试卷代号：1066 中央广播电视大学2011-一2012学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试 语言与应用语言学试题 2012年7月 注意事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏 内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带 出考场。 二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答 题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 You have 90 minutes to finish this exam. The exam consists of 3 sections: Section 1 Checking content awareness of the course I:Multiple Choice Questions(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) II:Gap-filling(10 items,20 points,2 for each item) Section 2 Checking understanding of some general principles of language and linguistics II:True or False Questions(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) IV:Matching(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) Section 3 Checking analytic application(1 item,20 points) V:One analytic question about some linguistic phenomena This is a closed exam.You are not allowed to consult any reference books or with other examinees. 498
试卷代号 6 6 中央广播电视大学 2 0 11 2012 学年 第二学期 语言与应用语言学试题 2012 年7 :a: 事项 、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏 内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带 出考场。 二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答 题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 • You have 90 minutes to finish this exam. • The exam consists of 3 sections: Section 1 Checking content awareness of the course I : Multiple Choice Questions(10 items, 20 points , 2 points for each item) II : ({ap-fillingOO items, 20 points, 2 for each item) SectiO平2 Checking understanding of some general principles of language and linguistics 皿: True or False Questions (10 items, 20 points , 2 points for each item)\ N : Matching( 10 items ,20 points,2 points for each item) Section 3 Checking analytic application( 1 item , 20 points) V :One analytic question about some linguistic phenomena • This is a closed exam. You are not allowed to consult any reference books or with other examinees. 498
Section 1 Checking content awareness of the course I.Items 1-10.Choose the best answer to complete each statement.Use your knowledge of the course to help you.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points,2 points for each item. 1.There are two most common ways of representing language: A.examinations and signs B.English and Chinese C.signs and gestures D.speech and writing 2.The talk the teacher gives in class is technically called A.classroom discourse B.abstract education C.education speech D.symbolic experience 3."Saying is doing,given the circumstances."According to J.L.Austin,it is referred to as A.doing things with language B.illocutionary act C.speech act theory D.ritual acts 4.According to the author our experiences of the world are not chaotic,but through categorization. A.organized B.terminated C.defined D.exampled 5.The course Language and Linguistics is about A.one's native language B.language in general C.\any particular language D.the main languages 6.The physical process of vocalization is studied by people who work in the field of A.phonetics B.phonology C.rhetoric D.speech synthesis 7.In producing the sound /t/the part of the tongue is used. A.tip B.front C.blade D.back 499
Section 1 Checking content awareness of the course I. Items 1-10. Choose the best answer to complete each statement. Use your knowledge of the course to help you. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points, 2 points for each item. ) 1. There are two most common ways of representing language: • A. examinations and signs C. signs and gestures B. English and Chinese D. speech and writing 2. The talk the teacher gives in class is technically called A. classroom discourse C. education speech B. abstract education D. symbolic experience 3. "Saying is doing , given the circumstances. " According to J. L. Austin , it is referred to as • A. doing things with language C. speech act theory B. illocutionary act D. ritual acts 4. According to the author our experiences of the world are not chaotic , but through categorization. A. organized C. defined B. terminated D. exampled 5. The course Language and Linguistics is about • }\.. one's native language C. 飞any particular language B. language in general D. the main languages 6. The physical process of vocalization is studied by people who work in the field of • A. phonetics C. rhetoric 7. In producing the sound / t/ the A. tip C. blade B. phonology D. speech synthesis part of the tongue is used. B. front D. back 499
