《英语国家社会与文化入门》(2)美国部分 Unit 9 Social Movements of the 1960s
《英语国家社会与文化入门》（２）美国部分 Unit 9 Social Movements of the 1960s
I Introduction 1.Greensboro Sit-.in(格林斯博罗静坐) On February 1,1960,4 freshmen from a black college in Greensboro,.North Carolina(北卡罗莱纳州，sat down at a department lunch counter and ordered coffee.When refused,they continued to sit at the counter,openly defying the segregation law prevailing in the state.The next day,more students joined them.Thus began the civil rights movement(黑人民权运动)，which spread from the south to the north.Later,this quiet "sit-in"became the major nonviolent direct action tactics to be used by black civil rights activists
I. Introduction 1. Greensboro Sit-in (格林斯博罗静坐) On February 1, 1960, 4 freshmen from a black college in Greensboro, North Carolina (北卡罗莱纳州), sat down at a department lunch counter and ordered coffee. When refused, they continued to sit at the counter, openly defying the segregation law prevailing in the state. The next day, more students joined them. Thus began the civil rights movement (黑人民权运动), which spread from the south to the north. Later, this quiet “sit-in” became the major nonviolent direct action tactics to be used by black civil rights activists
L Introduction 2.Three kinds of social movements (I)The civil rights movement!黑人民权运动 (2)The youth anti-war青年反战运动 (3)The women's liberation movements?妇女解放运动 The three kinds of social movements had long roots in United States history,(这三种运动已经深深地植根于美 国历史之中)
I. Introduction 2. Three kinds of social movements (1) The civil rights movement黑人民权运动 (2) The youth anti-war青年反战运动 (3) The women’s liberation movements妇女解放运动 The three kinds of social movements had long roots in United States history.（这三种运动已经深深地植根于美 国历史之中）
II.Why Did the Social Movements Begin? The causes In the 1960s,three groups of people,Afro-Americans, young people and women were dissatisfied with their lives. 1.During World War II,many American Negroes had a taste of life outside the south.They knew life in the segregated South was not the American way of life 2.Many young people resented traditional white male values in US society. 3.Middle-class white women had the opportunity to work in responsible jobs for good pay during World War II.But when men returned from the war,women had fewer opportunities. 4.When the US army began to fight in Vietnam,many people thought the war was wrong
II. Why Did the Social Movements Begin? The causes In the 1960s, three groups of people , Afro-Americans, young people and women were dissatisfied with their lives. 1. During World War II, many American Negroes had a taste of life outside the south. They knew life in the segregated South was not the American way of life. 2. Many young people resented traditional white male values in US society. 3. Middle-class white women had the opportunity to work in responsible jobs for good pay during World War II. But when men returned from the war, women had fewer opportunities. 4. When the US army began to fight in Vietnam, many people thought the war was wrong
III.Who Worked in the Social Movements? 1.People who believed the government and the society were wrong joined one or more of the social movements.许多不满于政府和社会的 人加入了一场或多场社会运动。 2.Nonviolent action tactics like sit-ins,teach-ins. boycotts,rallies and marches were used in the movements..静坐示威、宣讲会、抵制活动、集 会以及游行等非暴力行动策略在社会运动中得 到采用
III. Who Worked in the Social Movements? 1. People who believed the government and the society were wrong joined one or more of the social movements. 许多不满于政府和社会的 人加入了一场或多场社会运动。 2. Nonviolent action tactics like sit-ins, teach-ins, boycotts, rallies and marches were used in the movements. 静坐示威、宣讲会、抵制活动、集 会以及游行等非暴力行动策略在社会运动中得 到采用
IV.What Is a Social Movement? 1.Definition A social movement is a type of behavior in which a large number of participants consciously attempt to change existing institutions and establish a new order of life." 2.Characteristics特点 All social movements have two basic characteristics: (I)structure(有组织) (2)spontaneity(自发性) 3.Other necessary parts(其它要素)of a social movement are: (l).a social base of people人们的社会基础 (2).a“message”?or ideology思想体系 (3).the ability to spread the message and get more supporter传播思想和得到更多支持者的能力
