploma. This diploma and/or an entrance examination provides the basis for admission of U.S. students to UWM. Those with adequate preparation and satisfactory academic records and/or test scores are admitted to a four-year program leading to a Bachelor's degree. Applicants from other countries must have similar backgrounds. A Bachelor's degree in the United States is earned after a minimum of four years of post-secondary study (sixteen years of education). International students who hold Bachelor's degrees earned with fewer years of preparation are advised to take additional upper level university work or graduate work before applying to a graduate program at UWM. In some cases the next higher degree from a student's home country will be required.Earning a U.S. Master's degree requires approximately two years of study beyond the Bachelor's degree. Doctoral programs generally require from two to five years of study beyond the Master's degree.In the United States a bachelor's degree is considered "undergraduate," and a master's and doctoral level study is considered "graduate." For additional general information about the U.S. application process and information specific to your country, please contact your local U.S. Embassy/U.S. Consulate or U.S. Information Services for referral to the closest educational advisor. Today, over 300,000 students non-U.S. residents are studying in the United States. They come from almost every country in the world. As you might imagine, all students have their own educational goals. Therefore, it is important to understand the U.S. educational system so that you select the right program for you. 3. Levels of Education in the U.S. The levels of education in the U.S. are similar to those in other countries. But the differences can be confusing to non-U.S. residents. Below are some definitions: Primary Education: Pre-school: ages 2 - 6 ; Elementary School: ages 6-12. Secondary Education: Junior High School: ages 12-14; High School: ages 14-18 (note that everyone in the U.S. is required by law to attend until the age of 16. However, some students "drop-out" and do not complete their high school degree
Post Secondary Education: There are no real age categories for post secondary education. Generally, American students start college right after completing high school (about 60% of all students who graduate from high school enter college at some point in their life). Junior and Technical colleges are designed to be two-year programs, while universities and colleges are designed to be 4-year programs at the undergraduate level. In reality, the average American takes over 6 years to finish a 4 year degree The reason is that more than 50% of college freshman(first year students)do not know what major or specialization they wish to study. Also, many students work to pay for their college expenses. Thus they may take fewer classes in order to work College Versus University: A college usually just has a Bachelor's(4 year) program. a university may be composed of several colleges(for example, the college of medicine and the college of engineering). Universities often have graduate programs s well. For most purposes, a Bachelor's degree from a college is equivalent to a Bachelor's degree from a university, so that the words"college"and"university" me the same thing to most Americans. Generally, the value of a degree is a reflection of how society views the particular college or university Vocational/ Technical School: Vocational and technical schools operate at either the high school or junior college level. They teach skills such as secretarial, auto mechanics, photography, nursing, etc. It is often difficult for non-U S residents to find information on U.S. technical and vocational schools since these schools usually do not promote their programs outside the area where they operate The Post Secondary Education category could be listed as follows Junior-Technical College associates Undergraduate College-University Bachelor of Science(BS) Graduate School Masters of Science(MS) Masters of Arts(M. A) Masters of Business administration (MBA) Doctorate(Ph. D) Post graduate after ph d no-degree There are public and private colleges, schools and universities in the United States. The public schools are in part, by a city, and/or state, and/or federal government Students living in the city or state pay less tuition because some tax money is used to subsidize the tuition. Non-US residents would pay more, since they would not be residents of the city or state where the college or university is located Private colleges and universities are supported primarily by tuition and private contributions. All students must pay the same tuition no matter where they are from (unless they get a grant or scholarship). Many private schools are affiliated with a religion. Examples are Roman Catholic, Protestant, Islamic and Jewish religions Students at these schools do not have to be of that particular religion to attend, but they may be required to take certain religious or theological courses pertaining to that religion. Consult each college s catalogue English Language Schools and Centers: These schools are typically privately owned, although some operate on a college or university campus. They offer botl private, one-on-one, and group instruction in English, TOEFL preparation, and other programs
