国家开放大学：2011—2012学年第一学期“开放专科”英语专业英语阅读（3）期末试题（1月）.pdf_大学文库

Part I Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context. The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets. Write A, B, or C on your answersheet. (30 points, 3 points each) Passage 1 Voices from the Classroom 1 What new challenges do American teachers of English think they will face over the next five years? The following is an interview with four American educators about that questlOn. 2 Interviewer. We' 11 begin with Ms. Woods, who is teaching at a junior-high school in Ohio. What do you think are the biggest problems for today' s English teacher? 3 Ms. Woods: Language arts teachers are faced with teaching literacy to students from diverse backgrounds, students who do not value reading , and students who have diverse needs in an increasingly complex, technological society. We teachers are caught between doing our best to help these diverse students and give them what they really need , and at the same time satisfying the state-mandated proficienciω. 4 Interviewer: So you think that sometimes the state curriculum does not suit the real needs of these students. 5 Mr. Jones: May I add something here? I have to agree. In my high school in Detroit , the increasing number of students from non-English speaking homes continues to make language education challenging. For example, Shakespeare is on the curriculum for my 11th grade class this term , but many of th巳m have problems with basic English communication skills. I don't mean to throw out Shakespeare , but sam巳thing is wrong here is a gap between the curriculum and the reality of the stud巳nts' skills and needs. Keeping our students connected by giving them better tools of communication in a common language is essential. 6 Interviewer: I bet Professor Mahiri will have something to say on that. 7 Dr. Mahiri: Yes indeed. What I' ve come to realize in my educational research at University of California is that teachers must understand youth popular culture -- which is 945

Part I Read Passage 2 and choose either A,B or C to complete each of the following statements.Write A,B or C on your answer sheet.(30 points,3 points each) Passage 2 Translating Fashion 1 It's seven o'clock in the morning and Natassia Antipova,a beautiful Russian financial consultant,is getting up in the Moscow apartment where she lives alone and asking herself:"What shall I wear today?"A decade ago her choices were simpler.Then,there was one kind of mascara,one color eye shadow.Now,Natassia's bathroom shelves are stocked with Avon,Estee Lauder,and Nina Ricci.Her closets contain Levis and Armanis,as well as local brand names.Her awareness of what makes a beautiful woman has been vastly expanded.In Tokyo,on the same day,Maki Ko is doing a presentation for her public relations company.Her trim size 8 figure is zipped into an Italian suit.In her English pocket-book Elizabeth Arden cosmetics share space with products from Shisiedo,the Tokyo based beauty company.Last year Maki had Japan's most popular cosmetic surgery procedure,a rhinoplasty to make her button nose look more Western.The list goes on:The globalization of fashion is one of the phenomena of our time,a vast market for those companies who somehow have a look that translates worldwide. 2 There's nothing new,of course,about the process of fashionable imitation.In Roman Britain prosperous natives wore togas.This fashion remained popular for some time. "Likewise,after the Norman invasion of Britain in 1066,French styles became chic.This kind of fashion trend has been happening for centuries.But what is new is the sheer size and depth of penetration of this global fashion. 3 Consider Levi jeans,a company with a brand imprint carried by 2,800 retail companies in 45 countries.Worldwide sales for 1996 were US$7.1 billion.Or Estee Lauder,which since it went international in 1960,has penetrated 100 markets and racked up sales of $3.4 billion in 1997.Or take China,whose women were forbidden as recently as 10 years ago to powder their noses-in recent years,the fashion and cosmetics market has 948

Part II Read Passage 2 and choose either A, B or C to complete each of the following statements. Write A , B or C on your answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points each) Passage 2 Translating Fashion 1 It' s seven 0' clock in the morning and Natassia Antipova , a beautiful Russian financial consultant , is getting up in the Moscow apartment where she lives alone and asking herself: "What shall I wear today?" A decade ago her choices were simpler. Then, there was one kind of mascara , one color eye shadow. Now , Natassia's bathroom shelves are stocked with Avon , Estee Lauder, and Nina Ricci. Her closets contain Levis and Armanis, as well as local brand names. Her awareness of what makes a beautiful woman has been vastly expanded. In Tokyo , on the same day , Maki Ko is doing a presentation for her public relations company. Her trim size 8 figure is zipped into an Italian suit. In her English pocket甲book Elizabeth Arden cosmetics share space with products from Shisiedo , the Tokyobased beauty company. Last year Maki had Japan' s most popular cosmetic surgery procedure , a rhinoplasty to make her button nose look more Western. The list goes on: The globalization of fashion is one of the phenomena of our time , a vast market for those companies who somehow have a look that translates worldwide. 2 There' s nothing new , of course , about the process of fashionable imitation. In Roman Britain prosperous natives wore togas. This fashion remained popular for some time. "Likewise , after the Norman invasion of Britain in 1066 , French styles became chic. This kind of fashion trend has been happening for centuries. But what is new is the sheer size and depth of penetration of this global fashion. 3 Consider Levi jeans, a company with a brand imprint carried by 2 , 800 retail companies in 45 countries. Worldwide sales for 1996 were US$ 7.1 billion. Or Estee Lauder, which since it went international in 1960 , has penetrated 100 markets and racked up sales of $ 3. 4 billion in 1997. Or take China , whose women were forbidden as recently as 10 years ago to powder their noses recent years, the fashion and cosmetics market has 948

