Unit 6 Food In-Class Reading Food and Culture 8 Words&Usage词汇精讲 anthropologist n.人类学家(Line11,Para4) [构词法]anthrop-源自古希腊文anthropos,.表示“人，人类的”， -st是名词后缀，表示“……专业人员，……专家，从事……的人”。 [相关词汇]botanist植物学家socialist社会学家journalist新闻记者，从事新闻杂志业 [拓展记忆]anthropology n.人类学 anthropological adj..人类学的 appropriate adj.恰当的，适合的（亿ine1l,Para 1) [用法1]be appropriate to/for sth.很合适... e.g.A dirty face is not appropriate for the school photograph. 面部不洁不宜拍学生照。 She made a speech appropriate to the occasion. 她的讲话很得体。 [用法2]It is appropriate that+(虚拟语气should do sth,)..恰当 e.g.It is appropriate that she should get the post. 由她担任这一职务是恰当的。 [同义词链接]suitable,proper [反义词链接]inappropriate bark vi,(狗，狐，松鼠等)吠，叫(Line9,Para5) [用法]bark at sb.朝...吠叫，叫骂 e.g.Dogs always bark at strangers. 狗总是对着陌生人吠。 disgusting adj.令人作呕的(Line5,Para 1) [构词法]dis是否定前缀，表示“否定，相反之意：gust[古]意为“香味：津津有味”，加上否 定前缀dis,意为“令人作呕的，令人厌恶的”。 [同义词链接]nauseating [拓展记忆]disgust n.厌恶v.令人厌恶
1 Unit 6 Food In-Class Reading Food and Culture Words & Usage 词汇精讲 anthropologist n．人类学家(Line 11, Para 4) [构词法] anthrop- 源自古希腊文 anthropos, 表示“人，人类的”; -ist 是名词后缀，表示“… … 专业人员，… … 专家，从事… … 的人”。 [相关词汇]botanist 植物学家 socialist 社会学家 journalist 新闻记者，从事新闻杂志业 [拓展记忆]anthropology n．人类学 anthropological adj．人类学的 appropriate adj．恰当的，适合的(Line 11, Para 1) [用法 1] be appropriate to/for sth．很合适… … e.g. A dirty face is not appropriate for the school photograph． 面部不洁不宜拍学生照。 She made a speech appropriate to the occasion. 她的讲话很得体。 [用法 2] It is appropriate that +（虚拟语气 should do sth . ）… … 恰当 e.g. It is appropriate that she should get the post． 由她担任这一职务是恰当的。 [同义词链接]suitable , proper [反义词链接]inappropriate bark vi . （狗，狐，松鼠等）吠，叫(Line 9, Para 5) [用法]bark at sb．朝… … 吠叫，叫骂 e.g. Dogs always bark at strangers． 狗总是对着陌生人吠。 disgusting adj．令人作呕的(Line 5, Para 1) [构词法]dis- 是否定前缀，表示“否定，相反”之意；gust [古]意为“香味；津津有味”，加上否 定前缀 dis-，意为“令人作呕的，令人厌恶的”。 [同义词链接]nauseating [拓展记忆]disgust n．厌恶 v ．令人厌恶
dislike n.不喜欢(Line1,Para3) [用法l]have/feel a dislike of/for sth.不喜欢 e.g.I felt a strong dislike of the new teacher. 我感到很不喜欢这个新老师。 [用法2]share the same likes and dislikes有相同的好恶爱憎 nutritious adj.有营养的(Line3,Para3) [构词法]nutritious一词的词根是nutrition(营养，营养物)，-ious是形容词后缀，表示“具 有.性质的”。 [相关词汇]ambitious有雄心的，野心勃勃的cautious谨慎的：细心的 [拓展记忆]nutrition n.营养 nutrient n.营养物 [词义辨析]nutritious/delicious nutritious指食物有营养的，益于健康的：delicious则强调食物的味道好，常译为美味的， 可口的”。 》 怎知Sentec难包详侧 1.We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good to eat.We also have ideas about what kinds of foods are bad to eat.(Line 1,Para.1) 译文对于什么样的食物好吃，我们都有自己的看法。对于什么样的食物不好吃，我们也有自 己的看法。 Explanation: have ideas about意思是“知道，了解”，可以跟从句： e.g.Have you any idea about why she left without telling us? 也可以跟of引起的短语： e.g.Have you any idea of how to convince them? Have you any idea of the time? [反义词组链接]have no idea不知道，不了解 e.g.I have no idea(as to)what you mean. I have no idea for changing my position.我无意改变我的立场 2.As a result,people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating.(Line 3,Para.1) 译文因此，来自某种文化的人常常会觉得来自另一种文化的人吃的食物难以忍受或者令人作 呕。 Explanation: as a result:结果，因此。作状语，相当于so,therefore,ctc.,常用于句首，也可用于句末， 表示因果关系：也可作插入语。 2
