Unit 7 . Background information Kentucky Fried Chicken, known as KFC in the US, is the world's most popular chicken restaurant chain. The company originated and still has its headquarters in the US. It now has more than 30,000 restaurants worldwide. For more information, check out KFCs homepage at http://ww.kfc.com 2. Blakes Thames Blake, William(1757-1827)was an English poet and artist whose best known books of poems are Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. The quotation used in Passage A comes from the first verse of a poem called"London "More information about William Blake canbefoundfromlinksathttp://w.betatesters.com/penn/blakel.htmcoLlectionsofhis workscanbefoundathttp://wnw.blakearchive.oi 3. The Thames The Thames is the main river flowing through London, and England's most important river Formoreinformationcheckoutthewebsiteathttp://nww.riverthames.co.uk 4.911: This is the emergency telephone number in the US and Candada for contacting the police department, the fire department or medical emergency services IL. Text Analysis: Main idea and devices for developing it 1. Main idea of the text? One night two armed young men robbed me of money, watch and even KFC. Next day, I went to look through the mug shots at the police station, affected with the impression that these young men, like a raging current, were eating at the foundations of what we had held 2. Devices for developing it? Narration(叙事法) Example:“ Where' s your money? Where' s your money”(对话) he barked. Everything he said during our encounter was repeated; instinctively, I did the same(#)(Para. “It’ s in my wallet. It' s in my wallet,” I said.(对话)(Para.5) He moved behind me, put his gun on my neck and began to search my trousers pockets.(叙事)(Para6) Description(描写法) Example 1: Just then, his partner appeared. Slight and shorter, he held an enlarged blue steel pistol. His dark eyes shone like polished glass; his arms and legs moved unexpectedly, as if attached to unseen wires. ( Para. 13) Chinese:就在这时,他的同伙出现了。他很瘦小,手持一支加大的蓝色钢制手枪。 他深色的眼睛里闪着光,好似擦亮了的玻璃;他手臂和双腿冷不防地移动着,就 好像是连着看不见的电线似的。(第13段) Example 2: Turning those pages and studying their photographs is like flowing on a
Unit 7 I. Background information： 1．KFC: Kentucky Fried Chicken, known as KFC in the US, is the world’s most popular chicken restaurant chain. The company originated and still has its headquarters in the US. It now has more than 30,000 restaurants worldwide. For more information, check out KFC's homepage at http://www.kfc.com. 2．Blake's Thames: Blake, William (1757 - 1827) was an English poet and artist whose best known books of poems are Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. The quotation used in Passage A comes from the first verse of a poem called “London.” More information about William Blake can be found from links at http://www.betatesters.com/penn/blake1.htm . Collections of his works can be found at http://www.blakearchive.org. 3. The Thames The Thames is the main river flowing through London, and England's most important river. For more information, check out the website at http://www.riverthames.co.uk . 4. 911: This is the emergency telephone number in the US and Candada for contacting the police department, the fire department or medical emergency services. II. Text Analysis: Main idea and devices for developing it 1. Main idea of the text? One night two armed young men robbed me of money, watch and even KFC. Next day, I went to look through the mug shots at the police station, affected with the impression that these young men, like a raging current, were eating at the foundations of what we had held dear. 2. Devices for developing it? Narration (叙事法) Example: “Where’s your money? Where’s your money”(对话) he barked. Everything he said during our encounter was repeated; instinctively, I did the same. (描写) (Para. 4) “It’s in my wallet. It’s in my wallet,” I said. (对话) (Para. 5) He moved behind me, put his gun on my neck and began to search my trousers’ pockets. (叙事) (Para. 6) Description (描写法) Example 1 : Just then, his partner appeared. Slight and shorter, he held an enlarged blue steel pistol. His dark eyes shone like polished glass; his arms and legs moved unexpectedly, as if attached to unseen wires. (Para. 13) Chinese: 就在这时，他的同伙出现了。他很瘦小，手持一支加大的蓝色钢制手枪。 他深色的眼睛里闪着光，好似擦亮了的玻璃；他手臂和双腿冷不防地移动着，就 好像是连着看不见的电线似的。（第 13 段） Example 2: Turning those pages and studying their photographs is like flowing on a