expanded by 20 to 30 percent annually.But is this all a plot by greedy designers, manufacturers and fashion editors to clone the world into one image?Alison Lurie,author of The Language of Clothes,thinks not.She says people and cultures themselves decide on what is fashion these days. 4 Of far more importance to fashion trends,according to Marc Bourgery an advertising consultant,is the question of how a country entertains itself.He gives the example of Japan,a country that has a love affair with golf and,more recently,with American situation comedies."Japanese people now want to be defined as witty,successful and affluent,and so that style has become cool and sought after. 5 Bourgery,who travels the world in order to advise clients on which images sell best in which countries,thinks that global fashion is not about the West dictating to the East. Rather,it is about a new feeling of internationalism."Armani,for example,does not set out to look authentically Italian,anymore than Chanel wants to look specifically French," observes Bourgery."Instead,their footprint is a look which says 'I'm elegant, sophisticated,successful,'and that translates worldwide. 6 What it all adds up to is a world of consumer decision-making,a mix-and-match world where consumers often take what is best from their own country and combine it. Worldwide surveys of beauty practices confirm this point.Russian women confide that not all of them are crazy about the new cosmetic imports-environmentally conscious teens twenty-some-things,"are mad for the newest line of Russian skin care,Green Mama,made exclusively from herbs and fruits found in the Altai region of Sineria."Beauty-conscious Syrians also claim that their traditional oils and scents are for them a treasure trove of beauty secrets.In their Damascus bathrooms,alongside the modern cosmetics,are pewter bowls which to mix Henna and bay leaf,honey and olive oil soaps or vials of perfumed oils. 7 The cruel truth about what is fashionable is that it can't be clearly defined. Today's concept of fashion draws from a far wider ethnic and national pool than ever before, and it's growing day by day. 949

expanded by 20 to 30 percent annually. But is this all a plot by greedy designers, manufacturers and fashion editors to clone the world into one image? Alison Lurie , author of The Language of Clot hes, thinks not. She says people and cultures themselves decide on what is fashion these days. 4 Of far more importance to fashion trends, according to Marc Bourgery an advertising consultant, is the question of how a country entertains itself. He gives the example of Japan, a country that has a love affair with golf and , more recently , with American situation comedies. "Japanese people now want to be defined as witty , successful and affluent , and so that style has become cool and sought after. " 5 Bourgery, who travels the world in order to advise clients on which images sell best in which countries', thinks that global fashion is not about the West dictating to the East. Rather, it is about a new feeling of internationalism. "Armani, for example , does not set out to look authentically Italian , anymore than Chanel wants to look specifically French ," observes Bourgery. " Instead , their footprint is a look which says 吁'm elegant , sophisticated , successful , ' and that translates worldwide. " 6 What it all adds up to is a world of consumer decision-making , a mix-and-match world where consumers often take what is best from their own country and combine it. Worldwide surveys of beauty practices confirm this point. Russian women confide that not all of them are crazy about the new cosmetic imports - environmentally conscious teens twenty-some-things, "are mad for the newest line of Russian skin care , Green Mama , made exclusively from herbs and fruits found in the Altai region of Sineria. ., Beauty-conscious Syrians also claim that their traditional oils and scents ar巳for them a treasure trove of beauty secrets. In their Damascus bathrooms, alongside the modern cosmetics, are pewter bowls which to mix Henna and bay leaf, honey and olive oil soaps or vials of perfumed oils. 7 The cruel truth about what is fashionable is that it can' t be clearly defined. Today's concept of fashion draws from a far wider ethnic and national pool than ever before , and it's growing day by day. 949

3 Charlie,the tramp,looked very funny,but he was also lovable.Inside his tramp's clothes,the audience saw a human being who was poor,but dreamed of being rich,who was ugly but wanted to be handsome,who was lonely and desperately wanted a girlfriend.The tramp was a great romantic,but he always lost his heart to girls who for some reason had to leave him.The audience would be moved by this,but before they had time to reach for their handkerehiefs,Charlie's feet would get in the way and they would laugh instead.In his early days as a director,Chaplin produced sixty-two short silent comedy films in four years. He was able to take complete control of his work and he would use his many gifts as he wished.He was a master of the art of mime,and as an acrobat he used to perform many dangerous stunts.But his greatest gift was his sense of timing-something which he said had come to him from his mother,who had been a dancer. 4 Later on his films began to be more serious.In The Kid,which is about an orphan,Chaplin remembered his own fear and unhappiness when he was separated from his mother.Then,in 1929,the Wall Street Stock Market collapsed.Suddenly there were tramps like Charlie everywhere,and the cruel division between the rich and poor is reflected in the opening scene of City Lights.Chaplin now felt the need to comment on the fate of the world as well as on the life of his hero.At this time he made The Great Dictator which made fun of Hitler's philosophy and mannerisms.He described Hitler as"this amazing imitation of me".Extreme right-wing people in America persuaded the Americans through the press that Chaplin was too left-wing. 5 When he was on a visit to Britain the American government refused to give him a reentry visa.So in 1948 he decided to make his home in Switzerland.His marriage to the lovely Oona O'Neill was happy,and he became the proud father of eight children. Nevertheless he still felt bitter and the films he continued to make show this.The King in New York is the story of a king living in a foreign country who is made to suffer for his beliefs.America still suspected Chaplin's political beliefs and his films were not shown there. 6 It was not until 1972 that Chaplin and Hollywood finally made up their quarrel and he was invited back to receive an apology-and the award of an Oscar.He was given a hero's welcome and was deeply moved.Then,in 1975,aged 86,he returned to London,the city of his birth.He went to Buckingham Palace to be knighted by the Queen.Charlie,the tramp,would have fallen over as he left.Sir Charles Chaplin simply wept. 952