2 Post Secondary Education: There are no real age categories for post secondary education. Generally, American students start college right after completing high school (about 60% of all students who graduate from high school enter college at some point in their life). Junior and Technical colleges are designed to be two-year programs, while universities and colleges are designed to be 4-year programs at the undergraduate level. In reality, the average American takes over 6 years to finish a "4 year degree". The reason is that more than 50% of college freshman (first year students) do not know what major or specialization they wish to study. Also, many students work to pay for their college expenses. Thus they may take fewer classes in order to work. College Versus University: A college usually just has a Bachelor's (4 year) program. A university may be composed of several colleges (for example, the college of medicine and the college of engineering). Universities often have graduate programs as well. For most purposes, a Bachelor's degree from a college is equivalent to a Bachelor's degree from a university, so that the words "college" and "university" mean the same thing to most Americans. Generally, the value of a degree is a reflection of how society views the particular college or university. Vocational/Technical School: Vocational and technical schools operate at either the high school or junior college level. They teach skills such as secretarial, auto mechanics, photography, nursing, etc. It is often difficult for non-U.S. residents to find information on U.S. technical and vocational schools since these schools usually do not promote their programs outside the area where they operate. The Post Secondary Education category could be listed as follows: Program Degree ______________________________________________________________________ Junior - Technical College Associates Undergraduate College - University Bachelor of Science (B.S.) Graduate School Masters of Science (M.S.) Masters of Arts (M.A.) Masters of Business Administration (MBA) Doctorate (Ph.D.) Post Graduate after Ph.D. no-degree There are public and private colleges, schools and universities in the United States. The public schools are funded, in part, by a city, and/or state, and/or federal government. Students living in the city or state pay less tuition because some tax money is used to subsidize the tuition. Non-U.S. residents would pay more, since they would not be residents of the city or state where the college or university is located. Private colleges and universities are supported primarily by tuition and private contributions. All students must pay the same tuition no matter where they are from (unless they get a grant or scholarship). Many private schools are affiliated with a religion. Examples are Roman Catholic, Protestant, Islamic and Jewish religions. Students at these schools do not have to be of that particular religion to attend, but they may be required to take certain religious or theological courses pertaining to that religion. Consult each college's catalogue. English Language Schools and Centers: These schools are typically privately owned, although some operate on a college or university campus. They offer both private, one-on-one, and group instruction in English, TOEFL preparation, and other programs
to s you wish to study English before you enter an American college, you may want study at a private English language center. There, you can improve your English, better your study skills, or prepare for the ToEFL test. This will also give you the opportunity to evaluate colleges and universities in the United States by visiting them personally, and speaking to Americans who may be more familiar with the universities nd programs that are best for you You will also be able to become more familiar with American culture before you start your university program II. Text Analysis Main idea: Learning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life Devices for developing it l. Deduction Organization-- from general to specific(演绎法) General statement(Topic): Learning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life pecific statements: 1)My ce in junior middle school(Para. 2) a kind and patient teacher who praised all of the students..positive method .. eagerly answered questions, at the top of my class 2)My experience in senior middle school(Para. 3) an(impatient )teacher.punished those who made mistakes. shaking it up and down. shouted. lose my eagerness desire to say anything in English 3)My experience at college( Para. 4) far from perfect. very large class and better students.. feel intimidated afraid to speak. at the same level forever 4) My experience with the online course(Para. 5-7 require commitment and discipline . virtual classroom. practice all the time.cry with frustration. feel like giving up. reaped the benefits of hard work 5)Conclusion(Para. 8) a most trying experience, but one that I would not trade for anything. . teach me the value of hard work. give me insights into another culture. my mind. opened to new ways of seeing things.. the most wonderful result of having learned a foreign language.. communicate with many more people than before. one of my favorite activities. bridge the gap between my culture and theirs 2. Sequence of Time and space(时空顺序法) Typical Sentences: 1) My experience with a foreign language began in junior middle school. (Para 2)When I went to senior middle school. Para 3) 3)However, that state didnt last long. When I went to college.( Para. 4) 4)That was the situation until a couple of years later, when.participated in the virtual classroom.(Para. 5)