sad current that, like Blake's Thames, seems to "mark in every face, marks weakness marks of woe. ( Para. 32) Chinese:一张张翻看并硏读这些照片,仿佛漂流在一条令人伤心的河流上,就像 身处英国诗人布莱克笔下的泰晤士河畔,似乎“看见每一个过往行人满脸饥色, 满脸愁苦”。(第32段) Dialogue(对话法) Example 1:(Para. 7-11)"Where's your wallet? he asked It's in my back pocket” "Wheres the rest of your money? "I dont have any more money. Wheres your watch Chinese:“你的钱包呢?”他问。 “在后面的口袋里。” “还有呢? “我就这么多钱了。” 你的手表呢?” (第7到11段) Example 2:(Para 20-23)What's this? the big one asked I rolled my head to the right It's KFC chickens. " I said We ll take it, the big one snap Chinese:“这是什么?”大个子问道。 我把头转向右边 “是肯德基炸鸡,”我说 “我们把它带走,”大个子厉声说道。(第20到23段) 3. Main idea of each part and devices for developing it? Part I(Para. 1): Main idea: In spite of my caution, someone attacked me Devices for developing it: Description of sequential actions 动作顺序法) Key words: being cautious; scan the street before pulling in; walking out of the garage, a man emerged and put his gun at me Example: Like most city folks, I'm cautious I scan the street and pathways for anything-or anyone- unusual before pulling into the garage. That night was no exception. But, as I walked out of the garage, KFC chicken in hand, a portly, unshaven young man in a stocking cap and dark nylon jacket emerged from the shrub by the parking pad and put his pistol between my eyes Chinese:和大多数城里人一样,我非常小心谨慎。在把车开进车库前,我 会扫视街道和周围的小路,看看有没有异常的人或东西。那天晚上也 不例外。可是当我手里拿着肯德基炸鸡走出车库时,一个肥壮、留着 短髭、头戴绒线帽、身穿深色尼龙夹克的年轻人从停车处旁边的灌木 丛中钻出来,把手枪顶在我的双眼之间。 Part ll(Para 2-27): Main idea: I was robbed by two young men, losing my money, watch and chicken
sad current that, like Blake’s Thames, seems to “mark in every face, marks weakness, marks of woe.”(Para. 32) Chinese: 一张张翻看并研读这些照片，仿佛漂流在一条令人伤心的河流上，就像 身处英国诗人布莱克笔下的泰晤士河畔，似乎“看见每一个过往行人满脸饥色， 满脸愁苦” 。（第 32 段） Dialogue (对话法) Example 1: (Para. 7-11) “Where’s your wallet?” he asked. “It’s in my back pocket.” “Where’s the rest of your money?” “I don’t have any more money.” “Where’s your watch?” Chinese: “你的钱包呢？” 他问。 “在后面的口袋里。” “还有呢？” “我就这么多钱了。” “你的手表呢？” （第 7 到 11 段） Example 2: (Para 20-23) “What’s this?” the big one asked. I rolled my head to the right. “It’s KFC chickens,” I said. “We’ll take it,” the big one snapped. Chinese: “这是什么？” 大个子问道。 我把头转向右边。 “是肯德基炸鸡，”我说。 “我们把它带走，”大个子厉声说道。（第 20 到 23 段） 3. Main idea of each part and devices for developing it? Part I (Para. 1): Main idea: In spite of my caution, someone attacked me. Devices for developing it: Description of sequential actions (动作顺序法) Key words: being cautious; scan the street before pulling in; walking out of the garage; a man emerged and put his gun at me Example: Like most city folks, I’m cautious. I scan the street and pathways for anything— or anyone— unusual before pulling into the garage. That night was no exception. But, as I walked out of the garage, KFC chicken in hand, a portly, unshaven young man in a stocking cap and dark nylon jacket emerged from the shrub by the parking pad and put his pistol between my eyes. Chinese: 和大多数城里人一样，我非常小心谨慎。在把车开进车库前，我 会扫视街道和周围的小路，看看有没有异常的人或东西。那天晚上也 不例外。可是当我手里拿着肯德基炸鸡走出车库时，一个肥壮、留着 短髭、头戴绒线帽、身穿深色尼龙夹克的年轻人从停车处旁边的灌木 丛中钻出来，把手枪顶在我的双眼之间。 Part II (Para.2-27): Main idea: I was robbed by two young men, losing my money, watch and chicken
Devices for developing it: Combination of narration-description-dialogue (叙事-描写-对话结合法) Example: His voice snapped," Stop looking at us. Stop looking at us."(描写-对话)He wasnt stupid. Ive seen enough criminal trials to know victims of armed attacks are seldom able to identify their offenders because their attention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users. I consciously noted details of their faces.(描写)”I' m not looking at you,” I lied as the big one ripped the watch from my wrist.(对话叙事)“ Get down. Get down;” the thin one ordered. He grabbed my glasses and tossed them onto the lawn(对话叙事) Chinese:他厉声说道,“不许朝我们看,不许朝我们看。”(描写-对话)他并不 蠢。我看过许多刑事审判,因而知道在那些武装袭击的受害者中,很少 有人能够辨认出那些袭击他们的人,因为他们的注意力全集中在枪上, 而没有放在持枪人身上。我有意识地留意了一下他们面部的细节。(描 写)“我没有看你们。”当那个大个子劫匪把手表从我的手腕上扯下来 时,我撒了个谎。(对话叙事)“趴下,趴下,”那小个子命令我, 并一把摘下了我的眼镜,把它扔到了草坪上。 