8.According to the author,we live not in one world,but in three worlds:the material world,the subjective world,and A.the spiritual world B.the present world C.the symbolic world D.the experience world 9.The American linguist Noah Chomsky argues for an innate mechanism called: A.perimeter setting B.parameter setting C.paradigm setting D.paranoid setting 10.Which of the following is NOT true about "face"and politeness? A.They are primarily managed by language. B.They are culturally dependent concepts. C.They are important issues in interpersonal relationships. D.They are governed by written social norms. II.Items 11-20.Choose those words or phrases that best complete the following sentences. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Note that there are more words or phrases than necessary.(Box A is for items 11-15,and Box B for items 16-20.)(20 points,2 points for each item.) Box A Box B A.syntagmatic relations G.other-oriented B.locutionary H.schema C.abstraction I.hedge D.naming J.identity E.learned K..challenge F.nature-nurture L.self-oriented A.An old debate is the so called 11 controversy concerning whether language already exists in the brain or whether it has to be 12. 500
8. According to the author. we live not in one world. but in three worlds: the material world. the subjective world. and A. the spiritual world C. the symbolic world • B. the present world D. the experience world 9. The American linguist Noah Chomsky argues for an innate mechanism called: • A. perimeter setting C. paradigm setting B. parameter setting D. paranoid setting 10. Which of the following is NOT true about "face" and politeness? A. They are primarily managed by language. B. They are culturally dependent concepts. C. They are important issues in interpersonal relationships. D. They are governed by written social norms. II. Items 11-20. Choose those words or phrases that best complete the following sentences. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Note that there are more words or phrases than necessary. (Box A is for items 11-15 , and Box B for items 16一20. ) (20 points, 2 points for each item. ) 气\ Box A Box B A. syntagmai,c relations G. other-oriented B. locutionary H. schema C. abstraction 1. hedge 、、 D. naming J. identity E. learned K. challenge F. nature-nurture L. self-oriented A. An old debate is the so called 11 controversy concerning whether language 500 already exists in the brain or whether it has to be 12 •
B.The process by which humans relate their experience of a real thing to 13 it and putting it into some form of category is called 14. C.Structural linguistics studies the 15 of language. D.If a person is unsure of how to respond to someone they may use a 16.This act is likely to make the person less likely to be open to 17 by another person. E.When asking the names of people Chinese people tend to be 18 compared to British people who seem to be very 19 F.The way in which people's background knowledge is organized and stored in their minds is referred to by psycholinguists as 20. Section 2 Checking understanding of some general principles of language and linguistics II.Items 21-30.Decide if the following items are TRUE or FALSE according to what you've learned from the course book.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 21.Aphasiology studies the handicap of language comprehension and/or production. 22.Linguistically,"language"refers to written language because written language is more reliable. 23.The larynx is the upper part of the throat. 24.Just like in a game of chess,players must learn a series of clearly written rules before they can manipulate language. 25.The grammatical "aspect"of verbs puts an action in the past,present or future. 26.Status and regional identity can be linked to dialect. 27.Individualism and collectivism are both associated with an individual's sense of self. 28.Reducing the distance between you and the speaker is recommended as a conversational pre-closing signal. 29.Tyranny in interpersonal language patterns is something people should avoid when trying to develop bilingually. 30.Cognitive capacity is relevant to second language learning. 501
B. The process by which humans relate their experience of a real thing to 13 it and putting it into some form of categQry is called 14 • C. Structural linguistics studies the 15 of language. D. If a person is unsure of how to respond to someone they may use a 16 . This act is likely to make the person less likely to be open to 17 by another person. E. When asking the names of people Chinese people tend to be 18 compared to British people who seem to be very 19 • F. The way in which people' s background knowledge is organized and stored in their minds is referred to by psycholinguists as 20 • Section 2 Checking understanding of some general principles of language and linguistics m. Items 21 一30. Decide if the following items are TRUE or FALSE according to what you' ve learned from the course book. (10 items. 20 points. 2 points for each item) 21. Aphasiology studies the handicap of language comprehension and/or production. 22. Linguistically , "language" refers to written language because written language is more reliable. 23. The larynx is the upper part of the throat. 24. Just like in a game of chess, players. must learn a series of clearly written rules they can manipulate language. \ 25. l'\he grammatical "aspect" of verbs puts an action in the past , present or future. 26. Status and regional identity canbe linked to dialect. 27. Individualism and collectivism are both associated with an individual's sense of self. 28. Reducing the distance between you and the speaker is recommended as a conversational pre-closing signal. 29. Tyranny in interpersonal language patterns is something people should avoid when trying to develop bilingually. 30. Cognitive capacity is relevant to second language learning. 501