3 If you wish to study English before you enter an American college, you may want to study at a private English language center. There, you can improve your English, better your study skills, or prepare for the TOEFL test. This will also give you the opportunity to evaluate colleges and universities in the United States by visiting them personally, and speaking to Americans who may be more familiar with the universities and programs that are best for you. You will also be able to become more familiar with American culture before you start your university program. II. Text Analysis Main idea: Learning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life. Devices for developing it: 1. Deduction Organization---from general to specific (演绎法) General statement (Topic): Learning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life. Specific statements: 1) My experience in junior middle school (Para. 2): a kind and patient teacher who praised all of the students … positive method…eagerly answered questions, at the top of my class 2) My experience in senior middle school (Para. 3): an (impatient) teacher…punished those who made mistakes…shaking it up and down…shouted…lose my eagerness / desire to say anything in English 3) My experience at college(Para. 4): far from perfect…very large class and better students… feel intimidated… afraid to speak…at the same level forever 4) My experience with the online course (Para. 5-7): require commitment and discipline …virtual classroom…practice all the time…cry with frustration…feel like giving up…reaped the benefits of hard work 5) Conclusion (Para. 8): a most trying experience, but one that I would not trade for anything…teach me the value of hard work…give me insights into another culture…my mind …opened to new ways of seeing things…the most wonderful result of having learned a foreign language …communicate with many more people than before…one of my favorite activities…bridge the gap between my culture and theirs 2. Sequence of Time and Space (时空顺序法) Typical Sentences: 1）My experience with a foreign language began in junior middle school.(Para. 2) 2) When I went to senior middle school. (Para.3) 3) However, that state didn’t last long. When I went to college. (Para. 4) 4) That was the situation until a couple of years later, when ...participated in the virtual classroom. (Para. 5)
5)I had finally reaped the benefits of all that hard work. Para. 7) 3. Comparison and Contrast(对比法) mae the comparison and contrast is centered around"the most difficult"and"the Conjunctions used in the text: yet, while, unlike, although, but The group of“ difficult frustrating, punish, shout, lose my eagerness/ desire to say anything in English, very large, far from perfect, feel intimidated, afraid to speak, (my English)stay at the same level, cry with frustration, feel like The group of"rewarding well worth the effort at the top of my class, eager to study, understand about everything, reap the benefits of all that hard work, teach me the value of hard work, give me insights into another culture, able to bridge the gap between cultures IlL Structure: Part I(Para. 1) Idea: Learning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life Devices for developing it: Explanation(释义法) Difficult---frustrating Rewarding ---well worth the effort Part lI(Para. 2-4) Idea: My different experiences with the regular course in junior and senior middle schools and at college Devices for developing it: Cause and effect(因果法) Typical Sentences 1)Because of this positive method, I eagerly answered all the questions. 2)So, once again, although for different reasons, I was afraid to speak Part III( Para.5-7) WOrk dea: My experiences with the online course helped me reap the benefits of hard Devices for developing it: Deduction(演绎法)(Para.7) eneral statement: St. 1 of Para. 7 Specific statements: St 2-5 of Para. 7 Conclusion: St 6-7 of para. 7 Part IV(Para8) Idea: Learning English brings me benefits: the value of hard work, insights into other cultures, new ways of seeing things, ability to bridge the gap between different cultures Devices for developing it: Induction(归纳法) Paragraph 8 Learning a foreign language has been a most trying experience for me, but one that I wouldnt trade for anything Not only did learning another language