对话-叙事) Part Ill(Para. 28-30): Main idea: Back at home, I reported the robbery to the police and hey inquired into the Analysis: The set of actions leading to the main idea: got up, foud y Devices for developing it: Description of sequential actions(动作顺序法) e keys, entered is house and called 911; the police took a note and sent a police car; had a drink, the policemen came and took; he reported to the police Part IV(Para. 31-34): Main idea: When looking through the mug shots at the station, I began to reflect on the damages these young people have done to our society. Devices for developing it: Description(iE)description of my feelings and reflections Example: Para.33(Description of my reflection) Together, these young men are a kind of river-- one that is out of control, eating at the foundations of things we hold dear: our freedom to move about the fruits of labor; our own lives and those of people we value. Some day,we will have to face this river and seek the depths of its discontent Chinese:这些年轻人聚合在一起构成了一条河流一一条已经失去控制的河流,这 条河流正吞噬着我们所珍视的东西的基础:我们的行动自由:我们的劳动 果实;我们的生命,以及那些我们尊敬的人的生命。总有一天,我们将不 得不面对这条河流,并探索其对现实不满的深层原因 III. Expressions Patterns Expressions 1. face to face(with):面对面的/地 e.g. They've had a lot of online chatting, but they never had a face-to-face conversation 他们常常在网上交谈,但从来没有过面谈 2. to scan the street and pathways for anything(L.1)扫视街道与小路看看 e.g With a newspaper on hand, many young men first scan it for the names of their
Devices for developing it: Combination of narration-description-dialogue (叙事-描写-对话结合法) Example: His voice snapped, “Stop looking at us. Stop looking at us.”(描写-对话) He wasn’t stupid. I’ve seen enough criminal trials to know victims of armed attacks are seldom able to identify their offenders because their attention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users. I consciously noted details of their faces. (描写) ” I’m not looking at you,” I lied as the big one ripped the watch from my wrist.(对话-叙事) “Get down. Get down,” the thin one ordered. He grabbed my glasses and tossed them onto the lawn.(对话-叙事) Chinese： 他厉声说道，“不许朝我们看，不许朝我们看。” (描写-对话) 他并不 蠢。我看过许多刑事审判，因而知道在那些武装袭击的受害者中，很少 有人能够辨认出那些袭击他们的人，因为他们的注意力全集中在枪上， 而没有放在持枪人身上。我有意识地留意了一下他们面部的细节。 (描 写) “我没有看你们。”当那个大个子劫匪把手表从我的手腕上扯下来 时，我撒了个谎。 (对话-叙事) “趴下，趴下，” 那小个子命令我， 并一把摘下了我的眼镜，把它扔到了草坪上。 (对话-叙事) Part III (Para.28-30): Main idea: Back at home, I reported the robbery to the police and they inquired into the case. Devices for developing it: Description of sequential actions (动作顺序法) Analysis: The set of actions leading to the main idea: got up, found the keys, entered his house and called 911; the police took a note and sent a police car; had a drink, the policemen came and took; he reported to the police Part IV (Para.31-34): Main idea: When looking through the mug shots at the station, I began to reflect on the damages these young people have done to our society. Devices for developing it: Description (描写法)-- description of my feelings and reflections Example: Para.33 (Description of my reflection) Together, these young men are a kind of river--- one that is out of control, eating at the foundations of things we hold dear: our freedom to move about; the fruits of labor; our own lives and those of people we value. Some day, we will have to face this river and seek the depths of its discontent. Chinese：这些年轻人聚合在一起构成了一条河流—一条已经失去控制的河流，这 条河流正吞噬着我们所珍视的东西的基础：我们的行动自由；我们的劳动 果实；我们的生命，以及那些我们尊敬的人的生命。总有一天，我们将不 得不面对这条河流，并探索其对现实不满的深层原因。 III. Expressions & Patterns Expressions 1. face to face (with): 面对面的/地 e.g. They've had a lot of online chatting, but they never had a face-to-face conversation. 他们常常在网上交谈,但从来没有过面谈。 2. to scan the street and pathways for anything… (L. 1): 扫视街道与小路看看… e.g. With a newspaper on hand, many young men first scan it for the names of their
