Unit 2 Communication Problems In-Class Reading Speaking Different Languages S你y Words&Usage词汇精讲 0CQ从 acceptance n.赞同，接受，容忍(Line5,Para3) [用法l]in acceptance同意 e.g.She nodded in delighted acceptance. 她愉快地点头表示赞同。 All people should practice acceptance and live together in peace. 每个人都应学会容忍，与人和平共处。 [拓展记忆acceptv.同意，接受 acceptable ad.可以接受的 convey口.表示，传递，运送，输送(Line2,Para6) [用法]Convey..(from.…)to.把…（从…）传递到… e.g.Pipes convey hot water from this boiler to every part of the building. 水管将热水从烧水器输送至大楼的每一个部分。 Words fail to convey my feeling. 言语无法表达我的感情。 [同义词链接]deliver [拓展记忆]conveyance n.运送，输送，运输工具，交通工具 conveyer/conveyor n.运送者，传达者，传递装置 conveyer-belt n.传送带 [真题例句(CET4)] Workers in the fine arts convey thoughts and feelings through their creative works. 艺术工作者通过创造性的工作来表达他们的思想和感受。 emphasis n.强调，重点(Line3,Para3) [用法1]put/ay/place/throw emphasis on把重点放在：强调… e.g.They place too much emphasis on grammar while learning English. 他们学习英语时，过分地注重语法。 [同义词链接]stress [拓展记忆emphasize v.强调 emphatic adj.强调的，重视的 [真题例句(CET4)] In recent years much more emphasis has been put on developing the students'productive skills. 最近几年，学校更加注重培养学生的创造能力
1 Unit 2 Communication Problems In-Class Reading Speaking Different Languages Words & Usage 词汇精讲 acceptance n. 赞同，接受，容忍 (Line 5, Para 3) [用法 1] in acceptance 同意 e.g. She nodded in delighted acceptance． 她愉快地点头表示赞同。 All people should practice acceptance and live together in peace． 每个人都应学会容忍，与人和平共处。 [拓展记忆] accept v． 同意，接受 acceptable adj. 可以接受的 convey v. 表示，传递，运送，输送 (Line 2, Para 6) [用法] Convey … （from … ）to … 把…… （从…… ）传递到…… e.g. Pipes convey hot water from this boiler to every part of the building． 水管将热水从烧水器输送至大楼的每一个部分。 Words fail to convey my feeling． 言语无法表达我的感情。 [同义词链接]deliver [拓展记忆] conveyance n. 运送，输送，运输工具，交通工具 conveyer / conveyor n. 运送者，传达者，传递装置 conveyer-belt n. 传送带 [真题例句(CET 4)] Workers in the fine arts convey thoughts and feelings through their creative works． 艺术工作者通过创造性的工作来表达他们的思想和感受。 emphasis n. 强调，重点 (Line 3, Para 3) [用法 1] put/lay/place/throw emphasis on 把重点放在；强调…… e.g. They place too much emphasis on grammar while learning English． 他们学习英语时，过分地注重语法。 [同义词链接] stress [拓展记忆] emphasize v．强调 emphatic adj. 强调的，重视的 [真题例句(CET 4)] In recent years much more emphasis has been put on developing the students’ productive skills. 最近几年，学校更加注重培养学生的创造能力
ignore v.不顾，忽视(Line9,Para5) [同义词链接]neglect,overlook [拓展记忆]ignorance n.无知 ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的 [真题例句(CET6)] That's not to say parents should ignore homework.First,they should monitor how much home- work their kids have. 这并不是说父母可以忽视孩子的作业，首先他们得知道孩子有多少作业要做。 misinterpret v.对…误解，错误地解释(Line4,Para5) [用法]misinterpret.as.把…误解为 e.g.He misinterpreted my action as a sign of hostility 他将我的行为误解为敌意的表示。 His note on this message misinterprets the author's meaning. 他关于本段的注解曲解了作者的原意。 [构词法]前缀ms表示“错误”、“坏”、“相反”； [相关词汇]misleadv.误导misfortune n.厄运，倒霉 mistrustv.不信任 misunderstand v.误解 [同义词链接]misunderstand [反义词链接]interpret [拓展记忆]misinterpretation n.误解，曲解 quit v.离开，辞去工作，停止，放弃(Line 10,Para5) [用法1]quit doing.停止做…，放弃… e.g.He should really quit smoking. 他真该戒烟。 [用法2]quit..for.离开…去… e.g.He quitted Cambridge for London. 他离开剑桥去了伦敦。 [用法3]quit oneself of..使自己摆脱… e.g.Quickly she quitted herself of fear. 很快，她使自己摆脱了恐惧。 [同义词链接]give up,resign [反义词链接]persist,stick to [真题例句(CET6] Even now more and more kids are going online,I believe few of them will quit school altogether. 尽管现在越来越多的孩子上网，但是我不认为学生们会集体退学。 react v.反应，做出反应，起化学反应(Line3,Para5) [用法1]react against反抗，反对 2