IV.Items 31-40.Read the questions in Column A and choose the right one from Column B to answer each of them.Write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.There is ONLY one answer for each question.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) Column A Column B 3l.In Chinese we often say“君子慎其言”，What do we A.the tact and generosity maxims imply linguistically? B.object qualities 32.The King Wu Ding kept silent for three years.This C.opening,keeping going,and is because of closing 33.Genie's story lends some support to a particular D.“I think'”,“can”,“absolutely” theory.What is it? E.aspect 34.At the age of two,the two hemispheres of human F.in language comprehension brain begin to show signs of separation in G.a critical period hypothesis functions. H.Lateralization What is this process called technically? I.language is power 35.What do adjective words normally stand for? J.his excessive awareness that he 36.What is the hedge expression in the utterance "I might say something resulting think no one can be absolutely correct"? in terrible consequences. 37.Which English politeness maxim does Gu's maxim of virtue,words and deeds correspond to? 38.Classroom discourse has three major components. What are they? 39.When Chinese words like“了”and“已经”are used, what do grammarians refer to this as 40.In what way is one's schema important? 502
凹· Items 31-40. Read the questions in Column A and ch∞se the right one from Column B to answer each of them. Write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. There is ONLY one answer for each question. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) Column A I Column B 3L In Chinese we often say"君子慎 What do we I A. the tact and generosity maxims imply linguistically? I B. object qualities 32. The King W u Ding kept silent for three years. This I c. opening , keeping going , and is because of I closing 33. Gen妃's story lends some support to a particular I D. "I think" , "can" , "absolutely" ny c &··- E agu q , . +L .1 w +. w'n eOr Vd +t'hh 34. At the age of two , the two hemispheres of human I F. in language comprehension brain begin to show signs of separation In G. a critical period hypothesis functions. I H. Lateralization What is this process called technically? I I. language is power 35. What do adjective words normally stand for? I J. his excessive awareness that he 36. What is the hedge expression in the utterance "I I might say something resulting think noone can be absolutely correct"? in terrible consequences. 37.Which EnEJJsh politeness maxim does G1195maxim of virtue , wo~ds and deeds correspond to 38. Classroom discourse has three major components. What are they? 39. When Chinese words like" 了"and" 经"are used , what do grammarians refer to this as ? 40. In what way is one's schema important? 502
Section 3 Checking understanding of some specific aspects of language and linguistics V.Item 41.Provide brief analysis to the questions below,using the linguistic knowledge you have learned in the course.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 41.Below are 3 cases that show the functions of language you learnt in Unit 8.Please analyze the common effect of language on each group of people and comment on each case. Case 1:Igbo is an ethnic group of32 million in south eastern Nigerian(尼日利亚，前英 国殖民地).Below is an excerpt from an article by an Igbo scholar. “Our name is“Igbo”not“Ibo”.Note that in the Igbo language“gb”is an alphabet different from either“g”or“b”.Similarly“gw”is an alphabet different from“g”and“w”. There is no Nwangu.It should be Nwangwu.Using“Ibo”rather than“Igbo”is the giving up of the Igbo identity and name for the colonial spelling."Ibo"is a mis-spelling,a hangover (残留)of British colonization(殖民).It was,and is,just easier for the White man/woman to say 'Ibo'rather than 'Igbo.We should not give up any Igbo alphabet and spellings. Case 2:A number of years ago there was an interesting phenomenon in the Chinese entertainment circle.On the one hand there were many entertainers who were born and brought up in northern China trying to adopt a Cantonese accent.On the other hand,there were other northern-bred entertainers ridiculing (the linguistic efforts of the first group of entertainers in their performances or comments. Case 3:Below is a dialogue between 2 aboriginal Australians. Son:Mom,did you buy ni-warnnyi (meat)? Mother:Say na-warnnyi not ni-warnnyi.Ni-warnnyi is women's talk. Son:Mom,young people don't talk like that any more. Mother:You just got to learn to talk proper way just like we did. 503