favorite stars, and then glance at the other news 拿到报纸,许多年轻人首先要找他们喜欢的明x星的名字,然后才会浏览其它 消息。 3. to be no exception(L.2):…也不例外 e.g. To err is human, and nobody can be an exception 人都会出错,没有人例外。 4. to emerge from the shrub(L.4):从灌木丛中钻出来 e.g. Finally, the truth emerged from behind the numerous confusing facts and materials 真相终于从大量纷乱的事实与材料之中显露出来 5 to be cautious of(L1):对……谨慎的(非常小心的:细心的) e.g As the examples of their children, parents need to be cautious of their behaviors and 作为自己孩子的榜样,父母言行需谨慎 6. to pull into(L.2):(车)停靠,驶向(一旁) e.g. The bus pulled into the opening at the side of the road to let the cars pass 公交车开到路边的空地上,让那些小汽车通过 7.asif(L23):似乎,仿佛 e.g. She opened her lips as if to say something but stopped 她张了张嘴,欲言又止。 8. to attach….to(L23):系在……上,连接到… e. g. Attach the handle to the box 把这个把手装到箱子上 9. to focus on(L.26)集中(于某事物) eg I don't know why I am so tired that I can not focus my attention on anything in class 我不知道今天怎么这么累,在课堂上注意力怎么也集中不起来 10. rather than(L27):而不,不愿, e.g. I think i'll have a cold drink rather than coffee 我想要一杯冷饮,而不是咖啡。 eg I want to see a funny program but not a serious one. I enjoy laughing rather than ying 我想看轻松的节目,而不是严肃的节目。我喜欢笑而不是哭。 11. to have mercy on sb.(L.33):可怜某人 e.g. The seized soldier appealed to his enemy to ha percy on him 被俘的士兵乞求敌人宽恕他 12. to turn to(L.41):转向(求助于) e.g. Turning to drink to free you of worries tends to make your mood worse 借酒浇愁愁更愁 13. to get to one'sfet(L.45):站起来 e.g. It is a custom in China to get to one's feet to greet visitors 站起来迎接客人是中国人的习俗 14. to look through(L.52)浏览,仔细查看 e.g. I'll look through my notes but I don' t think I have a record of his name 我会仔细看一下我的笔记,可我觉得我没有记下他的名字
favorite stars, and then glance at the other news. 拿到报纸，许多年轻人首先要找他们喜欢的明 x 星的名字，然后才会浏览其它 消息。 3. to be no exception (L. 2): … 也不例外 e.g. To err is human, and nobody can be an exception. 人都会出错，没有人例外。 4. to emerge from the shrub (L. 4): 从灌木丛中钻出来 e.g. Finally, the truth emerged from behind the numerous confusing facts and materials. 真相终于从大量纷乱的事实与材料之中显露出来。 5. to be cautious of (L.1): 对……谨慎的(非常小心的；细心的) e.g. As the examples of their children, parents need to be cautious of their behaviors and speeches. 作为自己孩子的榜样，父母言行需谨慎。 6. to pull into (L. 2): （车）停靠，驶向（一旁） e.g. The bus pulled into the opening at the side of the road to let the cars pass. 公交车开到路边的空地上，让那些小汽车通过。 7．as if (L. 23)：似乎，仿佛 e.g. She opened her lips as if to say something but stopped . 她张了张嘴，欲言又止。 8. to attach … to (L.23): 系在……上，连接到…… e.g. Attach the handle to the box. 把这个把手装到箱子上。 9. to focus on (L. 26): 集中（于某事物） e.g. I don’t know why I am so tired that I can not focus my attention on anything in class today. 我不知道今天怎么这么累，在课堂上注意力怎么也集中不起来。 10. rather than (L 27): 而不，不愿， e.g. I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想要一杯冷饮，而不是咖啡。 e.g. I want to see a funny program but not a serious one. I enjoy laughing rather than crying. 我想看轻松的节目，而不是严肃的节目。我喜欢笑而不是哭。 11．to have mercy on sb. (L. 33): 可怜某人 e.g. The seized soldier appealed to his enemy to have mercy on him. 被俘的士兵乞求敌人宽恕他。 12．to turn to (L. 41): 转向(求助于)… e.g. Turning to drink to free you of worries tends to make your mood worse. 借酒浇愁愁更愁。 13. to get to one’s feet (L. 45): 站起来 e.g. It is a custom in China to get to one’s feet to greet visitors. 站起来迎接客人是中国人的习俗。 14. to look through (L. 52): 浏览，仔细查看 e.g. I’ll look through my notes but I don’t think I have a record of his name. 我会仔细看一下我的笔记，可我觉得我没有记下他的名字
e.g. Look through your examination paper for any small mistakes before you hand it in 交卷前,好好检查一下你的试卷,看看有没有小错 15. to be out of control(L.59):失去控制 e.g. The fire is burning out of control 火势已经失去控制 l6. to eat(away)at(L.59):逐渐毁掉,侵蚀 e.g. The river is eating away at the bank 这条河流正慢慢侵蚀着河堤 17. to hold sb/sth.dear(L.60):极爱某人或某物 e.g. Honor and opportunity in life I hold dear; morality and principle I hold dearer. 我珍爱生活中的荣誉与机遇,但更珍视生活中的道义与原则 l8. to seek the depths of its discontent(L.61):探索其对现实不满的深层原因 e.g Sociologists are working hard to seek the depths of the increasing rate of violence crime among youngsters 社会学家们正在努力探索青少年暴力犯罪率不断上升的深层原因 Patterns for you to use as model 1. Typical patterns for concurrence Example 1: As I spoke, I set the kfC box on the planter beside the pathway..(L. 7) 句型提炼: As sb did sth, sb/someone else did sth else. 应用:a.警察从前门冲进大楼的时候,这群小偷从后门逃走了。 As the police were entering the building from the front entrance, the thieves escaped through the back door b.警察一边喊着:“不许动!”,一边拔枪。 As he shouted: Freeze!", the policeman pulled out his pistol Example 2:"Here, I replied, extending my left arm sideways. (L. 19) 句型提炼: Sb does/did sth, doing sth else. 应用:a妻子一边开门,一边说她再也不回这个家了 The wife opened the door, saying she would never return to this home b.父亲一边威胁着要教训他不争气的儿子,一边举起了手中的鞭子。 The father threatened to teach his shameful son a good lesson, raising the whip in his hand 2. Typical patterns for simile Example 1: His dark eyes shone like polished glass. (L. 22) Example 2: Turning those pages and studying their photographs is like flowing on a sad current.(L. 56) 句型提炼: Sb/sth does sth like sth.某人/某物做某事,好像/好似…一样。 Doing sth is like/ just the same as( doing) sth else.做某事仿佛(做)另一件事一 样 应用:a.她漂亮的长发从肩头垂下,好似一条黑色的瀑布 Her beautiful long hair fell down over her shoulders like a black waterfall. b学如逆水行舟,不进则退。 Learning is like rowing upstream; you either struggle forward or drop behind 3. Typical patterns for suggestion Example: Presently, all we can do is look at smug shots and stick our fingers in the dam