4 5) I had finally reaped the benefits of all that hard work. (Para. 7) 3. Comparison and Contrast (对比法) The comparison and contrast is centered around “the most difficult” and “the most rewarding”. Conjunctions used in the text: yet, while, unlike, although, but The group of “difficult”: frustrating, punish, shout, lose my eagerness / desire to say anything in English, very large, far from perfect, feel intimidated, afraid to speak, (my English)stay at the same level, cry with frustration, feel like giving up The group of “rewarding”: well worth the effort, at the top of my class, eager to study, understand about everything, reap the benefits of all that hard work, teach me the value of hard work, give me insights into another culture, able to bridge the gap between cultures III.Structure: Part I (Para.1) Idea: Learning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life. Devices for developing it: Explanation(释义法) Difficult --- frustrating Rewarding --- well worth the effort Part II (Para.2-4) Idea: My different experiences with the regular course in junior and senior middle schools and at college Devices for developing it: Cause and Effect (因果法) Typical Sentences: 1) Because of this positive method, I eagerly answered all the questions, … 2) So, once again, although for different reasons, I was afraid to speak. Part III ( Para.5-7) Idea: My experiences with the online course helped me reap the benefits of hard work. Devices for developing it: Deduction (演绎法) (Para. 7) General statement: St. 1 of Para. 7 Specific statements: St. 2-5 of Para.7 Conclusion: St. 6-7 of Para. 7 Part IV (Para8) Idea: Learning English brings me benefits: the value of hard work, insights into other cultures, new ways of seeing things, ability to bridge the gap between different cultures. Devices for developing it: Induction(归纳法) Paragraph 8 Learning a foreign language has been a most trying experience for me, but one that I wouldn’t trade for anything. Not only did learning another language
teach me the value of hard work, but it also gave me insights into another culture, and my mind o new ways of seeing things. The most wonderful result of having learned a foreign language was that I could communicate with many more people than before. Talking with people is one of my favorite activities, so being able to speak a new language lets me meet new people, participate in conversations and form new. unforgettable friendships Now that I speak a foreign language, instead of staring into space when English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends. I am able to reach or others and bridge the gap between my language and culture and theirs. IV Language points A: Expressions: 1. to be well worth the effort 2. to be at the top of the class 3. to lose the desire to say anything in English 4. to be far from perfect 5. to stay at the same level forever 6. to get access to the necessary equipment 7. to keep up with the flow of the course 8. to meet the minimum standards set by the course 9 to cry with frustration 10 to feel like giving up 11. to reap the benefits of hard work 12. not to trade sth for anything 13. to teach me the value of hard work 14. to give me insights into another culture 15. to keep my mind open to new ways of seeing thing 16 to bridge the gap between different cultures Examples l. to be well worth the effort(L.3)很值得去努力 Not everything in life is well worth our risk.(生活中并非一切都值得我们去冒 险。) 2. to be at the top of the class (L.7)在班里名列前茅 On the list of good polices in social contact, honesty should be at the top.(在社交方 面所有的良策之中诚信应列在首位。) 3. to lose my desire/ eagerness to say anything in English(L14)失去说英语的欲望 As a result of her dishonesty, I lost my desire to form further friendship with her.(HH 于她的不诚实我失去了与她建立进一步友谊的欲望。) 4 to be far from perfect(L.19)远不尽人意 DAlthough our environment is still far from perfect, we havent lost the desire to change it for the better(尽管我们的环境还远不尽人意,我们并没有失去使其改 善的意愿。) 5. to stay at the same level forever(L.26)永远停滞不前 Sometimes our English learning seems to stay at the same level for ever, but, in fact, this is not necessary the case.(有时,我们的英语学习似乎总停滞不前,但事实
5 teach me the value of hard work, but it also gave me insights into another culture, and my mind was opened to new ways of seeing things. The most wonderful result of having learned a foreign language was that I could communicate with many more people than before. Talking with people is one of my favorite activities, so being able to speak a new language lets me meet new people, participate in conversations, and form new, unforgettable friendships. Now that I speak a foreign language, instead of staring into space when English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends. I am able to reach out to others and bridge the gap between my language and culture and theirs. IV. Language Points A：Expressions: 1. to be well worth the effort 2. to be at the top of the class 3. to lose the desire to say anything in English 4. to be far from perfect 5. to stay at the same level forever 6.to get access to the necessary equipment 7. to keep up with the flow of the course 8. to meet the minimum standards set by the course 9. to cry with frustration 10. to feel like giving up 11. to reap the benefits of hard work 12. not to trade sth for anything 13. to teach me the value of hard work 14. to give me insights into another culture 15. to keep my mind open to new ways of seeing things 16. to bridge the gap between different cultures Examples: 1. to be well worth the effort (L. 3) 很值得去努力 Not everything in life is well worth our risk. (生活中并非一切都值得我们去冒 险。) 2. to be at the top of the class (L. 7) 在班里名列前茅 On the list of good polices in social contact, honesty should be at the top. (在社交方 面所有的良策之中诚信应列在首位。) 3. to lose my desire / eagerness to say anything in English (L.14) 失去说英语的欲望 As a result of her dishonesty, I lost my desire to form further friendship with her. (由 于她的不诚实,我失去了与她建立进一步友谊的欲望。) 4. to be far from perfect (L. 19) 远不尽人意 ÐAlthough our environment is still far from perfect, we haven’t lost the desire to change it for the better. (尽管我们的环境还远不尽人意，我们并没有失去使其改 善的意愿。) 5. to stay at the same level forever (L. 26) 永远停滞不前 Sometimes our English learning seems to stay at the same level for ever, but ,in fact, this is not necessary the case. (有时，我们的英语学习似乎总停滞不前，但事实上