Section 3 Checking understanding of some specific aspects of language and linguistics V. Item 41. Provide brief analysis to the questions below , using the linguistic knowledge you have learned in the course. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) 41. Below are 3 cases that show the functions of language you learnt in Unit 8. Please analyze the common effect of language on each group of people and comment on each case. Case 1: Igbo is an ethnic group of 32 million in south eastern Nigerian (尼日利亚，前英 国殖民地). Below is an excerpt from an article by an Igbo scholar. "Our name is "Igbo" not "Ibo". Note that in the Igbo language "gb" is an alphabet different from either "g"or"b".Similarly "gw"is an alphabEt different from "g"and "w". There is no Nwangu. It should be Nwangwu. Using "Ibo" rather than "Igbo" is the giving up of the Igbo identity and name for the colonial spelling. "Ibo" is a mis-spelling , a hangover (残留) of British colonization( It was, and is , just easier for the White man/woman to say 'Ibo' rather than'Igbo. ' We should not give up any Igbo alphabet and spellings. " Case 2: A number of years ago there was an interesting phenomenon in the Chinese entertainment circle. On the one hand there were many entertainers who were born and brought up in northern China tryinμto adopt a Cantonese accent. On the other hand , there were other northern-bred entertainers ridiculing (嘲弄) the linguistic efforts of the first group of el\tertainers in their performances or comments. Case 3: 'Below is a dialogue between 2 aboriginal Australians. Son: Mom , did you buy ni-warnnyi (meat)? Mother: Say na-warnnyi not ni-warnnyL Ni-warnnyi is women' stalk. Son:Mom , young people don't talk like that any more. Mother: You just got to learn to talk proper way just like we did. 503
试卷代号：1066 座位 中央广播电视大学2011一2012学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试 语言与应用语言学试题答题纸 2012年7月 题 号 I 亚 Ⅲ W 总 分 得 分 得 分 评卷人 I.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 得 分 评卷人 II.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 得分 评卷人 III.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 得分 评卷人 IV.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 504
试卷代号 6 6 座位号 中央广播电视大学 11 2012 学年度 语言与应用语言学试题答题纸 2012 年7 题号 I E V 总分 得分 得分|评卷人 I. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. 得分|评卷人 \ IT. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) 11. 16. 12. 17. 13. 18. 14. ,19. 15. 20. 得分 评卷入 III. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) 21. 26. 22. 27. 23. 28. \ 24. 29. 25. 30. 得分评卷人 N. (1 0 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) 31. 36. 504 32. 37. 33. 38. 34. 39. 35. 40
得分 评卷人 V.(1 item,20 points) 41. 505
得分|评卷人 41. ' v. (1 item , 20 points) 505
试卷代号：1066 中央广播电视大学2011一2012学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试 语言与应用语言学试题答案及评分标准 (供参考) 2012年7月 I.(10 items,20 points,2 poinst for each item) 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D I.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 11.F 12.E 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.I 17.K 18.G 19.L 20.H III.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 21.T 22.F 23.F 24.F 25.F 26.T 27.F 28.F 29.T 30.T IV.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 31.I 32.J 33.G 34.H 35.B 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.E 40.F V.(20 points) ()41.Below are 3 cases that show the function of language you learnt in Unit 8. Please analyze the common effect of language on each group of people and comment on each case. Case 1:Igbo is an ethnic group of32 million in south eastern Nigerian(尼日利亚，前英 国殖民地).Below is an excerpt from an article by an Igbo scholar. “Our name is“Igbo”not“Ibo”.Note that in the Igbo language“gb”is an alphabet different from either“g”or“b”.Similarly“gw”is an alphabet different from“g”and“w”. There is no Nwangu..It should be Nwangwu.Using“Ibo”rather than“lgbo”is the giving up of the Igbo identity and name for the colonial spelling."Ibo"is a mis-spelling,a hangover (残留)of British colonization(殖民).It was,.and is,just easier for the White man/woman to say‘Ibo'rather than‘lgbo.’We should not give up any Igbo alphabet and spellings..” 506
试卷代号 中央广播电视大学 11 2学年度第二学期"开放本科"期未考试 语言与应用语言学 试题答案及评分标准 (供参考) 2012 年7 I. (10 items, 20 points, 2 poinst for each item) 1. D 6. A 2. A 7. A 3. D 8. C 4. A 9. B 5. B 10. D II. (1 0 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) 11. F 16. I 12. E 17. K 13. D 18. G 14. C 19. L 15. A 20. H ill. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) 21. T 26. T 22. F 27. F 23. F 28. F 24. F 29. T 25. F 30. T 凹. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) 31. I 36. D v. (20 points) 32. J 37. A 33. G 38. C 34. H 39. E 35. B 40. F (问题).11. Below are 3 cases that show the function of language you learnt in Unit 8. Please analyze t\e common effect of language on each group of people and comment on each case. Case 1: Igbo is an ethnic group of 32 million in south eastern Nigerian 前英 国殖民地). Below is an excerpt from an article by an Igbo scholar. "Our name is "Igbo" not "Ibo气Note that、in the Igbo language" gb" is an alphabet different from either "g" or "b". Similarly "gw" is an alphabet different from "g" and "w". There is no Nwangu. It should be Nwangwu. Using "Ibo" rather than "Igbo" is the giving up of the Igbo identity and name for the colonial spelling. "Ibo" is a mis-spelling , a hangover (残留) of British colonizationC It was, and is, just easier for the White man/woman to say ‘lbo' rather than ‘ Igbo. ' We should not give up any Igbo alphabet and spellings. " 50G
