PRESENTATION LOAD 《英语国家社会与文化入门》（2)美国部分 Unit 3 American Beginning
《英语国家社会与文化入门》（２）美国部分 Unit 3 American Beginning
Unit 3 American Beginnings I.What is an American? American is a new race In 1782,the Frenchman J.Hector St.John de Crevecoeur,who settledin Pennsylvania first asked the question and answered it in his book Letters from an American Farmer((美国农人书简。fe6 elieved that the American was a new man with the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.This new man acted upon new principles,entertained new ideas and formed new opinions.新型的人按照新的原则办事，吸取新的 思想，形成新的见解) Page·2
Page ▪ 2 ▪Unit 3 American Beginnings I. What is an American? American is a new race In 1782, the Frenchman J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question and answered it in his book Letters from an American Farmer(«美国农人书简»)。He believed that the American was a new man with the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants. This new man acted upon new principles, entertained new ideas and formed new opinions.(新型的人按照新的原则办事，吸取新的 思想，形成新的见解)
II.Two Immigration Movements 1.from Asia American Indians,who were mistakenly called by Columbus,moved to the Americas from Asia about 25 000 years ago.Before the Europeans arrived,they developed three great civilizations---the Aztecs(阿兹台克文化墨西哥地区，the Incas(印加文化秘 鲁地区)and the Mayas(码亚文化冲美洲)in the New W%rfd But,as a result of European conquest,the Indian population was quickly reduced and their cultures were ruthlessty destroyed. Page3
Page ▪ 3 II. Two Immigration Movements 1. from Asia American Indians, who were mistakenly called by Columbus, moved to the Americas from Asia about 25 000 years ago. Before the Europeans arrived, they developed three great civilizations ---the Aztecs(阿兹台克文化/墨西哥地区), the Incas（印加文化/秘 鲁地区） and the Mayas(玛亚文化/中美洲) in the New World. But, as a result of European conquest, the Indian population was quickly reduced and their cultures were ruthlessly destroyed
II.Two Immigration Movements 2.from Europe and Africa,began with the expansion of Europe from the 16th century. The discovery of America--Christopher Columbus,an Italian sailor, believed that by sailing west from Europe he could reach the East.In 1492,he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support hisvoyage.He Landed on one ofthe Bahama Islands(巴哈马群岛)in the Cari66ean Sea and thus "discovered"the New World.Based on hisvoyage,the Spanish king claimed the territory ofthe Americas and laterconquered the native Americans andestablished a huge empire.In 1497,John Ca6ot约翰卡伯特)arrived in today's Canada and the English king claimed the territory of North America belonged to England. Page·4
Page ▪ 4 II. Two Immigration Movements 2. from Europe and Africa, began with the expansion of Europe from the 16th century. The discovery of America---- Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, believed that by sailing west from Europe he could reach the East. In 1492, he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support his voyage. He landed on one of the Bahama Islands(巴哈马群岛) in the Caribbean Sea and thus “discovered ” the New World. Based on his voyage, the Spanish king claimed the territory of the Americas and later conquered the native Americans and established a huge empire. In 1497, John Cabot(约翰·卡伯特) arrived in today’s Canada and the English king claimed the territory of North America belonged to England
III.Europe in the 16th and 17th Centuries 1.Capitalism (1)It produced the bourgeois class and the working class (2)The bourgeoisie became increasing powerful and wanted to have more power for free development. 2.The Renaissance (1)It was marked by a changing outlookon life.That is to say,people showed more interest in the world about them. (2)Many challenged the authority of the Bible. (3)It pushed the progress in science and technology. Page·5
Page ▪ 5 III. Europe in the 16th and 17th Centuries 1. Capitalism (1) It produced the bourgeois class and the working class. (2) The bourgeoisie became increasing powerful, and wanted to have more power for free development. 2. The Renaissance (1) It was marked by a changing outlook on life. That is to say, people showed more interest in the world about them. (2) Many challenged the authority of the Bible. (3) It pushed the progress in science and technology
3.The Religious Reformation (1)Background During the Middle Ages,Europe was under the single spiritual authority of the Roman Catholic Church. (2)The main Reformation leaders a.Martin Luther held that the Pope had no right to sell "indulgences". 6.Jofn Calvin's doctrine,Calvinism,was followed by puritans in England. c.Henry VIII broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and set up the Church of England 3)The Characteristics of Protestantism a.Challenging the authority of the Pope 6.Salvation through faith c.Establishing a direct contact with God Page·6