IV. What Is a Social Movement? 1. Definition A social movement is a type of behavior in which a large number of participants consciously attempt to change existing institutions and establish a new order of life.” 2. Characteristics 特点 All social movements have two basic characteristics: (1) structure (有组织) (2) spontaneity（自发性） 3. Other necessary parts（其它要素）of a social movement are: (1). a social base of people 人们的社会基础 (2). a “message” or ideology 思想体系 (3). the ability to spread the message and get more supporter 传播思想和得到更多支持者的能力
V.The Civil Rights Movement黑人民权运动 One of the most important of all social movement in the 1960s U.S.history. 1.The cause In 1955,Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving her seat to a white man on a public bus in Montgomery, Alabama according to segregation laws.Rosa Parks (罗莎·帕克斯)spontaneous action(自发行为)in 1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement
V. The Civil Rights Movement黑人民权运动 One of the most important of all social movement in the 1960s U.S. history. 1. The cause In 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving her seat to a white man on a public bus in Montgomery, Alabama according to segregation laws. Rosa Parks (罗莎·帕克斯) spontaneous action (自发行为) in 1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement
V,The Civil Rights Movement黑人民权运动 2.Organizations (1)Three main organizations SNCC---the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee学生非暴力统一行动委员会 CORE-the Congress of Racial Equality争取种族 平等大会 SCLC---the Southern Christian Leadership Conferencei南部基督教领导联合会 These three groups provided the leadership,the nonviolent tactics,the network and the people to fight against Southern segregation. 这三个组织通过提供领导力量、非暴力策略、关系 网以及人员来反抗南部的种族隔离
V. The Civil Rights Movement黑人民权运动 2. Organizations (1) Three main organizations SNCC---the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee学生非暴力统一行动委员会 CORE ---the Congress of Racial Equality争取种族 平等大会 SCLC---the Southern Christian Leadership Conference南部基督教领导联合会 These three groups provided the leadership, the nonviolent tactics, the network and the people to fight against Southern segregation. 这三个组织通过提供领导力量、非暴力策略、关系 网以及人员来反抗南部的种族隔离
V,The Civil Rights Movement黑人民权运动 3.Direct Action Tactics直接行动策略 (1)Specific methods Civil rights activists used such non-violent direct action tactics as“sit-ins”,“freedom rides'”and voter registration.民权运动参与者运用了静坐示威、自由 乘车运动以及选民登记运动等非暴力直接行动策略 (2)Martin Luther King,Jr. He was a Baptist minister.是一名浸礼会牧师 He was the leader of SCLC He gave the famous speech“I have a dream”in Washington,D.C.in 1963 He was given the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 He was assassinated in Tennessee in 1968
V. The Civil Rights Movement黑人民权运动 3. Direct Action Tactics直接行动策略 (1) Specific methods Civil rights activists used such non-violent direct action tactics as “sit-ins”, “freedom rides” and voter registration.民权运动参与者运用了静坐示威、自由 乘车运动以及选民登记运动等非暴力直接行动策略。 (2) Martin Luther King, Jr. He was a Baptist minister.是一名浸礼会牧师 He was the leader of SCLC. He gave the famous speech “I have a dream” in Washington, D. C. in 1963. He was given the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was assassinated in Tennessee in 1968
V,The Civil Rights Movement黑人民权运动 (③)The achievements In 1961,federal government declared segregation illegal in all interstate bus stations The Civil Rights Act was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Johnson in 1964 4.Changes As racial violence continued,black people began to question the nonviolent tactics used in the South. (1)In 1965,President Johnson began his"war on poverty".1965 年约翰逊总统发起了向“贫困开战”计划
V. The Civil Rights Movement黑人民权运动 (3) The achievements In 1961, federal government declared segregation illegal in all interstate bus stations. The Civil Rights Act was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Johnson in 1964. 4. Changes As racial violence continued, black people began to question the nonviolent tactics used in the South. (1) In 1965, President Johnson began his “ war on poverty”.1965 年约翰逊总统发起了向“贫困开战”计划