2 dislike n．不喜欢(Line 1, Para 3) [用法 1] have/feel a dislike of / for sth．不喜欢 e.g. I felt a strong dislike of the new teacher． 我感到很不喜欢这个新老师。 [用法 2]share the same likes and dislikes 有相同的好恶爱憎 nutritious adj．有营养的(Line 3, Para 3) [构词法]nutritious 一词的词根是 nutrition （营养，营养物），-ious 是形容词后缀，表示“具 有…性质的”。 [相关词汇]ambitious 有雄心的，野心勃勃的 cautious 谨慎的；细心的 [拓展记忆]nutrition n．营养 nutrient n．营养物 [词义辨析]nutritious/delicious nutritious 指食物有营养的，益于健康的；delicious 则强调食物的味道好，常译为“美味的， 可口的”。 Difficult Sentences 难句详解 1. We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of foods are bad to eat. (Line 1, Para. 1) 译文对于什么样的食物好吃，我们都有自己的看法。对于什么样的食物不好吃，我们也有自 己的看法。 Explanation: have ideas about 意思是“知道，了解”, 可以跟从句： e.g. Have you any idea about why she left without telling us? 也可以跟 of 引起的短语： e.g. Have you any idea of how to convince them? Have you any idea of the time? [反义词组链接]have no idea 不知道，不了解 e.g. I have no idea (as to) what you mean. I have no idea for changing my position. 我无意改变我的立场. 2. As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. (Line 3, Para. 1) 译文因此，来自某种文化的人常常会觉得来自另一种文化的人吃的食物难以忍受或者令人作 呕。 Explanation: as a result: 结果···，因此。作状语，相当于 so, therefore, etc.，常用于句首，也可用于句末， 表示因果关系；也可作插入语
e.g.As a result of collective effort,the difficult situation changed into a favorable one. 经过大家的努力，困难的局面终于让位于顺利的局面， You lied to her again and again,and she left as a result. You see,as a result of the war,my factory's been running into difficulties [比较]：as a result of表示“由于…的原因，由…引起的”。后面常常接名词或代词，用来 作状语。 e.g.He was late as a result of the snow. 3.Some people in Africa think African termites make a delicious meal.(Line 1,Para.2) 译文在非洲，有些人认为非洲白蚁可以做成美餐。 Explanation: 本句中，“make”是一个系动词，意为“be good enough to be or become.,or have the qualities that are necessary for a particular job,use,or purpose(宜用作，具备…的素质/品 质)”。 e.g.She'll make a good actress,if she gets the right training. 如果训练得当，她会成为一名出色的演员。 You've a very good idea there.It will make a good book. 你构思很好，可用来写一本佳作。 4.Many other people would probably be sick if they had to eat termites,but one hundred grams of termites contain more than twice as many calories and almost twice as much protein as one hundred grams of cooked hamburger.(Line 2,Para.2) 译文对于其他许多人来说，如果非吃（白蚁）不可的话，他们很可能会呕吐。但是，如果拿 100克的白蚁和100克制作好的汉堡包相比，前者所含的热量是后者的两倍多，其所含的蛋 白质也几乎是后者的两倍。 Explanation: 此句中的twice as many..和twice as much..的意思是“是的两倍”。用many还是用 much要看后面所跟的名词是可数的还是不可数的。calorie是可数名词，所以用many。 protein是不可数名词，用much。 同级比较中的倍数关系(CET4 Translation) e.g.On average,it is said,visitors spend only half as much money(一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London. 