Case 2:A number of years ago there was an interesting phenomenon in the Chinese entertainment circle.On the one hand there were many entertainers who were born and brought up in northernChina trying to adopt a Cantonese accent.On the other hand,there were other northern-bred entertainers ridiculing (the linguistic efforts of the first group of entertainers in their performances or comments. Case 3:Below is a dialogue between 2 aboriginal Australians. Son:Mom,did you buy ni-warnnyi (meat)? Mother:Say na-warnnyi not ni-warnnyi.Ni-warnnyi is women's talk. Son:Mom,young people don't talk like that any more. Mother:You just got to learn to talk proper way just like we did. ()41.The answer should include main points underlined in the answer key.Please note that the wording of the main points doesn't have to be the same as provided blow. From the 3 cases we can see that language helps to define and maintain identity. In Case 1 Igbo alphabet/language is thought of as a way to assert and maintain the national identity and using the alphabets which were easier to the British is a reflection of the hangover of the colonization or giving up the national identity.This shows that language helps to establish and maintain national identity. Case 2 shows that language helps to establish and maintain regional and status identity. The first group of entertainers tried to adopt the Cantonese accent because Cantonese is a dialect associated with higher status.This dialect gains a higher status because of the better economy in the area it is spoken.The second group of entertainers ridiculed the first group because by trying to sound like Cantonese the first group gave up their northern accent, which is also part of their regional identity. Case 3 shows that language can be used to preserve gender difference.Some languages require male and female to speak differently,even use different words.In this case,men have to use na-warnnyi,women ni-warnnyi.The distinction between men's language and women's language is seen as a means to maintain the difference between genders,as shown in the case by the mother's asking the son to talk like a man. 507
Case 2: A number of years ago there was an interesting phenomenon in the Chinese entertainment circle. On the one hand there were many entertainers who were born and brought up in northernChina trying to adopt a Cantonese accent. On the other hand , there were other northern-bred entertainers ridiculing (嘲弄 linguistic efforts of the first group of entertainers in their performances or comments. Case 3: Below is a dialogue between 2 aboriginal Australians. Son: Mom , did you buy ni-warnnyi (meat)? Mother: Say na-warnnyi not ni-warnnyi. Ni-warnnyi is women'stalk. Son: Mom , young people don' t talk like that any more. Mother: You just got to learn to talk proper way just like we did. (答案 1. The answer should include main points underlined in the answer key. Please note that the wording of the main points doesn' t have to be the same as provided blow. From the 3 cases we can see that language helps to define and maintain identity. In Case 1 Igbo alphabet/language is thought of as a way to assert and maintain the national identity and using the alphabets which were easier to the British is a reflection of the hangover of the colonization or giving up the national identity. This shows that language helps to establish and maintain national identity. Case 2 shows that language helps to establish and maintain regional and status identity. The first group of entertainers tried to adopt the Cantonese accent because Cantonese is a dialect associated with higher status. This dialect gains a higher status because of the better economy in the area it is spoken. The second group of entertainers ridiculed the first group because by气trying to sound like Cantonese the first group gave up their northern accent , which is al;O PM of their reg1onal ident Case 3 shows that language can be used to preserve gender difference.Some languages require male and female to speak differently , even use different words.In this case , men have to use na - warnnyi , women ni - warnnyi. The distinction between men' s language and women's language is seen as a means-to maintain the difference between genders, as shown in the case by the mother' s asking the son to talk like a man. 507