e.g. Look through your examination paper for any small mistakes before you hand it in. 交卷前，好好检查一下你的试卷，看看有没有小错。 15. to be out of control (L. 59): 失去控制 e.g. The fire is burning out of control. 火势已经失去控制。 16. to eat (away) at (L. 59): 逐渐毁掉，侵蚀 e.g. The river is eating away at the bank. 这条河流正慢慢侵蚀着河堤。 17. to hold sb./sth. dear (L. 60): 极爱某人或某物 e.g. Honor and opportunity in life I hold dear; morality and principle I hold dearer. 我珍爱生活中的荣誉与机遇，但更珍视生活中的道义与原则。 18. to seek the depths of its discontent (L. 61): 探索其对现实不满的深层原因 e.g. Sociologists are working hard to seek the depths of the increasing rate of violence crime among youngsters. 社会学家们正在努力探索青少年暴力犯罪率不断上升的深层原因。 Patterns for you to use as models 1. Typical patterns for concurrence: Example 1: As I spoke, I set the KFC box on the planter beside the pathway…. (L. 7) 句型提炼: As sb did sth, sb/someone else did sth else. 应用: a. 警察从前门冲进大楼的时候，这群小偷从后门逃走了。 As the police were entering the building from the front entrance, the thieves escaped through the back door. b. 警察一边喊着：“不许动！”， 一边拔枪。 As he shouted: “Freeze!”, the policeman pulled out his pistol. Example 2: “Here,” I replied, extending my left arm sideways. (L. 19) 句型提炼: Sb does/did sth, doing sth else. 应用: a. 妻子一边开门，一边说她再也不回这个家了。 The wife opened the door, saying she would never return to this home. b. 父亲一边威胁着要教训他不争气的儿子，一边举起了手中的鞭子。 The father threatened to teach his shameful son a good lesson, raising the whip in his hand. 2. Typical patterns for simile Example 1: His dark eyes shone like polished glass. (L. 22) Example 2:Turning those pages and studying their photographs is like flowing on a sad current … (L. 56) 句型提炼: Sb/Sth does sth like sth. 某人/某物做某事，好像/好似…一样。 Doing sth is like / just the same as (doing) sth else.做某事仿佛(做)另一件事一 样。 应用: a. 她漂亮的长发从肩头垂下，好似一条黑色的瀑布。 Her beautiful long hair fell down over her shoulders like a black waterfall. b. 学如逆水行舟，不进则退。 Learning is like rowing upstream; you either struggle forward or drop behind. 3. Typical patterns for suggestion Example: Presently, all we can do is look at smug shots and stick our fingers in the dam
(L63) 句型提炼:A!(that) sb could/ can do is(to) do sth.某人所能做的事是… 应用:a.作为大学生,你现在所能做的事情就是全身心地获取知识 As a student, all you' ve got to do now at college is to put all your heart into acquiring b.在抗击非典的战斗中,一个普通公民所能做的就是坚守岗位,更加努力地工作。 During the battle against SARS, all an ordinary citizen could do was stick to his /her post and work hard VI Reading skills 1 Introduction: Reading between the lines Reading between the lines means drawing understanding about the author's ideas from what is written and from what is not written Writers don't always express all their thoughts openly, either as a matter of style, or because they assume we know and share their opinions-or because they arent sure how to express themselves To draw inferences about the author's ideas we have to be very careful with what 1)You have to make use of context clues, common sense and our knowledge of the world 2)Connect ideas and draw conclusion from the reading passage 3)Form and test what you have understood between the lines. The reading act is a two-way communication between the reader and the writer about understanding, forming ideas, testing your ideas and understanding and, finally, you are able to get what the writer is driving at or communicating 2. Examples: now here are some more examples taken from passage A 1."Hey, " I said, " just take it. As I spoke, I set the KfC box on the planter beside the pathway, contriving as I did so to toss my house keys into a bush. (Para. 3, Passage A) Question: Why did the writer toss his house keys into a bush? Possible answer: He would not let the robbers to have his keys to the house 2. He wasn,t stupid. I,ve seen enough criminal trials to know victims of armed attacks are seldom able to identify their offenders because their attention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users. I consciously noted details of their faces.( Para. 15, Passage A) Question: Do you think the writer was stupid, too? Possible answer: No. the writer was careful enough to note details of the robbers so that he could identify them later if possible Section B . language points 1. advocate:vt.主张,倡导 e.g. People running for president often advocate reducing taxes
