国家开放大学：2011—2012学年第二学期“开放专科”英语专业英语阅读（1）期末试题（7月）.pdf_大学文库

sailor who had lots of adventures,the hero of many Arabian folk tales.(In fact,he was Ma Sanbao,the famous Chinese explorer who was later,renamed Cheng Ho.)But if you are a young woman,and someone in an English pub asks you if you are a "sinbad",don't be surprised.In England today,a "sinbad"is someone who has a Single Income,No Boyfriend- and is Absolutely Desperate! 3.In English“a sitcom”used to be just a“Situation Comedy”show on television:these days,it has another meaning:a sitcom is a person who has a "Single Income,Two Children,and an Oppressive Mortgage."(a mortgage is a house loan. 4.You can have a lot of fun enjoying these new words:make the most of them,for very few will be around in the language in ten years'time!Most of these words,based on the initial letters of other words,are amusing-and unlikely to last a very long time (apart perhaps for“YUPPIES”.“Young Urban Professionals'”).With others,one can not be quite so sure.For example,we all know what a bookmark is:a piece of paper,or card,or a strip of cloth,which we use to keep our place in a book.So when you hear two young women talking to each other about a young man who one of them met recently,what do you think is meant when one of them says "I'm not sure whether to bookmark him,or just downdate him?"It is not your fault if you didn't understand this!The young woman was wondering whether to take a young man's phone number for a future date-or forget him as unsuitable. 5.Language is constantly changing-perhaps,these days,faster than ever.We all think of ourselves as being adults,these days,don't we-the early teenage years of adolescence safely behind us!So What do you think an adultescent is?Perhaps you managed to infer it-it's an adult who tries to hang on to his youth,but who is old enough to know better! 6.How many of these new words will survive no one can really say.many new words do not survive;no one these days talks about the wireless,or beatniks;on the other hand, many words we take for granted today were recently invented.The words teenager,and radio,were once new words;and the expressions Okay,alright and way of life,once new, are now part of normal,everyday English. To help to make English user-friendly (this computer expression came into the lan- guage around 1980),new words are constantly being coined.A need arises-a new word is born.It might be a change in technology,which requires us to use laptop-computers,or 899

sailor who had lots of adventures, the hero of many Arabian folk tales. (In fact , he was Ma Sanbao , the famous Chinese explorer who was later, renamed Cheng Ho. ) But if you are a young woman , and someone in an English pub asks you if you are a "sinbad" , don' t be surprised. In England today , a "sinbad" is someone who has a Single Income , No Boyfriendand is Absolutely Desperate! 3. In English "a sitcom" used to be just a "Situation Comedy" show on television: these days , it has another meaning: a sitcom is a person who has a "Single Income , Two Children , and an Oppressive Mortgage. " (a mortgage is a house loan. ) 4. You can have a lot of fun enjoying these new words: make the most of them , for very few will be around in the language in ten years' time! Most of these words, based on the initial letters of other words, are amusing - and unlikely to last a very long time (apart perhaps for "YUPPIES'气"Young Urban Professionals With others, one can not be quite so sure. For example , we all know what a bookmark is: a piece of paper , or card , or a strip of cloth , which we use to keep our place in a book. So when you hear two young women talking to each other about a young man who one of them met recently , what do you think is meant when one of them says 勺'm not sure whether to bookmark him , or just downdate him?" It is not your fault if you didn' t understand this! The young woman was wondering whether to take a young man's phone number for a future date - or forget him as unsuitable. 5. Language is constantly changing - perhaps, these days, faster than ever. We all think of ourselves as being adults , these days, don't we - the early teenage years of adolescence safely 咛ind us! So What do you think an adultescent is? Perhaps you 阳lan 让t-it's an?dult who tries to hang on to his youth ,but who is old enough to know better! 6. How many of these new words willsurvive no one can really say. many new words do not survive; no one these days talks about the wireless, or beatniks; on the other hand , many words we take for granted today were recently invented. The words teenager, and radio , were once new words; and the expressions Okay , alright and way of life , once new , are now part of normal. everyday English. To help to make English user-friendly (this computer expression came into the language around 1980) , new words are constantly being coined. A need arises - a new word is born. It might be a change in technology , which requires us to use laptop - computers, or 899