据说，游客平均一天在利兹花掉的钱只有在伦敦的一半那么多。 本句在拿as.as..结构做文章。因为是比较关系，把在Leeds和在London的费用做比 较，所以后半句有明确的“as”一词。空缺部分是要有“as”,还要有“half和“money”。 关键是次序如何调理。根据比较结构中的倍数原则，倍数数字放在最开始，接下去有关 于量的as much+n.+as,因此本句要填入“half as much money'”。 考查重点：比较结构：本句考查同级比较中的倍数关系，类似表达还有twice as much(many)as... 英文倍数关系表达小结： 用英语表达"A是B的N倍长（宽，高，大，重等）"，"A比B长（宽，高，大， 重等)N倍"或"A的长度（宽度，高度，大小，重量等）是B的N倍"，可用下列 几种句型。 1)"A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+as+B
3 e.g. As a result of collective effort, the difficult situation changed into a favorable one. 经过大家的努力, 困难的局面终于让位于顺利的局面. You lied to her again and again, and she left as a result. You see, as a result of the war, my factory’s been running into difficulties [比较]：as a result of 表示“由于···的原因，由···引起的”。后面常常接名词或代词，用来 作状语。 e.g. He was late as a result of the snow. 3. Some people in Africa think African termites make a delicious meal. (Line 1, Para. 2) 译文在非洲，有些人认为非洲白蚁可以做成美餐。 Explanation: 本句中， “make”是一个系动词，意为 “be good enough to be or become…, or have the qualities that are necessary for a particular job, use, or purpose (宜用作，具备···的素质/品 质)”。 e.g. She’ll make a good actress, if she gets the right training. 如果训练得当，她会成为一名出色的演员。 You’ve a very good idea there. It will make a good book. 你构思很好，可用来写一本佳作。 4. Many other people would probably be sick if they had to eat termites, but one hundred grams of termites contain more than twice as many calories and almost twice as much protein as one hundred grams of cooked hamburger. (Line 2, Para. 2) 译文对于其他许多人来说，如果非吃（白蚁）不可的话，他们很可能会呕吐。但是，如果拿 100 克的白蚁和 100 克制作好的汉堡包相比，前者所含的热量是后者的两倍多，其所含的蛋 白质也几乎是后者的两倍。 Explanation: 此句中的 twice as many… 和 twice as much… 的意思是“是···的两倍”。用 many 还是用 much 要看后面所跟的名词是可数的还是不可数的。calorie 是可数名词，所以用 many。 protein 是不可数名词，用 much。 同级比较中的倍数关系(CET 4 Translation) e.g. On average, it is said, visitors spend only half as much money（一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London. 据说，游客平均一天在利兹花掉的钱只有在伦敦的一半那么多。 本句在拿 as…as…结构做文章。因为是比较关系，把在 Leeds 和在 London 的费用做比 较，所以后半句有明确的“as”一词。空缺部分是要有 “as”,还要有 “half”和“money”。 关键是次序如何调理。根据比较结构中的倍数原则，倍数数字放在最开始，接下去有关 于量的 as much+n.+as, 因此本句要填入 “half as much money”。 考查重点：比较结构：本句考查同级比较中的倍数关系，类似表达还有 twice as much(many) as… 英文倍数关系表达小结： 用英语表达"A 是 B 的 N 倍长（宽，高，大，重等）"，"A 比 B 长（宽，高，大， 重等）N 倍" 或"A 的长度（宽度，高度，大小，重量等）是 B 的 N 倍"，可用下列 几种句型。 1）"A + be + 倍数 + as + 计量形容词原级 + as + B
e.g.This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 2)"A+be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than+B" e.g.The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。 3)"A+be+倍数+th+计量名词+of+B" e.g.The newly broadened square id four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 4)"The+计量名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B" e.g.The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one. 新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。 5)其它 e.g.I'm twice/double his age..我的年龄是他的两倍。 I've paid five times the usual price for the stamp. 我出了5倍于往常的价格买这枚邮票。 The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year.与去年相比，该单位职工的收入增加了50%. The price of TVs are twofold(ad.两部分的，双重的)down over these years. 近几年来，电视机的价格下降了两倍