3 Charlie , the tramp , looked very funny , but he was also lovable. Inside his tramp's clothes, the audience saw a human being who was poor, but dreamed of being rich , who was ugly but wanted to be handsome , who was lonely and desperately wanted a girlfriend. The tramp was a great romantic , but he always lost his heart to girls who for some reason had to leave him. The audience would be moved by this, but before they had time to reach for their handkerchiefs, Charlie's feet would get in the way and they would laugh instead. In his early days as a director, Chaplin produced sixty-two short silent comedy films in four years. He was able to take complete control of his work and he would use his many gifts as he wished. He was a master of the art of mime , and as an acrobat he used to perform many dangerous stunts. But his greatest gift was his sense of timing - something which he said had come to him from his mother, who had been a dancer. 4 Later on his films began to be more serious. In The Kid , which is about an orphan , Chaplin remembered his own fear and unhappiness when he was separated from his mother. Then, in 1929 , the Wall Street Stock Market collapsed. Suddenly there were tramps like Charlie everywhere , and the cruel division between the rich and poor is reflected in the opening scene of City Lights. Chaplin now felt the need to comment on the fate of the world as well as on the life of his hero. At this time he made The Great Dictator which made fun of Hitler's philosophy and mannerisms. He described Hitler as "this amazing imitation of me". Extreme right-wing people in America persuaded the Americans through the press that Chaplin was too left-wing. 5 When he was on a visit to Britain the American government refused to give him a reentry visa. So in 1948 he decided to make his home in Switzerland. His marriage to the lovely Oona O'Neill was happy, and he became the proud father of eight children. Nevertheless he still felt bitter and the films he continued to make show this. The King in New York is the story of a king living in a foreign country who is made to suffer for his beliefs. America still suspected Chaplin' s political beliefs and his films were not shown there 6 It was not until 1972 that Chaplin and Hollywood finally made up their quarrel and he was invited back to receive an apology .- and the award of an Oscar. He was given a hero' s welcome and was deeply moved. Then, in 1975 , aged 86 , he returned to London , the city of his birth. He went to Buckingham Palace to be knighted by the Queen. Charlie , the tramp , would have fallen over as he left. Sir Charles Chaplin simply wept. 952

Questions 21-30 are based on Passage 3. 21. Charles Chaplin went to America in 1911. 22. Charles Chaplin's parents thought they were" stars". 23. Charles Chaplin was not only a first-class comedian but also a director. 24. Charles Chaplin borrowed his ideas from many sources. 25. Charles Chaplin's films became more and more serious. 26. Right-wing people in America thought Chaplin was too left-wing. 27. Charles Chaplin decided to make his home in Britain. 28. Charles Chaplin had eight children. 29. After 1948 , Charles Chaplin's films were shown everywhere in America. 30. Charles Chaplin received the award of an Oscar in 1972. Part N Read Passage 4 and answer the following qu臼tions. Make your answers as short and clear pos晦ible. (20 points, 4 points each) Passage 4 Language: Is It Always Spoken? 1 Most of us know a little about how babies learn to talk. From the time infants are born , they hear language because their parents talk to them all the time. Between the ages of seven and ten months, most infants begin to make sounds. They repeat the same sounds over and over again. For example , a baby may repeat the sound "dadada" or "bababa. " This activity is called babbling. When babes babble , they are practicing their language. Soon , the sound "dadada" may become "daddy. " and "bababa" may become "bottle. " 2 What happens, though , to children who cannot hear? How do deaf children learn to communicate? Recently , doctors have learned that deaf babies babble with their hands. Laura Ann Petitto, a psychologist at McGill University in Montreal. Canada , has studied how children learn language. She observed three hearing infants and two deaf infants. The three hearing infants had English-speaking parents. The two deaf infants had deaf mothers and fathers who used American Sign Language (ASL) to communicate with each other and with their babies. Dr. Petitto studied the babies three times: at 10 , 12 , and 14 months. During this time , children really begin to develop their language skills. 953