并不一定如此。) 6. to get access to the necessary equipment(L.30)接触到必要的设备 Through online learning we get access to many new patterns of thinking.(通过网上 学习我们接触到许多新思维模式 7. to keep up with the flow of the course(L.33)跟上课程进度 To keep up with the flow of world trade, China decided to join WTO.(为了跟上世 界贸易的进程,中国决定加入世贸组织。) 8. to meet the minimum standards set by the course(L.34)满足课程最低限度的要求 It also requires commitment and discipline to meet the minimum standards set by the niversity.(要满足大学的最低要求也同样需要专一和自制。) 9. to cry with frustration(L37)因挫折而哭泣 It often happens that some jump with victory while others cry with frustration. (-lEE 人因胜利而雀跃,而另一些人因因挫折而哭泣,这种事情经常发生。) 10. to feel like giving up(L37)想放弃 In the face of difficulty; I always feel like giving up(在困难面前我经常想到放弃。) Unlike Zheng Pei-min, some officials only feel like enjoying pleasures as much as possible.(不像郑培民那样,一些官员只想着及时行乐。) 1. to reap the benefits of hard work(L.42)尝到刻苦学习的甜头 Online chatting in English made it possible for me to reap the benefits of English learning.(网上聊天使我能尝到学英语的甜头。) 12. not to trade( exchange /give) sth for anything(L.45)拿什么都不换 D What impressed us most in that disaster was their readiness to give their lives for the public health(在那场灾难中给我们印象最深的是他们随时准备用自己的生命换 得大众健康的精神。) 13. to teach me the value of hard work(L.45)使我懂得了刻苦努力的价值 D Much personal contact with him taught me the value of true friendship(与他频繁的 私人交往使我懂得了真挚友谊的价值。) 14. to give me insights into another culture(L.46)使我认识了另一种文化 D Reading good books has given me insights into what good taste means.(读好书使我 认识了高雅的含义。) 15. to keep my mind open to new ways of seeing things(L46)使我从心里乐于接受 新的看待事物的方式 D As long as we keep our minds open to anything helpful to social progress, our nation will be filled with hope.(只要我们从心里乐于接受任何有助于社会进步的东 西,我们的民族就充满希望。) l6. to bridge the gap between different cultures(L.52)弥合不同文化之间的鸿沟 The couple tried to bridge the gap between their affections, but without any success(夫妇二人试图弥合两人之间的感情分歧,但未能成功。) B. Patterns for you to use as models 1. Typical patterns for cause and effect RRaJ 1): Because of this positive method, I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes.(. 6) 句型提炼 Because of…, sb adv. does sth/is+adj. to do sth, never worrying/
6 并不一定如此。) 6. to get access to the necessary equipment (L. 30) 接触到必要的设备 Through online learning we get access to many new patterns of thinking. (通过网上 学习我们接触到许多新思维模式。) 7. to keep up with the flow of the course (L. 33) 跟上课程进度 To keep up with the flow of world trade, China decided to join WTO. (为了跟上世 界贸易的进程，中国决定加入世贸组织。) 8. to meet the minimum standards set by the course (L. 34) 满足课程最低限度的要求 It also requires commitment and discipline to meet the minimum standards set by the university. (要满足大学的最低要求也同样需要专一和自制。) 9. to cry with frustration (L. 37) 因挫折而哭泣 It often happens that some jump with victory while others cry with frustration.( 一些 人因胜利而雀跃，而另一些人因因挫折而哭泣，这种事情经常发生。) 10. to feel like giving up (L. 37) 想放弃 In the face of difficulty, I always feel like giving up.(在困难面前我经常想到放弃。) Unlike Zheng Pei-min, some officials only feel like enjoying pleasures as much as possible. (不像郑培民那样，一些官员只想着及时行乐。) 11. to reap the benefits of hard work (L. 42) 尝到刻苦学习的甜头 Online chatting in English made it possible for me to reap the benefits of English learning. (网上聊天使我能尝到学英语的甜头。) 12. not to trade(exchange / give) sth for anything (L. 45) 拿什么都不换 Ð What impressed us most in that disaster was their readiness to give their lives for the public health. (在那场灾难中给我们印象最深的是他们随时准备用自己的生命换 得大众健康的精 神。) 13. to teach me the value of hard work (L. 45) 使我懂得了刻苦努力的价值 Ð Much personal contact with him taught me the value of true friendship. (与他频繁的 私人交往使我懂得了真挚友谊的价值。) 14. to give me insights into another culture (L. 46) 使我认识了另一种文化 Ð Reading good books has given me insights into what good taste means. (读好书使我 认识了高雅的含义。) 15. to keep my mind open to new ways of seeing things (L. 46) 使我从心里乐于接受 新的看待事物的方式 Ð As long as we keep our minds open to anything helpful to social progress, our nation will be filled with hope. (只要我们从心里乐于接受任何有助于社会进步的东 西，我们的民族就充满希望。) 16. to bridge the gap between different cultures (L. 52) 弥合不同文化之间的鸿沟 The couple tried to bridge the gap between their affections, but without any success. (夫妇二人试图弥合两人之间的感情分歧，但未能成功。) B. Patterns for you to use as models 1. Typical patterns for cause and effect 原句 1): Because of this positive method, I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes. (L. 6) 句型提炼 Because of…, sb adv. does sth / is + adj. to do sth, never worrying ／