4 e.g. This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 2）"A + be + 倍数 + 计量形容词比较级 + than + B " e.g. The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。 3）"A + be + 倍数 + the + 计量名词 + of + B " e.g. The newly broadened square id four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 4）"The + 计量名词 + of + A + be + 倍数 + that + of + B " e.g. The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one. 新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。 5）其它 e.g. I'm twice/ double his age. 我的年龄是他的两倍。 I've paid five times the usual price for the stamp. 我出了 5 倍于往常的价格买这枚邮票。 The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year. 与去年相比，该单位职工的收入增加了 50%. The price of TVs are twofold (adj. 两部分的, 双重的) down over these years. 近几年来，电视机的价格下降了两倍
After-Class Reading Cooking and Cuisines WordUsage间汇精进 AAAYAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA appeal v.有吸引力，吸引某人；n.吸引力(Line6,Para 1) [用法]appeal to sb.对..…有吸引力 e.g.Pop music appeals to young people. 流行音乐对年轻人有吸引力。 bewildering adj.令人困惑的(Line2,Para5) [构词法]-g是形容词后缀，构成现在分词形式的形容词，表“令人.…的”。 [相关词汇]entertaining adj..令人愉快的exhausting adj.令人疲芳的 [同义词链接]confusing,puz☑ling [拓展记忆]bewilderment n.困惑，迷惑 convenience n.方便，便利(Line7,Para7) [构词法]-ence是名词后缀，表示动作，性质，状态等。 [相关词汇preference偏爱competence能力 confidence信任 [拓展记忆]convenient adj.方便的 [真题例句CET6] Our new house is very convenient for me as I can get to the office in five minutes. 新家对我来说很方便，因为我只用五分钟就到办公室了。 inclination n.倾向，爱好亿ine7,Para8) [用法1]follow one's own inclinations随心所欲 e.g.The little girl has an inclination for Harry Porter. 这个小姑娘很喜欢哈利波特。 [用法2]have an inclination for sth.喜爱 [构词法]-ation是名词后缀，表示状态，动作，结果。 [拓展记忆]incline v.使倾向于，使想要 inexpensive adj.便宜的(Line 1,Para7) [构词法]in-表否定。 [相关词汇]inappropriate adj..不合适的inconvenient adj.不方便的 ineffective adj.无效的 [构词法]-VC是形容词后缀，表示“...的、与...有关的、属于..的、具有..性 质的
5 After-Class Reading Cooking and Cuisines Words & Usage 词汇精讲 appeal v．有吸引力，吸引某人；n．吸引力(Line 6, Para 1) [用法] appeal to sb．对… … 有吸引力 e.g. Pop music appeals to young people． 流行音乐对年轻人有吸引力。 bewildering adj．令人困惑的(Line 2, Para 5) [构词法]-ing 是形容词后缀，构成现在分词形式的形容词，表“令人… … 的”。 [相关词汇]entertaining adj．令人愉快的 exhausting adj．令人疲劳的 [同义词链接]confusing , puzzling [拓展记忆]bewilderment n．困惑，迷惑 convenience n．方便，便利(Line 7, Para 7) [构词法]-ence 是名词后缀，表示动作，性质，状态等。 [相关词汇] preference 偏爱 competence 能力 confidence 信任 [拓展记忆] convenient adj．方便的 [真题例句 CET6] Our new house is very convenient for me as I can get to the office in five minutes． 新家对我来说很方便，因为我只用五分钟就到办公室了。 inclination n．倾向，爱好(Line 7, Para 8) [用法 1]follow one’s own inclinations 随心所欲 e.g. The little girl has an inclination for Harry Porter． 这个小姑娘很喜欢哈利· 波特。 [用法 2] have an inclination for sth．喜爱 [构词法]-ation 是名词后缀，表示状态，动作，结果。 [拓展记忆]incline v．使倾向于，使想要 inexpensive adj．便宜的(Line 1, Para 7) [构词法]in-表否定。 [相关词汇] inappropriate adj．不合适的 inconvenient adj．不方便的 ineffective adj．无效的 [构词法]-ive 是形容词后缀，表示“… … 的、与… … 有关的、属于… … 的、具有… … 性 质的
