PRESENTATION LOAD 《英语国家社会与文化入门》（2)美国部分 Unit 5 American Economy
《英语国家社会与文化入门》（２）美国部分 Unit 5 American Economy
I.Industrial Revolution in America 1.The Background (1)After independence,America was principally an agricultural country.It remained it for another century. (2)Some early decisions by American social and political leaders planted the seeds of industrial growth.Alexander Hamilton亚历山大·汉密尔，the first Secretary of the Treasury,.财政部长，took many measures like establishing a protective tariff(保护性关税)to encourage domestic industries. (3)The Industrial Revolution in England during the 18th century brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. Page·2
Page ▪ 2 I. Industrial Revolution in America 1. The Background (1) After independence, America was principally an agricultural country. It remained it for another century. (2) Some early decisions by American social and political leaders planted the seeds of industrial growth. Alexander Hamilton亚历山大·汉密尔, the first Secretary of the Treasury,财政部长, took many measures like establishing a protective tariff(保护性关税) to encourage domestic industries. (3) The Industrial Revolution in England during the 18th century brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860
I.Industrial Revolution in America 2.The Development (1)Introduction of the Factory System.工厂生产制的引进 A.Samuel Slater In1793,Samuel Slater(塞缪尔，斯莱特)built the first factory in the U.S- a cotton textile factory in Pawtucket,Rhode Island. He built the factory from memory,because it was a crime to carry factory plant out of England. B.The significance of the Factory System The success of his factory started a process of change that turned the northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturing center. The nation became a major cotton textile producer Page·3
Page ▪ 3 I. Industrial Revolution in America 2. The Development (1) Introduction of the Factory System工厂生产制的引进 A. Samuel Slater In 1793, Samuel Slater(塞缪尔·斯莱特) built the first factory in the U.S --- a cotton textile factory in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. He built the factory from memory, because it was a crime to carry factory plant out of England. B. The significance of the Factory System The success of his factory started a process of change that turned the northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturing center. The nation became a major cotton textile producer
I.Industrial Revolution in America (2)The“American system”of mass production美国大规模生产制度 A.Eli Whitney(惠特尼)：An American inventor who made cotton production more efficient by inventing the cotton gin(轧棉机)，which made removing the seeds from the bolls (of cotton much easier. The"American systems"of Mass Production,which first was used in firearms(火器，轻武器)industry. He also began manufacturing rifles with machinery,using interchangeable(可互s换的)part.This contributed to the American system of mass production. Page·4
Page ▪ 4 I. Industrial Revolution in America (2) The “American system” of mass production美国大规模生产制度 A. Eli Whitney（惠特尼): An American inventor who made cotton production more efficient by inventing the cotton gin(轧棉机), which made removing the seeds from the bolls（棉桃） of cotton much easier. The “American systems” of Mass Production, which first was used in firearms(火器，轻武器) industry. He also began manufacturing rifles with machinery, using interchangeable（可互换的） part. This contributed to the American system of mass production
1.Industrial Revolution in America B.Henry Ford In 1913,the automaker Henry Ford introduced the "moving assembly line”. (3)Application of New Technologies Such new technologies as large water turbines and steam engines were applied to industries. Page.5
Page ▪ 5 I. Industrial Revolution in America B. Henry Ford In 1913, the automaker Henry Ford introduced the “moving assembly line”. (3) Application of New Technologies Such new technologies as large water turbines and steam engines were applied to industries
I.Industrial Revolution in America (4)Emergence of New Forms of Business Organization A.The Bank The first American commercial bank appeared in the 1780s.Not until 1863 did the US create a truly national banking system with a standard paper currency. Page·6
Page ▪ 6 I. Industrial Revolution in America (4) Emergence of New Forms of Business Organization A. The Bank The first American commercial bank appeared in the 1780s. Not until 1863 did the US create a truly national banking system with a standard paper currency
I.Industrial Revolution in America B.The corporation股份公司 Compared with the sole proprietorship(个体经营)and the partnership (合伙经营)，the corporation may survive the death of its founder(股 份（有限）公司在其创业者去世后仍然可以继续下去)· Because it could draw on a pool of investor,it is a much more efficient tool for raising the large amounts of capital needed by expanding business.(由于它可以吸引众多投资者，可以很有效地在业务发展时筹 到资金。) Page·7
Page ▪ 7 I. Industrial Revolution in America B. The corporation 股份公司 Compared with the sole proprietorship(个体经营) and the partnership （合伙经营）, the corporation may survive the death of its founder（股 份（有限）公司在其创业者去世后仍然可以继续下去）. Because it could draw on a pool of investor, it is a much more efficient tool for raising the large amounts of capital needed by expanding business.（由于它可以吸引众多投资者，可以很有效地在业务发展时筹 到资金。）
I Industrial Revolution in America B.The corporation股份公司 It enjoys limited liability,so inventors only risk the amount of their investment and not their entire assets.(它具有债务有限的特点，这样投 资者的风险仅限于其投资的数额，不涉及其全部财产) Many people objected to the idea of the corporation because it is less personal than the sole proprietorship or the partnership.由于股份公司非 个人化的特点，许多人对其持反对态度。 (5)Achievement By the time World War ll ended in 1945,the United States had the greatest productive capacity of all of the world's nations. Page·8
Page ▪ 8 I Industrial Revolution in America B. The corporation 股份公司 It enjoys limited liability, so inventors only risk the amount of their investment and not their entire assets.（它具有债务有限的特点，这样投 资者的风险仅限于其投资的数额，不涉及其全部财产） Many people objected to the idea of the corporation because it is less personal than the sole proprietorship or the partnership. 由于股份公司非 个人化的特点，许多人对其持反对态度。 (5) Achievement By the time World War II ended in 1945, the United States had the greatest productive capacity of all of the world’s nations
Industrial Revolution in America 3.Service industries (1)Industries sell a service rather than make a product. (2)They now dominate the economy. (3)Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants. (4)As more and more people are employed in service industries in the US,it is sometimes said the US has moved into a"post-industrial era"( 工业时代) Page·9
Page ▪ 9 Industrial Revolution in America 3. Service industries (1) Industries sell a service rather than make a product. (2) They now dominate the economy. (3) Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants. (4) As more and more people are employed in service industries in the US, it is sometimes said the US has moved into a “post-industrial era”(后 工业时代)
Il.Free Enterprise自由经济 1.The significance Most Americans believe the economic freedom of capitalism is crucial to America's economic success. 2.Capital American economic growth is a story of people inventing new devices and process,starting new businesses and launching new ventures.When starting new businesses and launching new ventures,money is needed. That money is known as capital(资本) 美国经济增长的过程实际上是美国人发明新设备与新工艺、创办新企业以 及经营新项目的过程：而每项新尝试都需要一定的资本。 Page·10
Page ▪ 10 II. Free Enterprise自由经济 1. The significance Most Americans believe the economic freedom of capitalism is crucial to America’s economic success. 2. Capital American economic growth is a story of people inventing new devices and process, starting new businesses and launching new ventures. When starting new businesses and launching new ventures, money is needed. That money is known as capital(资本) 美国经济增长的过程实际上是美国人发明新设备与新工艺、创办新企业以 及经营新项目的过程；而每项新尝试都需要一定的资本