caring much about…由于……,某人很……做某事,从不怎么担心 adj.(adv ) eager(ly ), anxious(ly), likely, free(ly), content(ly),etc. 应用:a由于她强烈的物质享受欲望,她急于进行权钱交易,根本不顾及对 更大利益的破坏 Because of her strong desire for material wealth, she was eager to trade her ower for money, never worrying about any damage to larger interests 应用:b.由于他对网上冲浪的兴趣过浓,他很有可能一门心思上网,而 不会关心自己的功课。 Because of his undue interest in online surfing, he is likely to put all his mind on this business. never caring about his school work RRAJ2): Now that I speak a foreign language, instead of staring into space hen English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends.(L.50) 句型提炼 Now that sb.does/ has done sth, instead of…,he/ she can/ should do sth else 由于/既然某人做某事,而不再……,他/她就能做另一事。 应用:a既然我们上远程英语课,而不再因在普通课堂上出错感到难堪, 那我们就能从网上学习中有所收获。 Now that we have taken the onl ine course, instead of feeling embarrassed when making mistakes in the regular class, we can reap some benefits from it 应用:b.既然你能从心里上乐于接受新的思维方式,而不再对其视而不见 那你就有机会跟上时代的潮流 Now that you can keep your mind open to new ways of thinking, nstead of turning a blind eye to them, you stand a good chance to keep up with the flow of the times RRGJ3): While my former teacher had been patient with all the students, my new teacher quickly punished those who gave incorrect answers. (L 9 句型提炼 While sth/sbis/does.,sh/ sb else is/does 某事/某人……,而另一事/另一人… 应用:a当事情进展得不顺利时,一些人努力去寻求出路,而另一些人则 压根不去想解决问题的办法 When things go wrong, some work hard to find a way out while others totally lose the desire to think out any solution to the problem 应用:b.在社交中,有人表现出对其承诺的专一,而有人则常常是说话不算 话 In social contacts, some show a total commitment to their promises while some often back away from theirs 2. Typical patterns for comparison and contrast RAJ1): Unlike my senior middle school teacher my college English teachers (L.16) 句型提炼 Unlike sb,/sth.else(hat…),sb./sth.is/does 不像另一人/物 )那样(与另一人/物不同),某人/物 应用:a不像一些贪官高高在上那样,周恩来生前和人民群众建立了难以
7 caring much about…由于……, 某人很……做某事，从不怎么担心…. adj.(adv.): eager(ly), anxious(ly), likely, free(ly), content(ly), etc. 应用：a.由于她强烈的物质享受欲望, 她急于进行权钱交易，根本不顾及对 更大利益的破坏。 Because of her strong desire for material wealth, she was eager to trade her power for money, never worrying about any damage to larger interests. 应用: b. 由于他对网上冲浪的兴趣过浓， 他很有可能 一门心思上网，而 不会关心自己的功课。 Because of his undue interest in online surfing, he is likely to put all his mind on this business, never caring about his school work. 原句2): Now that I speak a foreign language, instead of staring into space when English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends. (L.50) 句型提炼 Now that sb. does / has done sth., instead of …, he / she can ／ should do sth. else. 由于／ 既然某人做某事，而不再……, 他／她就能做另一事。 应用: a. 既然我们上远程英语课，而不再因在普通课堂上出错感到难堪， 那我们就能从网上学习中有所收获。 Now that we have taken the online course, instead of feeling embarrassed when making mistakes in the regular class, we can reap some benefits from it. 应用： b. 既然你能从心里上乐于接受新的思维方式，而不再对其视而不见， 那你就有机会跟上时代的潮流。 Now that you can keep your mind open to new ways of thinking, instead of turning a blind eye to them, you stand a good chance to keep up with the flow of the times. 原句3): While my former teacher had been patient with all the students, my new teacher quickly punished those who gave incorrect answers. (L. 9) 句型提炼 While sth / sb is / does…, sth / sb else is / does… : 某事 ／某人……, 而另一事 ／ 另一人…… 应用： a.当事情进展得不顺利时，一些人努力去寻求出路，而另一些人则 压根不去想解决问题的办法。 When things go wrong, some work hard to find a way out while others totally lose the desire to think out any solution to the problem. 应用：b. 在社交中，有人表现出对其承诺的专一,而有人则常常是说话不算 话。 In social contacts, some show a total commitment to their promises while some often back away from theirs. 2. Typical patterns for comparison and contrast: 原句1): Unlike my senior middle school teacher, my college English teachers were patient and kind, and none of them carried long, pointed sticks! (L.16) 句型提炼 Unlike sb. / sth. else(that…), sb. / sth. is / does… 不像另一人/物（……）那样(与另一人/物不同)，某人/物…… 应用: a. 不像一些贪官高高在上那样， 周恩来生前和人民群众建立了难以
忘怀的友谊,从而将永远活在人民的心中 Unlike some corrupt officials who set themselves above the masses Zhou En-lai formed unforgettable friendships with the people during his lifetime thus living forever in their me 应用:b与我在高中时遇到的女孩不同,她很高傲自大,从不正眼看我一眼 Unlike the girls I came across in the senior middle school, she is very self-important, never looking me in the eye RRaJ2): Learning a foreign language has been a most trying experience for me, but one that I wouldn i trade for anything.(L. 44) 句型提炼 Doing sth is a most+adj. experience for sb, but one that he/she would not trade /give/exchange for anything 做某事对某人来说是非常……的经历,但却是一种用什么他/她都 不换的经历 应用:a追求幸福对我来说是非常艰辛的经历,但却是一种用什么我都不换 的经历。 Seeking after happiness has been a most painstaking experience, but ne that I would not trade for anything 应用:b.被别人歧视对我来说是非常难以忍受的经历,但却激励我很多。 Being looked down upon was a most intolerable experience, but one 3. Typical patterns for induction RRGJ1): The most wonderful result of having learned a foreign language was that I could communicate with many more people than before.(L. 47) 句型提炼 The most wonderful result of having done sth./ doing sth. is that…(从句 做某事最令人兴奋的收获/结果是…… 应用:a.在一些大学生看来上大学最令人兴奋的收获是他们学会了如何过一 种罗曼蒂克式的生活。 For some students, the most amazing result of having come to college is that they have learned how to lead a romantic life 应用:b.发动那场战争最令人难以置信的结果是发动者本身成了战败者 The most unbelievable result of having started the war was that the starter himself turned out to be the underdog 应用:c.上网聊天最令人激动的收获是我可以和许多人分享欢乐与幸福 The most exciting result of chatting online is that I can share joy and happiness with many people V. Writing skill a paragraph of cause and effect In passage A the author presents the reader his own language learning experiences for different stages, from junior middle school to online learning And for each stage of learning he describes an effect that results from some causes. This is an example of cause and effect writing which makes clear the reasons why something happens by showing the relation between a cause and it's effect Paragraph 3 is a typical example