[同义词链接]cheap [反义词链接]expensive necessity n.必需品(Line8,Para9) [用法]daily necessities日常必需品 [构词法]-y为名词后缀，表示性质，状态，程度。 [相关词汇]possibility n.可能性capability n.能力 indignity n.侮辱 omit v.省略，遗漏(Line4,Para3) [用法]omit to do/.doing sth.忘记做某事 e.g.Don't omit locking(to lock)the door,.别忘了锁门。 [真题例句CET4 I hope that you will be more careful in typing the letter.Don't omit anything. 我希望你在打这封信时能更仔细点儿，不要漏了任何东西。 [拓展记忆]omission n.省略 preference n.偏爱，喜爱(Line2,Para 1) [用法l]have a preference for sth.偏爱 e.g.He has a preference for detective stories. 他特别喜欢侦探小说。 [用法2]have a preference of sth.喜欢某物甚于喜欢另一物 [拓展记忆]prefer v.更喜欢preferable adj.更可取的，更好的：经常与介词to搭配使用 reinforce v,加强，加固(Line 15,Para8) [真题例句CET6] The same factors push wages and prices up together,the one reinforcing the other. 同样的因素造成了工资和物价的上涨，而这两者又相互作用。 [拓展记忆]reinforcement n.加强 sophistication n.复杂，精密，高级(Line6,Para2) [构词法]-ation为名词后缀。 [拓展记忆]sophisticated adj.用以指人，意为“老于世故的”。用以指物（武器，机械等）， 意为复杂的，精密的，尖端的”。 6
6 [同义词链接]cheap [反义词链接]expensive necessity n．必需品(Line 8, Para 9) [用法]daily necessities 日常必需品 [构词法]-ty 为名词后缀，表示性质，状态，程度。 [相关词汇]possibility n．可能性 capability n．能力 indignity n．侮辱 omit v.省略，遗漏(Line 4, Para 3) [用法] omit to do/doing sth．忘记做某事 e.g. Don’t omit locking (to lock) the door．别忘了锁门。 [真题例句 CET4] I hope that you will be more careful in typing the letter. Don’ t omit anything． 我希望你在打这封信时能更仔细点儿，不要漏了任何东西。 [拓展记忆]omission n．省略 preference n．偏爱，喜爱(Line 2, Para 1) [用法 1] have a preference for sth．偏爱 e.g. He has a preference for detective stories． 他特别喜欢侦探小说。 [用法 2]have a preference of sth. 喜欢某物甚于喜欢另一物 [拓展记忆] prefer v．更喜欢 preferable adj．更可取的，更好的；经常与介词 to 搭配使用 reinforce v.加强，加固(Line 15, Para 8) [真题例句 CET6] The same factors push wages and prices up together, the one reinforcing the other． 同样的因素造成了工资和物价的上涨，而这两者又相互作用。 [拓展记忆]reinforcement n．加强 sophistication n．复杂，精密，高级(Line 6, Para 2) [构词法]-ation 为名词后缀。 [拓展记忆] sophisticated adj. 用以指人，意为“老于世故的”。 用以指物（武器，机械等）， 意为“复杂的，精密的，尖端的
《2 Difficult Sentences难句详解 1.Our senses are remarkably acute and discriminating and all societies which have progressed beyond simple survival satisfy the human pleasure of good food.(Line 7,Para.1) 译文人的感官非常敏锐，辨别力强，所有社会在其发展己超越了单纯维持生存的阶段后就会 满足人们对美食的欲望。 Explanation: 本句中，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词societies。.其中，beyond为介词，表示“超越”。 e.g.Such philosophical subtleties are beyond my reach. 这种深奥的哲理我可无法理解。 The scenery there was beautiful beyond expression. 那儿的风景美丽得无法形容。 