(L. 63) 句型提炼: All (that) sb could/can do is (to) do sth. 某人所能做的事是…… 应用: a. 作为大学生，你现在所能做的事情就是全身心地获取知识。 As a student, all you’ve got to do now at college is to put all your heart into acquiring knowledge. b. 在抗击非典的战斗中，一个普通公民所能做的就是坚守岗位，更加努力地工作。 During the battle against SARS, all an ordinary citizen could do was stick to his / her post and work harder. VI. Reading Skills 1. Introduction：Reading Between the Lines Reading between the lines means drawing understanding about the author's ideas from what is written and from what is not written. Writers don't always express all their thoughts openly, either as a matter of style, or because they assume we know and share their opinions-or because they aren't sure how to express themselves. To draw inferences about the author's ideas we have to be very careful with what is advised. 1) You have to make use of context clues, common sense and our knowledge of the world 2) Connect ideas and draw conclusion from the reading passage 3) Form and test what you have understood between the lines. The reading act is a two-way communication between the reader and the writer about understanding, forming ideas, testing your ideas during the reading of the passage, correcting or changing your own ideas and understanding and, finally, you are able to get what the writer is driving at or communicating. 2. Examples: now here are some more examples taken from passage A. 1. “Hey,” I said, “just take it.” As I spoke, I set the KFC box on the planter beside the pathway, contriving as I did so to toss my house keys into a bush. (Para. 3, Passage A) Question: Why did the writer toss his house keys into a bush? Possible answer: He would not let the robbers to have his keys to the house. 2. He wasn’t stupid. I’ve seen enough criminal trials to know victims of armed attacks are seldom able to identify their offenders because their attention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users. I consciously noted details of their faces. (Para. 15, Passage A) Question: Do you think the writer was stupid, too? Possible answer: No. The writer was careful enough to note details of the robbers so that he could identify them later if possible. Section B I. language points 1. advocate: vt. 主张，倡导 e.g. People running for president often advocate reducing taxes
竞选总统的人往往主张减税 gnorance:n.无知,不了解 e.g. Someone who has little official education may show ignorance of history, but be very knowledgeable about practical matters 一些没有受过正规教育的人可能对历史一无所知,但对于实际的事情却知道很多 e.g. Sometimes children do dangerous things out of ignorance 有时孩子们出于无知会做出些危险的事情。 3. Previous:a先前的,之前的 e.g. He said during the previous year the company suffered heavy losses. 他说在过去的一年中公司损失很大。 4. Immune to:对.不在意,不受影响 e.g. The president seems to be immune to complaints 总统似乎对批评毫不在意。 5 be affected by:受,影响 e.g. The president said that his governments stand would not be affected by outside pressure 总统说外界压力不能改变他的政府的立场。 6. be capable of:有能力做某事 e.g. He is capable of doing these experiments 他能做这些实验 7. Intention:n.目的,意图 e.g. If I hurt your feelings, it was without intention 如果我伤害了你的感情,那不是有意的。 e.g. I went to New York with the intention of seeing my brother 我去纽约为的是看望我兄弟 8. omit: v.排除,删除 e.g. The news article omitted some important details 这篇新闻报道有意删除了一些重要的细节。 9 reveal:.反映,透露,披露 e.g. Some women do not want to reveal their true ages 有些妇女不愿透露她们的真实年龄 10. at the sight of:一看见,一看到 e.g. She cried at the sight of dogs 她一看见狗就叫了起来 ll.bet:V.打赌,下赌注,肯定 e.g. Did you bet on the winner of the World Cup football game? 你在世界杯足球赛的获胜球队上下赌注了没有? e.g. You will succeed, I be 我肯定你会成功 IIL. Translation Passage B 在手枪胁迫之下 和大多数城里人一样,我非常小心谨慎。在把车开进车库前,我会扫视街道