8 忘怀的友谊，从而将永远活在人民的心中。 Unlike some corrupt officials who set themselves above the masses, Zhou En-lai formed unforgettable friendships with the people during his lifetime, thus living forever in their memory. 应用: b.与我在高中时遇到的女孩不同,她很高傲自大，从不正眼看我一眼。 Unlike the girls I came across in the senior middle school, she is very self-important, never looking me in the eye. 原句2): Learning a foreign language has been a most trying experience for me, but one that I wouldn’t trade for anything. (L. 44) 句型提炼 Doing sth. is a most + adj. experience for sb., but one that he / she would not trade / give / exchange for anything. 做某事对某人来说是非常……的经历，但却是一种用什么他／她都 不换的经历。 应用： a. 追求幸福对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但却是一种用什么我都不换 的经历。 Seeking after happiness has been a most painstaking experience, but one that I would not trade for anything. 应用：b. 被别人歧视对我来说是非常难以忍受的经历， 但却激励我很多。 Being looked down upon was a most intolerable experience, but one that inspired me a lot. 3. Typical patterns for induction: 原句1): The most wonderful result of having learned a foreign language was that I could communicate with many more people than before. (L. 47) 句型提炼 The most wonderful result of having done sth. / doing sth. is that…(从句) 做某事最令人兴奋的收获／结果是…… 应用: a.在一些大学生看来 上大学最令人兴奋的收获是他们学会了如何过一 种罗曼蒂克式的生活。 For some students, the most amazing result of having come to college is that they have learned how to lead a romantic life. 应用: b. 发动那场战争最令人难以置信的结果是发动者本身成了战败者。 The most unbelievable result of having started the war was that the starter himself turned out to be the underdog. 应用：c. 上网聊天最令人激动的收获是我可以和许多人分享欢乐与幸福。 The most exciting result of chatting online is that I can share joy and happiness with many people. V. Writing Skill A paragraph of cause and effect In passage A the author presents the reader his own language learning experiences for different stages, from junior middle school to online learning. And for each stage of learning he describes an effect that results from some causes. This is an example of cause and effect writing, which makes clear the reasons why something happens by showing the relation between a cause and it’s effect. Paragraph 3 is a typical example:
The topic - My learning experience in senior middle school is different from before When I went to senior middle school, I was eager to continue studying English; however, my experience in senior school was very different from before The cause--- While my former teacher had patient with all students, my new teacher quickly punished those who gave incorrect answers. Whenever we answered incorrectly, she pointed a long stick at us and, shaking it up and down, shouted,“No!No!No!” The effect--- It didnt take me long to lose my eagerness to answer questions. Not only did I lose my joy in answering questions, but also I totally lost my desire to say anything at all in English. Ⅴ L Reading skills The particular reading skill introduced in this unit will help you to find word meanings through many different ways. In the text we list as many as 9 different ways of finding out a word's meaning which you may not be familiar with 1. Some sentences set off(mark off) the definition for a difficult word by using punctuation(标点符号) 2. Sometimes helping words, along with punctuation, provide important clues 3. Some sentences tell the opposite of what a new word means. From its opposite, you can figure out the meaning of the word 4. Sometimes you can use your own experiences to figure out the definition of a word 5. Sentences before or after a sentence that has a difficult word sometimes explain the meaning of the word 6. Some sentences are written just to give the definitions of the difficult words-words that readers will need to know in order to understand what they are 7. Because some sentences give examples for a new word, you can build a definition 8. Some sentences use a word you do know to help explain a word you do not know 9. Word part clues-stems(词干) and affixes(词缀) also help to find out word meaning For example 1. I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students. Because of this positive method, I eagerly answered all the questions I could,never worrying much about making mistakes kind, patient, praise positive 2. Not only did learning another language teach me the value of hard work, but it also gave me insight into another culture, and my mind was opened up to new of my mind was opened up to new ways of seeing things 3. The most wonderful result of having learned a foreign language was that I could communicate with many more people than before. Talking with people is one of my favourite activities Communicate Talking with people