Paraphrase:Our senses are extremely acute and able to show careful judgment in matters of taste. and all societies in which simple survival is not the main or the only goal will meet people's desire for good food. 2.French cooking with butter,cheese and cream is so typical of their cooking that if omitted the whole character of the cuisine would be destroyed.(Line 3,Para.3) 译文使用黄油、乳酪和奶油烹饪是法国菜的显著特点：否则，法国菜便毫无特色。 Explanation: 本句使用了so..that的句型结构，表示“如此..以至于”。在that从句中，if omitted是 省略句，由于从句与主句的主语一致，为了避免重复，从句省略了主语和部分谓语。完整 的句子应为if butter,cheese and cream are omitted”。 状语从句中的省略小结： I)省略从句中的主语和be动词：由when,while,as,once,whenever引导的时间状语从从 句；由if,unless引导的条件状语从句：由though,although,even if,.even though引导的 让步状语从句：由as though,asif引导的方式状语从句：由because引导的原因状语从 句：由whenever引导的地点状语从句中，主句、从句的主语相同，或从句的主语是 it,且谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be: e.g.When(she was)asked,she didn't answer a word. 2)省略从句的主语：在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的 主语相同是，可将从句的主语省略，而将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ig形式： e.g.Once seeing her,you will like her. 在比较状从中，当主从句主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略： e.g.More people die in the car accident than are killed in air. 3)省略从句的主句和谓语：在比较状从或对话中，往往将从句中与主句或答话与问话相 同的主语和谓语省略，留下宾语： e.g.He likes dogs more than cats. 4)省略主语、谓语、宾语（表语）：在对话或时间、条件、让步、方式、比较等状从中， 如果从句的主、谓、宾（表）与主句一致，则可省略，只留下状语： e.g.It is colder in Beijing than in Hunan. 5)其他省略：虚拟条件句中，若将were,should,had提到句首，则省略if, e.g.Should it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit till next week. 个
7 Difficult Sentences 难句详解 1. Our senses are remarkably acute and discriminating, and all societies which have progressed beyond simple survival satisfy the human pleasure of good food. (Line 7, Para. 1) 译文人的感官非常敏锐，辨别力强，所有社会在其发展已超越了单纯维持生存的阶段后就会 满足人们对美食的欲望。 Explanation: 本句中，which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 societies。其中，beyond 为介词，表示“超越”。 e.g. Such philosophical subtleties are beyond my reach. 这种深奥的哲理我可无法理解。 The scenery there was beautiful beyond expression. 那儿的风景美丽得无法形容。 Paraphrase: Our senses are extremely acute and able to show careful judgment in matters of taste, and all societies in which simple survival is not the main or the only goal will meet people’s desire for good food. 2. French cooking with butter, cheese and cream is so typical of their cooking that if omitted the whole character of the cuisine would be destroyed.(Line 3, Para. 3) 译文使用黄油、乳酪和奶油烹饪是法国菜的显著特点；否则，法国菜便毫无特色。 Explanation: 本句使用了 so…that 的句型结构，表示“如此…以至于…”。在 that 从句中，if omitted 是 省略句，由于从句与主句的主语一致，为了避免重复，从句省略了主语和部分谓语。完整 的句子应为“if butter，cheese and cream are omitted”。 