Page ▪ 6 3. The Religious Reformation (1) Background During the Middle Ages, Europe was under the single spiritual authority of the Roman Catholic Church. (2) The main Reformation leaders a. Martin Luther held that the Pope had no right to sell “indulgences”. b. John Calvin’s doctrine, Calvinism, was followed by puritans in England. c. Henry VIII broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and set up the Church of England (3) The Characteristics of Protestantism a. Challenging the authority of the Pope b. Salvation through faith c. Establishing a direct contact with God
I以.Four colonia[patterns四种殖民地模式 1.The Settlement of Virginia弗吉尼亚殖民地 (1)The 1st English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company(伦敦贸易公司) (2)Jofin Rolfe a.He introduced tobacco and yielded profits 6.His marriage with an Indian princess ended the hostility between the white and Indians for some time. (3)two Events in 1619 a.The settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses) 6.Some6 lack people were6 ought and enslaved（奴役）It was a start toward the enslavement of Africans. These two events greatly inftuenced the political and social development of the United States later. Page.7
Page ▪ 7 IV. Four colonial patterns四种殖民地模式 1. The Settlement of Virginia 弗吉尼亚殖民地 (1) The 1st English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company(伦敦贸易公司). (2) John Rolfe a. He introduced tobacco and yielded profits b. His marriage with an Indian princess ended the hostility between the white and Indians for some time. (3) two Events in 1619 a. The settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses (议会) b. Some black people were bought and enslaved（奴役）It was a start toward the enslavement of Africans. These two events greatly influenced the political and social development of the United States later
IV.Fourcolonial patterns四种殖民地模式 2.Puritanism清教主义 (1)The 2nd enduring English settlement was established in Massachusetts Bay in 1620 by English puritans(who are also called Pilgrim Fathers)who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England.清教徒因“纯洁教会”的要求而得名。 (2)They believed that human beings were predestinedby God before they were 6o他们深信人的命运是生前就由上帝注定的。这是清教主义 的命运天定说)】 (3)They believed that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God's will and esta6 lish a direct contact with God.他们还认为人人都要读圣经， 从中探索上帝的意志，与上帝建立直接的联系)】 (4)These beliefs had great impact on American culture. Page·8
Page ▪ 8 IV. Four colonial patterns四种殖民地模式 2. Puritanism 清教主义 (1) The 2nd enduring English settlement was established in Massachusetts Bay in 1620 by English puritans( who are also called Pilgrim Fathers) who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England. 清教徒因“纯洁教会”的要求而得名。 (2) They believed that human beings were predestined by God before they were born(他们深信人的命运是生前就由上帝注定的。这是清教主义 的命运天定说). (3) They believed that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God’s will and establish a direct contact with God. (他们还认为人人都要读«圣经»， 从中探索上帝的意志，与上帝建立直接的联系). (4) These beliefs had great impact on American culture
IY.Four colonial patterns四种殖民地模式 The Pilgrim Fathers清教徒先驱 Unsatisfied with the life there,some puritans took the ship Mayflower and left Holland for north America in 1620.They were called the Pilgrim Fathers. The influence of Puritanism on American culture 清教主义对美国文化的影响主要有： a.Respect ofeducation尊重教育 6.Intolerant moralism道德上的不容忍主义 C.A sense of mission使命感 d.Individualism个人主义 e.Hardwork.勤奋工作 Page·9
Page ▪ 9 IV. Four colonial patterns四种殖民地模式 The Pilgrim Fathers 清教徒先驱 Unsatisfied with the life there, some puritans took the ship Mayflower and left Holland for north America in 1620. They were called the Pilgrim Fathers. The influence of Puritanism on American culture 清教主义对美国文化的影响主要有： a. Respect of education尊重教育 b. Intolerant moralism 道德上的不容忍主义 c. A sense of mission 使命感 d. Individualism 个人主义 e. Hard work 勤奋工作
I以.Four colonial patterns四种殖民地模式 3.The 3rd colonialpattern in North Americawas the pattern in the colony of Maryland founded by the Catholics. (1)The founder was the second Lord Baltimore,who carried out his father's will to set up a colony in North America (Maryland)in 1632.He wished to introduce a feudal system. 2)But this feudal plan failed because a.the Protestants,who were capitalistic-minded,outnumbered the Catholics in Maryland. 6.The wilderness of the continent provided plenty of land while labor was scarce. (3)The development a,Im1648,the Maryland Toleration Act(马里兰宗教容忍法)was passed. 6.Maryland followed a capitalist development road. Page·10
Page ▪ 10 IV. Four colonial patterns四种殖民地模式 3. The 3rd colonial pattern in North America was the pattern in the colony of Maryland founded by the Catholics. (1) The founder was the second Lord Baltimore, who carried out his father’s will to set up a colony in North America (Maryland) in 1632. He wished to introduce a feudal system. (2) But this feudal plan failed because a. the Protestants , who were capitalistic-minded, outnumbered the Catholics in Maryland. b. The wilderness of the continent provided plenty of land while labor was scarce. (3) The development a. In 1648, the Maryland Toleration Act(马里兰宗教容忍法) was passed. b. Maryland followed a capitalist development road