9 The topic --- My learning experience in senior middle school is different from before. When I went to senior middle school, I was eager to continue studying English; however, my experience in senior school was very different from before. The cause--- While my former teacher had patient with all students, my new teacher quickly punished those who gave incorrect answers. Whenever we answered incorrectly, she pointed a long stick at us and, shaking it up and down, shouted, “No! No! No!” The effect--- It didn’t take me long to lose my eagerness to answer questions. Not only did I lose my joy in answering questions, but also I totally lost my desire to say anything at all in English. VI. Reading Skills The particular reading skill introduced in this unit will help you to find word meanings through many different ways. In the text we list as many as 9 different ways of finding out a word’s meaning which you may not be familiar with. 1. Some sentences set off(mark off) the definition for a difficult word by using punctuation(标点符号). 2. Sometimes helping words, along with punctuation, provide important clues. 3. Some sentences tell the opposite of what a new word means. From its opposite, you can figure out the meaning of the word. 4. Sometimes you can use your own experiences to figure out the definition of a word. 5. Sentences before or after a sentence that has a difficult word sometimes explain the meaning of the word. 6. Some sentences are written just to give the definitions of the difficult words—words that readers will need to know in order to understand what they are reading. 7. Because some sentences give examples for a new word, you can build a definition. 8. Some sentences use a word you do know to help explain a word you do not know. 9. Word part clues—stems(词干) and affixes(词缀) also help to find out word meaning. For example: 1. I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students. Because of this positive method, I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes. kind, patient, praise positive 2. Not only did learning another language teach me the value of hard work, but it also gave me insight into another culture, and my mind was opened up to new ways of seeing things insight my mind was opened up to new ways of seeing things 3. The most wonderful result of having learned a foreign language was that I could communicate with many more people than before. Talking with people is one of my favourite activities. Communicate Talking with people
Section B L. Language points 1. play a role in SARs g. The doctors and nurses played a vital role in controlling the spread of 医生和护士在控制非典型肺炎蔓延方面起着非常重要的作用 2. community e.g. the academic community学术界 the black community黑人社区 the European Defense Community欧洲防务共同体 community of tastes/ Interests趣味/利益的一致 e.g. Metals expand with heat and contract with cold金属热胀冷缩。 He expanded his short story into a novel.他把他的一个短篇小说扩写成一部 长篇小说。 She expands her knowledge through extensive reading.她通过广泛阅读增长自 己的知识。 4 be/become aware of e.g. It can not be long before people become aware of the danger of bad living habits to their health.要不了多久,人们就会意识到不良的生活习惯对其健康 的危害 5. forum e.g. They are holding a forum on the new approaches to teaching and learni g 他们正在举行关于英语教学新方法的讨论会。 6. barrier e: g break down/ remove a barrier消除障碍 buld/ erect/ set up/ put up a barrier设置障碍 constitute/form a barrier(to)构成障碍 overcome a barrier克服障碍 Lack of self-confidence is one of the biggest barriers to your success in careers 缺乏自信心是你在职业生涯上取得成功的最大障碍之 This medicine acts as a barrier to the airborne infection of sars 这种药起到防止非典型肺炎通过空气传染的作用。 7. hinde e.g. I'm sorry that some business hindered my answering your letter in time 由于忙于一些事务,未能及时回信为歉。 The differences in politics between the two countries should not hinder them from trading with each other.两国在政治上的分歧不应妨碍双方贸易 往来。 e.g. It is critical that you(should) keep up with the flow of the online course 跟上网络课程的进度十分重要
10 Section B I. Language Points 1. play a role in e.g. The doctors and nurses played a vital role in controlling the spread of SARS. 医生和护士在控制非典型肺炎蔓延方面起着非常重要的作用。 2. community e.g. the academic community 学术界 the black community 黑人社区 the European Defense Community 欧洲防务共同体 community of tastes / interests 趣味／利益的一致 3. expand e.g. Metals expand with heat and contract with cold金属热胀冷缩。 He expanded his short story into a novel. 他把他的一个短篇小说扩写成一部 长篇小说。 She expands her knowledge through extensive reading. 她通过广泛阅读增长自 己的知识。 4. be/become aware of e.g. It can not be long before people become aware of the danger of bad living habits to their health. 要不了多久, 人们就会意识到不良的生活习惯对其健康 的危害. 5. forum e.g. They are holding a forum on the new approaches to teaching and learning English. 他们正在举行关于英语教学新方法的讨论会。 6. barrier e.g. break down / remove a barrier 消除障碍 build / erect/ set up /put up a barrier 设置障碍 constitute / form a barrier (to)构成障碍 overcome a barrier 克服障碍 Lack of self-confidence is one of the biggest barriers to your success in careers. 缺乏自信心是你在职业生涯上取得成功的最大障碍之一。 This medicine acts as a barrier to the airborne infection of SARS. 这种药起到防止非典型肺炎通过空气传染的作用。 7. hinder e.g. I’m sorry that some business hindered my answering your letter in time. 由于忙于一些事务，未能及时回信为歉。 The differences in politics between the two countries should not hinder them from trading with each other. 两国在政治上的分歧不应妨碍双方贸易 往来。 8. critical e.g. It is critical that you (should) keep up with the flow of the online course. 跟上网络课程的进度十分重要