状语从句中的省略小结： 1） 省略从句中的主语和 be 动词：由 when, while, as, once, whenever 引导的时间状语从从 句；由 if, unless 引导的条件状语从句；由 though, although, even if, even though 引导的 让步状语从句；由 as though, as if 引导的方式状语从句；由 because 引导的原因状语从 句；由 whenever 引导的地点状语从句中，主句、从句的主语相同，或从句的主语是 it，且谓语中含有 be 时，常省略从句的主语和 be； e.g. When (she was) asked, she didn’t answer a word. 2） 省略从句的主语：在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的 主语相同是，可将从句的主语省略，而将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing 形式； e.g. Once seeing her, you will like her. 在比较状从中，当主从句主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略； e.g. More people die in the car accident than are killed in air. 3） 省略从句的主句和谓语：在比较状从或对话中，往往将从句中与主句或答话与问话相 同的主语和谓语省略，留下宾语； e.g. He likes dogs more than cats. 4） 省略主语、谓语、宾语（表语）：在对话或时间、条件、让步、方式、比较等状从中， 如果从句的主、谓、宾（表）与主句一致，则可省略，只留下状语； e.g. It is colder in Beijing than in Hunan. 5） 其他省略：虚拟条件句中，若将 were，should，had 提到句首，则省略 if; e.g. Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week
在s引导的让步状从中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略： e.g.Child as he is,he knows a lot. 3.Also,wine in cooking is as instinctive to a French cook as the use of soy sauce is to a Chinese cook.(Line 6,Para.3) 译文同样，法国厨师本能地会在烧菜时加葡萄酒，就像中国厨师天生会用酱油一样。 Explanation: 本句使用了“as.as.”的结构，基本意思为“与…一样”，将法国厨师烧菜使用葡萄酒 的做法与中国厨师用酱油进行类比。 as…as结构用法小结： 第一个s为副词，其后通常接形容词或副词（用原级），第二个s可用作介词（后接 名词或代词)或连词（后接从句）。使用时应注意以下几点。 1)在否定句中，第一个as也可换成so。 e.g.He doesn't study as(so)hard as his brother. 2)在该结构的两个s之间通常接形容词或副词的原级，但若涉及数量或程度，可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“as many+复数名词+as”。 e.g.You've made as many mistakes as I have You've made as many mistakes as I have. 3)其间接形容词时，有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词（注 意词序)。 e.g.She is as good a teacher as her mother.(也可说：She is a teacher as good as her mother.She is as a good teacher as her mother.They are as good teachers as us.) 4)第二个as后接从句时，该as通常为连词，但有时这个as还充当其后从句的主语或宾 语，此时该as实为关系代词。 e.g.I gave him as much as he could eat We've got food for as many people as want it. 5)该结构根据情况可用使用以下修饰语。如：(not)nearly,almost,,just,nothing like,exactly,, not quite,.half,one-ten,twice,.three times,,30 per cent等，并且这些修饰语必须置于第一 个as之前，而不能置于其后。 e.g.He doesn't play halfas well as his sister. This dress is twice as expensive as that. 6)若第二个s引导一个表示将来意义的从句，则该从句可用现在时表示将来，也可直接 使用将来时态。 e.g.We'll get there as soon as you do (will). 7)在非正式场合（尤其是美国英语中），有时可以省略第一个s。 e.g.When over forty,he married a woman poor as himself. 另外，若意思明确，有时可省略第二个s及其后的相关词语。 e.g.The radios in that shop will be cheaper,but not as good. 那家商店的收音机会便宜些，但质量没那么好。 Paraphrase:Also,wine in cooking is as instinctive to a French cook as the use of soy sauce is (instinctive)to a Chinese cook. 8