e-mails.It might be a change in the job-market,which in the last few years has produced the word Dump ("Destitute Unemployed Mature Professional"),and downsize.New words are sometimes made up to hide their meaning from most of the rest of us.For example doctors talk about difficult patients as Gomers (Get Out Of My Emergency Room),or talk about a woman patient with a Tube ("Totally Unnecessary Breast Examination"). Sometimes,too,new words are invented to hide the truth for other reasons.A company that recruited you for a new job last year may,this year,"decruit"you-no prizes for guessing what that means!More difficult to understand is the American car factory which tried to "sell"the idea of 5,000 workers being laid off work by using the expression "Career Alternative Enhancement Program".No doubt the company was downsizing.At work,absenteeism used to be a problem-these days,presenteeism is becoming a bigger one,as workers try to prove their loyalty,and stay for longer and longer hours in the office. Future historians will try to stay on-message as they read about home shopping,and lonely- hearts ads,yuppies and yummies.For it is certain that only some of these words will survive,as our way of life continues to change. Directions: Read the passage carefully and then decide whether statements 31-40 are true or false.Write T for true and F for false against the number of the item on your answer sheet. 21.The idea that the new word "Dinkies"stands for is unknown to Shanghai people. 22.Sinbad was actually the name given to the famous Chinese explorer,Cheng Ho,by the English people. 23.A new meaning has recently been added to the word sitcom" 24.Most of the new words can last a very long time like the word "YUPPIES". 25.The word "bookmark"is used differently by the woman. 26.According to the passage,language never stops changing. 27.Only those linguists know how many of the new words can survive. 28.The word "user-friendly"came into English around 1990. 29.The appearance of a new word is usually a result of the need for it. 30.It is becoming a bigger problem these days that workers want to stay in the office for longer hours. 900

e-mails. It might be a change in the job-market, which in the last fewyears has produced the word Dump ("Destitute Unemployed Mature Professional ，and downsize. New words are sometimes made up to hide their meaning from most of the rest of us. For example doctors talk about difficult patients as Gomers (Get Out Of My Emergency Room) , or talk about a woman patient with a Tube ("Totally Unnecessary Breast Examination"). Sometimes, too , new words are invented to hide the truth for other reasons. A company that recruited you for a new job last year may , this year, "decruit" you 吗no prizes for guessing what that means! More difficult to understand is the American car factory which tried to "sell" the idea of 5 ,000 workers being laid off work by using the expression "Career Alternative Enhancement Program气No doubt the company was downsizing. At work , absenteeism used to be a problem - these days, presenteeism is becoming a bigger one , as workers try to prove their loyalty , and stay for longer and longer hours in the office. Future historians will try to stay on-message as they read about home shopping , and lonelyhearts ads, yuppies and yummies. For it is certain that only some of these words will survive , as our way of life continues to change. Directions: Read the passage carefully and then decide whether statements 31-40 are true or false. Write T for true and F for false against the number of the item on your answer sheet. 21. The idea that the new word "Dinkies" stands for is unknown to Shanghai people. 22. $inbad was actually the name given to the·famous Chinese explorer , Cheng Ho , by 叫nglish people 23. A ne\f meaning has recently been added to the word" sitcom" 24. Most 6f the new words can last a very long time like the word "YUPPIES". 25. The word "bookmark" is used differently by the woman. 26. According to the passage , language never stops changing. 27. Only those linguists know how many of the new words can survive. 28. The word "user-friendly" came into English around 1990. 29. The appearance of a new word is usually a result of the need for it. 30. It is becoming a bigger problem these days that workers want to stay in the office for longer hours. 900

Part 凹(20 points, 4 points each) Read Passage 5 and answer the following questions. Make your answers as short and clear as possible. (20 points, 4 points each) Passage 5 If you smoke - particularly cigarettes, you are far more likely than a non-smoker to suffer or die from several major diseases - notably lung cancer. One smoker in four dies prematurely( 早地 because of his smoking. The risk of dying for a heavy smoker ( between the ages of 35 and 55) is roughly equal to the risk run by a non-smoker, 10 years older. Cigarette smoking - and to a lesser degree pipe and cigar smoking-may aggravate (使恶化) or be partly responsible for the development of a wide variety of other diseases, which include cancers of the mouth and throat , peptic ulcers (胃溃癌)， and loss of teeth. Women who smoke during pregnancy produce babies on average about 5 to 8 ounces lighter than those who don't. Take lung cancer for example: Britain' s lung cancer figures are the highest in the world , and rising. Ninety people die every day , 33 ,000 in 1969. Almost all these deaths can be attributed directly to tobacco smoking. The prospects of a cure for lung cancer are , at present , remote , and it is impossibl巳to estimate when , if ever, someone will find one. You would be foolish to rely on someone finding a cure before you needed it. One man in eight who dies between the age of 35 and 飞is killed by lung cancer. The figures for women in this age group are lower, about 1 in 20. This is partly because women smoke less, and have not smoked as long. But the figures arestill very high. Questions 31-35 31. At what rate do smokers die prematurely because of their smoking? 32. What kind of babies will be f}roduced by women who smoke during pregnancy? 33. Which country has the highest lung cancer figures in the world? 34. Which might be a more possible cause for loss of teeth , cigarette smoking or pipe smoking? 35. What's the figure of women killed by lung cancer between the age of 35 and 64? 901