竞选总统的人往往主张减税。 2. Ignorance: n. 无知，不了解 e.g. Someone who has little official education may show ignorance of history, but be very knowledgeable about practical matters. 一些没有受过正规教育的人可能对历史一无所知，但对于实际的事情却知道很多。 e.g. Sometimes children do dangerous things out of ignorance. 有时孩子们出于无知会做出些危险的事情。 3. Previous: a. 先前的，之前的 e.g. He said during the previous year the company suffered heavy losses. 他说在过去的一年中公司损失很大。 4. immune to: 对…不在意，不受…影响 e.g. The president seems to be immune to complaints. 总统似乎对批评毫不在意。 5. be affected by: 受…影响 e.g. The president said that his government’s stand would not be affected by outside pressure. 总统说外界压力不能改变他的政府的立场。 6. be capable of: 有能力做某事 e.g. He is capable of doing these experiments. 他能做这些实验。 7. intention: n. 目的，意图 e.g. If I hurt your feelings, it was without intention. 如果我伤害了你的感情，那不是有意的。 e.g. I went to New York with the intention of seeing my brother. 我去纽约为的是看望我兄弟。 8. omit: v. 排除，删除 e.g. The news article omitted some important details. 这篇新闻报道有意删除了一些重要的细节。 9. reveal: v. 反映，透露，披露 e.g. Some women do not want to reveal their true ages. 有些妇女不愿透露她们的真实年龄。 10. at the sight of: 一看见，一看到 e.g. She cried at the sight of dogs. 她一看见狗就叫了起来。 11. bet: v. 打赌，下赌注，肯定 e.g. Did you bet on the winner of the World Cup football game? 你在世界杯足球赛的获胜球队上下赌注了没有？ e.g. You will succeed, I bet. 我肯定你会成功。 III. Translation Passage B 在手枪胁迫之下 和大多数城里人一样，我非常小心谨慎。在把车开进车库前，我会扫视街道
和周围的小路,看看有没有异常的人或东西。那天晚上也不例外。可是当我手里 拿着肯德基炸鸡走出车库时,一个肥壮、留着短髭、头戴绒线帽、身穿深色尼龙 夹克的年轻人从停车处旁边的灌木丛中钻出来,把手枪顶在我的双眼之间 “交出来,他妈的-,”他威胁道,“交出来。” 嗨,”我说,“拿去吧。”我一边说,一边把肯德基快餐盒放在小路旁边的 播种机上,同时设法把我房子的钥匙扔进灌木丛中。 你的钱呢?你的钱呢?”他吼道。在我们遭遇的过程中,他会重复自己说 的每一句话:出于本能,我也同样重复着自己的话。 “在我钱包里,在我钱包里,”我说。 他走到我的背后,把枪顶在我的脖子上,开始搜我的裤子口袋 你的钱包呢?”他问。 “在后面的口袋里。 “还有呢?” 我就这么多钱了。” “你的手表呢?” “在这儿,”我边回答边把左臂伸向路旁。 就在这时,他的同伙出现了。他很瘦小,手持一只加大的蓝色钢制手枪。他 深色的眼睛里闪着光,好似擦亮了的玻璃:他手臂和双腿冷不防的移动着,就好 像是连着看不见的电线似的 他厉声说道,“不许朝我们看,不许朝我们看。 他并不蠢。我看过许多刑事审判,因而知道在那些武装袭击的受害者中,很 少有人能够辨认出袭击他们的人,因为他们的注意力全集中在抢上,而没有放在 持枪人上。我有意识的留意了一下他们面部的细节 我没有看你们。”当那个大个子劫匪把手表从我的手腕上扯下来时,我撒 了个谎 “趴下,趴下,”那小个子命令我,并已把摘下了我的眼镜,把它扔到草坪 上 这时,我已面朝下趴在了地上,地上的尘土紧贴着我的前额。那个大个子劫 匪用枪顶着我的后脑勺,小个子用手枪顶着我左边的太阳穴 我当时想,“这下完了,他们就要杀死莱斯利了。主啊,可怜可怜我这个有 罪的人吧。” “这是什么?”大个子问道 我把头转向右边。 “是肯德基炸鸡,”我说。 “我们把它带走,”大个子厉声说道。 接着,突然间-劫匪们手里拿着钱包、手表和炸鸡--他们的脚步声消失在了 黑暗的街道上。 我转过身,看见他们的影子钻进了一辆汽车,急速的开走了。 他们没有杀我,但他们为什么这么做呢?是仁慈?是因为时间太紧顾不上? 还是因为饥饿? “多奇怪啊,”我心中暗道,“竟然是炸鸡救了我的命。当时我看见了死亡, 而他们看见了食物 我站起身来,找到了钥匙,进了屋,然后拨通了911。接线员记下了我对劫 匪的描述,然后派了辆警车来。我刚为自己倒了一杯烈性酒,两个穿制服的洛杉
和周围的小路，看看有没有异常的人或东西。那天晚上也不例外。可是当我手里 拿着肯德基炸鸡走出车库时，一个肥壮、留着短髭、头戴绒线帽、身穿深色尼龙 夹克的年轻人从停车处旁边的灌木丛中钻出来，把手枪顶在我的双眼之间。 “交出来，他妈的---，”他威胁道，“交出来。” “嗨，”我说，“拿去吧。”我一边说，一边把肯德基快餐盒放在小路旁边的 播种机上，同时设法把我房子的钥匙扔进灌木丛中。 “你的钱呢？你的钱呢？”他吼道。在我们遭遇的过程中，他会重复自己说 的每一句话；出于本能，我也同样重复着自己的话。 “在我钱包里，在我钱包里，”我说。 他走到我的背后，把枪顶在我的脖子上，开始搜我的裤子口袋。 “你的钱包呢？”他问。 “在后面的口袋里。” “还有呢？” “我就这么多钱了。” “你的手表呢？” “在这儿，”我边回答边把左臂伸向路旁。 就在这时，他的同伙出现了。他很瘦小，手持一只加大的蓝色钢制手枪。他 深色的眼睛里闪着光，好似擦亮了的玻璃；他手臂和双腿冷不防的移动着，就好 像是连着看不见的电线似的。 他厉声说道，“不许朝我们看，不许朝我们看。” 他并不蠢。我看过许多刑事审判，因而知道在那些武装袭击的受害者中，很 少有人能够辨认出袭击他们的人，因为他们的注意力全集中在抢上，而没有放在 持枪人上。我有意识的留意了一下他们面部的细节。 “我没有看你们。”当那个大个子劫匪把手表从我的手腕上扯下来时，我撒 了个谎。 “趴下，趴下，”那小个子命令我，并已把摘下了我的眼镜，把它扔到草坪 上。 这时，我已面朝下趴在了地上，地上的尘土紧贴着我的前额。那个大个子劫 匪用枪顶着我的后脑勺，小个子用手枪顶着我左边的太阳穴。 我当时想，“这下完了，他们就要杀死莱斯利了。主啊，可怜可怜我这个有 罪的人吧。” “这是什么？”大个子问道。 我把头转向右边。 “是肯德基炸鸡，”我说。 “我们把它带走，”大个子厉声说道。 接着，突然间---劫匪们手里拿着钱包、手表和炸鸡---他们的脚步声消失在了 黑暗的街道上。 我转过身，看见他们的影子钻进了一辆汽车，急速的开走了。 他们没有杀我，但他们为什么这么做呢？是仁慈？是因为时间太紧顾不上？ 还是因为饥饿？ “多奇怪啊，”我心中暗道，“竟然是炸鸡救了我的命。当时我看见了死亡， 而他们看见了食物。” 我站起身来，找到了钥匙，进了屋，然后拨通了 911。接线员记下了我对劫 匪的描述，然后派了辆警车来。我刚为自己倒了一杯烈性酒，两个穿制服的洛杉
矶警察局的警察就到了。他们对此事作了笔录,说,“幸好,没有伤人。” 但是,”临走时一个警察对我说,“他们拿走了你的炸鸡,这也实在太不像 话了 后来,一个警察打电话过来询问另外一些细节。他说这两个劫匪的作案手法 表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的肇事者。他让我到警察局 去看一下疑犯的照片。 于是,上周一我翻看了数本大大小小的照片簿,多数是年轻人的-令人惊讶 的是其中有相当一部分实际上还是孩子。 张张翻看并硏读这些照片,仿佛漂流在一条让人伤心的河流上,就象身处 英国诗人布莱克笔下的泰晤士河畔,似乎“看见每一个过往行人都是满脸饥色, 满脸愁苦”。 这些年轻人聚合在一起构成了一条河流--一条已失去控制的河流,这条河 流正吞噬着我们所珍视的东西的基础:我们的行动自由;我们的劳动果实;我们 的生命,以及那些我们尊敬的人的生命。总有一天,我们将不得不面对这条河流 并探索其对现实不满的深层原因。而目前,我们所能做的就是看看罪犯的照片, 帮参与到构筑抑制犯罪的大坝中去 Passage B 我应持枪吗? 我有一只黑色手枪,手柄是棕色的。手枪就搁在我的床头,里面装着五颗子弹, 并且总是上了膛的。 我一贯主张控制枪支,奇怪的是我现在依然主张控制枪支。以前我没有枪,并 不是因为我对有关犯罪的统计资料不了解,也不是因为我自认为可以不受暴力的 袭击。 以前我认为自己不相信暴力,我自己也不粗暴,所以我不会受到暴力的袭击。 我还认为我对人性本善的信念会让这一假想成为现实 我应该把枪从住所带到车上,但是我没有。这支枪的功能,以及使用它的目的 比用它所能阻止的事件更让我感到恐惧。如果我带着枪的时候遭到了袭击,那我 就必须用它来杀人,而不仅仅是伤人。 我曾想象自己遭遇歹徒的袭击,不是真的遇到了此事。一名男子在街上走着 这时我锁上车,朝公寓走去,手里拿着钥匙准备开门。还没有走到门口,我隐隐 约约听到一个声音在说钱。”还没打开门,我又听到了一个声音,然后我转过身, 看到那个人手里拿着枪站在我的面前。 他很害怕。我很担心我会吓着他,从而导致他朝我开枪。我还担心我把钱给他 以后,他还是朝我开枪。同时我很生气,因为用枪指着我的竟然是一个我从来没 有见过、也从未伤害过的人 我想象的这起抢劫案中有某种东西令我很不安,一种我不愿承认的东西,一种 我因为羞愧而故意略去不提的东西。 我为什么会想象自己遭遇到一个男子的抢劫,这一点我很明白:他们身体上占 有优势,而且我也没听说有谁遭到一个女子的抢劫 但为什么这个人是个黑人呢?又为什么偏偏是个身穿破旧T恤,两眼发亮的 黑人男子而不是个白人呢?