8 在 as 引导的让步状从中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略； e.g. Child as he is, he knows a lot. 3. Also, wine in cooking is as instinctive to a French cook as the use of soy sauce is to a Chinese cook. (Line 6, Para. 3) 译文同样，法国厨师本能地会在烧菜时加葡萄酒，就像中国厨师天生会用酱油一样。 Explanation: 本句使用了“as…as…”的结构，基本意思为“与…一样”，将法国厨师烧菜使用葡萄酒 的做法与中国厨师用酱油进行类比。 as…as 结构用法小结： 第一个 as 为副词，其后通常接形容词或副词（用原级），第二个 as 可用作介词（后接 名词或代词）或连词（后接从句）。使用时应注意以下几点。 1） 在否定句中，第一个 as 也可换成 so。 e.g. He doesn’t study as (so) hard as his brother. 2） 在该结构的两个 as 之间通常接形容词或副词的原级，但若涉及数量或程度，可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“as many+复数名词+as”。 e.g. You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 3） 其间接形容词时，有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词（注 意词序）。 e.g. She is as good a teacher as her mother. （也可说：She is a teacher as good as her mother. 但不说 She is as a good teacher as her mother. / They are as good teachers as us.） 4） 第二个 as 后接从句时，该 as 通常为连词，但有时这个 as 还充当其后从句的主语或宾 语，此时该 as 实为关系代词。 e.g. I gave him as much as he could eat. We’ve got food for as many people as want it. 5） 该结构根据情况可用使用以下修饰语。如：(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent 等，并且这些修饰语必须置于第一 个 as 之前，而不能置于其后。 e.g. He doesn’t play half as well as his sister. This dress is twice as expensive as that. 6） 若第二个 as 引导一个表示将来意义的从句，则该从句可用现在时表示将来，也可直接 使用将来时态。 e.g. We’ll get there as soon as you do (will). 7） 在非正式场合(尤其是美国英语中)，有时可以省略第一个 as。 e.g. When over forty, he married a woman poor as himself. 另外，若意思明确，有时可省略第二个 as 及其后的相关词语。 e.g. The radios in that shop will be cheaper, but not as good. 那家商店的收音机会便宜些，但质量没那么好。 Paraphrase: Also, wine in cooking is as instinctive to a French cook as the use of soy sauce is (instinctive) to a Chinese cook
4.The borderlines between cuisine styles are clear and have changed less than either linguistic or racial boundaries.(Line 1,Para.4) 译文烹饪风格之间的界限非常清楚，其变化也不像语言或种族界限那么大。 Explanation: 本句将烹饪风格的界限与语言或种族的界限变化进行比较。 Paraphrase:The boundaries between different cuisine styles are quite clear.Compared with linguistic boundaries or racial boundaries which have changed a lot,the boundaries between cuisine styles have not changed so much. 5.Convenience foods destroy the charm of time-consuming cooking.(Line 7,Para.7) 译文方便食品使费时烹饪的（菜肴）魅力大减。 Explanation: 本句中，“convenience foods”意为food that is almost ready to eat when it is bought and can be prepared for eating quickly and easily(方便食品)”。“方便面的说法则是“instant noodle”。 9
9 4. The borderlines between cuisine styles are clear and have changed less than either linguistic or racial boundaries.(Line 1, Para. 4) 译文烹饪风格之间的界限非常清楚，其变化也不像语言或种族界限那么大。 Explanation: 本句将烹饪风格的界限与语言或种族的界限变化进行比较。 Paraphrase: The boundaries between different cuisine styles are quite clear. Compared with linguistic boundaries or racial boundaries which have changed a lot, the boundaries between cuisine styles have not changed so much. 5. Convenience foods destroy the charm of time-consuming cooking. (Line 7, Para. 7) 译文方便食品使费时烹饪的（菜肴）魅力大减。 Explanation: 本句中，“convenience foods” 意为“food that is almost ready to eat when it is bought and can be prepared for eating quickly and easily (方便食品)”。 “方便面”的说法则是 “instant noodle