PRESENTATION LOAD 《英语国家社会与文化入门》(2)美国部分 Unit 6 Religion in the United States
《英语国家社会与文化入门》（２）美国部分 Unit 6 Religion in the United States
I.Religious liberty 1.American religious history (1)WASP American mainstream culture was developed from "WASP" culture.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. 盎格鲁撒克逊白人新教文化被认为是美国主流文化的基础。 Page·2
Page ▪ 2 I. Religious liberty 1. American religious history (1)WASP American mainstream culture was developed from “WASP” culture. WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. 盎格鲁撒克逊白人新教文化被认为是美国主流文化的基础
(2)The Protestants新教 A.Although the Church of England was an established church in several colonies,Protestants lived side by side in relative harmony.Already they had begun to influence one another. B.The Great Awakening of the 1740s,a "revival"movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion,cut across the lines of Protestants religious groups, or denominations. 18世纪40年代的宗教大复兴运动力图把新的感觉和新的力量注 入北美各殖民地人民的宗教信仰中去。这次“复兴”运动打破了 新教各派的界限。 Page3
Page ▪ 3 (2) The Protestants新教 A. Although the Church of England was an established church in several colonies, Protestants lived side by side in relative harmony. Already they had begun to influence one another. B. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival” movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of Protestants religious groups, or denominations. 18世纪40年代的宗教大复兴运动力图把新的感觉和新的力量注 入北美各殖民地人民的宗教信仰中去。这次“复兴”运动打破了 新教各派的界限
(3)John Locke A.John Locke claimed that the right to govern comes from an agreement or a "social contract"voluntarily entered into by free people. 约翰洛克认为治理的权利来自于一种“社会契约”，这一契约由 民众自愿缔结。 B.The Puritan experience in forming congregations made this idea seem natural to many Americans清教成立的礼拜会 使这一观点为许多美国人所接受。 Page·4
Page ▪ 4 (３) John Locke A. John Locke claimed that the right to govern comes from an agreement or a “social contract” voluntarily entered into by free people. 约翰.洛克认为治理的权利来自于一种“社会契约”，这一契约由 民众自愿缔结。 B. The Puritan experience in forming congregations made this idea seem natural to many Americans清教成立的礼拜会 使这一观点为许多美国人所接受
(4)The Enlightenment A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists,believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs.在欧洲 启蒙运动的影响之下，一些美国人成为自然神论者；他们相信： 理智教导人们上帝是存在的，但上帝允许人类自由处理自己的事 务。 Page·5
Page ▪ 5 (４) The Enlightenment A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs.在欧洲 启蒙运动的影响之下，一些美国人成为自然神论者；他们相信： 理智教导人们上帝是存在的，但上帝允许人类自由处理自己的事 务
(5)"The laws of Nature and Nature'sGod"自然规律和创造自 然的上帝 Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree that "the laws of Nature and Nature's God"entitled them to form a new nation. 许多传统的新教徒和自然神论者都认为：“自然规律和创造自然 的上帝”赋予他们权利以建立一个新的国家。 Page·6
Page ▪ 6 (５) “The laws of Nature and Nature’s God”自然规律和创造自 然的上帝 Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree that “the laws of Nature and Nature’s God” entitled them to form a new nation. 许多传统的新教徒和自然神论者都认为：“自然规律和创造自然 的上帝”赋予他们权利以建立一个新的国家
2.Religious liberty (1)The Declaration of Independence It guaranteed the basic right of religious freedom and this right was a political necessity. 独立宣言保障人们享有宗教信仰自由这一基本权利； (2)The First Amendment to the US Constitution. It explicitly forbade the federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice of religion. 美国宪法第一修正案禁止联邦政府给任何宗教以特殊优惠，或阻 止任何宗教的自由信仰行为。 Page7
Page ▪ 7 2. Religious liberty (1) The Declaration of Independence It guaranteed the basic right of religious freedom and this right was a political necessity. 独立宣言保障人们享有宗教信仰自由这一基本权利； (2) The First Amendment to the US Constitution. It explicitly forbade the federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice of religion. 美国宪法第一修正案禁止联邦政府给任何宗教以特殊优惠，或阻 止任何宗教的自由信仰行为
(3)The government A.In some ways,the government support all religions B.Those citizens whose religion forbids them to fight in wars can perform other services instead of becoming soldiers. (4)The courts When disputes about the relationship between government and religion arise,American courts must settle them. 如果政府与宗教之间出现争端，将由法庭予以解决。 Page·8
Page ▪ 8 (3) The government A. In some ways, the government support all religions. B. Those citizens whose religion forbids them to fight in wars can perform other services instead of becoming soldiers. (4) The courts When disputes about the relationship between government and religion arise, American courts must settle them. 如果政府与宗教之间出现争端，将由法庭予以解决
(5)The problems American institutions presuppose a Supreme Being, therefore Christianity is often in practice,more favored than other religions. 由于美国的习俗制度是以上帝为前提，基督教的地位实际通常高 于其他的宗教。 Page·9
Page ▪ 9 (5) The problems American institutions presuppose a Supreme Being, therefore Christianity is often , in practice, more favored than other religions. 由于美国的习俗制度是以上帝为前提，基督教的地位实际通常高 于其他的宗教
II.The Three Faiths 1.Protestants and different Protestant group 新教和不同的新教团体 (1)The significance A.Over 60%of Americans are Protestant believers. B.The largest church is of the Protestant faith in the US C.American mainstream culture is based on Protestantism. Page·10
Page ▪ 10 II. The Three Faiths 1. Protestants and different Protestant group 新教和不同的新教团体 (1) The significance A. Over 60% of Americans are Protestant believers. B. The largest church is of the Protestant faith in the US. C. American mainstream culture is based on Protestantism