矶警察局的警察就到了。他们对此事作了笔录，说，“幸好，没有伤人。” “但是，”临走时一个警察对我说，“他们拿走了你的炸鸡，这也实在太不像 话了。” 后来，一个警察打电话过来询问另外一些细节。他说这两个劫匪的作案手法 表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的肇事者。他让我到警察局 去看一下疑犯的照片。 于是，上周一我翻看了数本大大小小的照片簿，多数是年轻人的---令人惊讶 的是其中有相当一部分实际上还是孩子。 一张张翻看并研读这些照片，仿佛漂流在一条让人伤心的河流上，就象身处 英国诗人布莱克笔下的泰晤士河畔，似乎“看见每一个过往行人都是满脸饥色， 满脸愁苦”。 这些年轻人聚合在一起构成了一条河流----一条已失去控制的河流，这条河 流正吞噬着我们所珍视的东西的基础：我们的行动自由；我们的劳动果实；我们 的生命，以及那些我们尊敬的人的生命。总有一天，我们将不得不面对这条河流， 并探索其对现实不满的深层原因。而目前，我们所能做的就是看看罪犯的照片， 帮参与到构筑抑制犯罪的大坝中去。 Passage B 我应持枪吗？ 我有一只黑色手枪，手柄是棕色的。手枪就搁在我的床头，里面装着五颗子弹， 并且总是上了膛的。 我一贯主张控制枪支，奇怪的是我现在依然主张控制枪支。以前我没有枪，并 不是因为我对有关犯罪的统计资料不了解，也不是因为我自认为可以不受暴力的 袭击。 以前我认为自己不相信暴力，我自己也不粗暴，所以我不会受到暴力的袭击。 我还认为我对人性本善的信念会让这一假想成为现实。 我应该把枪从住所带到车上，但是我没有。这支枪的功能，以及使用它的目的 比用它所能阻止的事件更让我感到恐惧。如果我带着枪的时候遭到了袭击，那我 就必须用它来杀人，而不仅仅是伤人。 我曾想象自己遭遇歹徒的袭击，不是真的遇到了此事。一名男子在街上走着。 这时我锁上车，朝公寓走去，手里拿着钥匙准备开门。还没有走到门口，我隐隐 约约听到一个声音在说:“钱。”还没打开门, 我又听到了一个声音，然后我转过身， 看到那个人手里拿着枪站在我的面前。 他很害怕。我很担心我会吓着他，从而导致他朝我开枪。我还担心我把钱给他 以后，他还是朝我开枪。同时我很生气，因为用枪指着我的竟然是一个我从来没 有见过、也从未伤害过的人。 我想象的这起抢劫案中有某种东西令我很不安，一种我不愿承认的东西，一种 我因为羞愧而故意略去不提的东西。 我为什么会想象自己遭遇到一个男子的抢劫，这一点我很明白：他们身体上占 有优势，而且我也没听说有谁遭到一个女子的抢劫。 但为什么这个人是个黑人呢？又为什么偏偏是个身穿破旧 T 恤，两眼发亮的 黑人男子而不是个白人呢？
我想象我正站在克莱尔本和杰克逊街道拐角处的一个加油站等待付款,这时 个黑人朝我身后走来。我没有回头,而是目视前方,等待付款。我尽量不表现出 自己的焦虑,而这种焦虑的产生仅仅是因为在一个位于名声不佳的街区的加油 站,有一个黑人从我身后走来,而且他没有汽车 我又想象了另一种可能。我正带着枪在街上走,这时我听到了那个声音。哪个 人肯定没看见我带着枪。我很生气,因为我受到了威胁,因为有人为了得到我口 袋里的钱而危及我的生命。 出于愤怒和恐惧,未及细想我就转过身开了枪。也许只是因为50或100美元 我就杀了一个人。他曾试图抢劫我,可这一点并不重要。一个人为钱而死,不 定是为我的钱或他的钱,而仅仅是钱。是谁给他的生命定了这样的价钱呢? 我记得有一个晚上和朋友一起开着她父母的车的情形。我们在卡尔顿和图兰街 交叉的红灯前停下,这时有一个黑人在我们的面前横穿马路。我的朋友便不由自 主地锁了车门。 我很讨厌她一看到那个人就锁车门的举动。不知他是否注意到了我们这一举 动。不知当别人一看到你就锁车门时,你会做何感想。 我又设想另外一种在我的公寓前遭遇歹徒抢劫的情景。当一个人向我要钱时我 正带着枪。我很生气又很害怕,但我没有用枪。我害怕如果不用枪可能会发生的 事情,但我更害怕杀死别人,害怕因为杀了人而永远遭受良心的谴责。于是我以 生命作赌注,希望他拿了钱以后离开。但愿我能赢 现在我走进了我家附近的一家加油站。一个黑人已经在那里排队等候。他突然 跳起来并转过身,在看到我以后才放松下来,对我说我吓坏他了,因为这一带常 出事。 对不起,我微笑着说。我明白了:实际上担惊受怕的并不是我一个人
我想象我正站在克莱尔本和杰克逊街道拐角处的一个加油站等待付款，这时一 个黑人朝我身后走来。我没有回头，而是目视前方，等待付款。我尽量不表现出 自己的焦虑，而这种焦虑的产生仅仅是因为在一个位于名声不佳的街区的加油 站，有一个黑人从我身后走来，而且他没有汽车 我又想象了另一种可能。我正带着枪在街上走，这时我听到了那个声音。哪个 人肯定没看见我带着枪。我很生气，因为我受到了威胁，因为有人为了得到我口 袋里的钱而危及我的生命。 出于愤怒和恐惧，未及细想我就转过身开了枪。也许只是因为 50 或 100 美元 我就杀了一个人。他曾试图抢劫我，可这一点并不重要。一个人为钱而死，不一 定是为我的钱或他的钱，而仅仅是钱。是谁给他的生命定了这样的价钱呢？ 我记得有一个晚上和朋友一起开着她父母的车的情形。我们在卡尔顿和图兰街 交叉的红灯前停下，这时有一个黑人在我们的面前横穿马路。我的朋友便不由自 主地锁了车门。 我很讨厌她一看到那个人就锁车门的举动。不知他是否注意到了我们这一举 动。不知当别人一看到你就锁车门时，你会做何感想。 我又设想另外一种在我的公寓前遭遇歹徒抢劫的情景。当一个人向我要钱时我 正带着枪。我很生气又很害怕，但我没有用枪。我害怕如果不用枪可能会发生的 事情，但我更害怕杀死别人，害怕因为杀了人而永远遭受良心的谴责。于是我以 生命作赌注，希望他拿了钱以后离开。但愿我能赢。 现在我走进了我家附近的一家加油站。一个黑人已经在那里排队等候。他突然 跳起来并转过身，在看到我以后才放松下来，对我说我吓坏他了，因为这一带常 出事。 “对不起，”我微笑着说。我明白了：实际上担惊受怕的并不是我一个人