2 ignore v. 不顾，忽视 (Line 9, Para 5) [同义词链接] neglect, overlook [拓展记忆] ignorance n．无知 ignorant adj．无知的，愚昧的 [真题例句(CET 6)] That’s not to say parents should ignore homework. First, they should monitor how much homework their kids have． 这并不是说父母可以忽视孩子的作业，首先他们得知道孩子有多少作业要做。 misinterpret v．对……误解，错误地解释 (Line 4, Para 5) [用法] misinterpret … as … 把…… 误解为…… e.g. He misinterpreted my action as a sign of hostility. 他将我的行为误解为敌意的表示。 His note on this message misinterprets the author’s meaning． 他关于本段的注解曲解了作者的原意。 [构词法] 前缀 mis- 表示“错误”、“坏”、“相反”； [相关词汇]mislead v.误导 misfortune n. 厄运，倒霉 mistrust v．不信任 misunderstand v．误解 [同义词链接]misunderstand [反义词链接]interpret [拓展记忆]misinterpretation n．误解，曲解 quit v．离开，辞去工作，停止，放弃 (Line 10, Para 5) [用法 1] quit doing … 停止做……, 放弃…… e.g. He should really quit smoking． 他真该戒烟。 [用法 2] quit … for … 离开…… 去…… e.g. He quitted Cambridge for London． 他离开剑桥去了伦敦。 [用法 3] quit oneself of … 使自己摆脱…… e.g. Quickly she quitted herself of fear． 很快，她使自己摆脱了恐惧。 [同义词链接] give up, resign [反义词链接] persist, stick to [真题例句(CET 6)] Even now more and more kids are going online, I believe few of them will quit school altogether． 尽管现在越来越多的孩子上网，但是我不认为学生们会集体退学。 react v．反应，做出反应，起化学反应 (Line 3, Para 5) [用法 1] react against 反抗，反对
e.g.They react against the formality of their predecessors. 他们一反前任的刻板拘泥而行之。 [用法2]react on/upon对…有影响，对…起反应 e.g.The rise in oil costs reacted on the price of food. 油价上涨影响食品价格。 [用法3]react to反应 e.g.We were alarmed at the way in which John reacted to the drug. 约翰对药物的反应使我们惊慌不己。 [同义词链接]respond [拓展记忆reaction n.反应，作用，看法 reactive adj容易起化学反应的，活性的 reactor n. 起反应的人，反应体 unsupportive adj..不支持的(Line4,Para5) [构词法1]前缀un-表示“不，非”： “相反”：“做…相反的动作”等。 [相关词汇]unloving adj.无爱心的 unhappy ad.不快乐的 unconcern n.冷淡，漠然unburden v.解除负担，释负 [构词法2]后缀-iv是形容词后缀，表示“…的”；“容易…的”：“…性的”等。 [相关词汇]relative adj.相对的 conductive adj.传导的 productive ad山.有生产力的，多产的 [同义词链接]be against,disapprove [反义词链接]be for,,approve,supportive Difficult Sentences难句详解 从 1.When Martians and Venusians first got together,they encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today.(Line 1,Para.1) 译双当火星人和金星人最初在一起时，也遇到了我们目前存在的许多人际关系问题。 Explanation: l)get together:to have a meeting or party聚会，相聚 e.g.All the members of the family get together once a year. 2)encounter:v. a.experience something,esp.problems or opposition(反对意见)遭遇，遇到 e.g.Every day of our lives we encounter stresses of one kind or another. b.meet,esp.unexpectedly:come upon偶然遇见，突然遇到 e.g.Yesterday,I encountered an old friend in the market. n.相遇，邂逅 e.g.A fortunate encounter brought the two friends together after a long separation. 两位老朋友长期分离这次才有幸相遇。 3)[辨析]：relationship,relation和relations 这三个词均可以表示人或物之间的关联。 relationship用于人与人之间的关系，可以特指恋爱，情感关系。 e.g.We had been together for two years,but both of us felt the relationship wasn't really going
3 e.g. They react against the formality of their predecessors． 他们一反前任的刻板拘泥而行之。 [用法 2] react on / upon 对……有影响，对……起反应 e.g. The rise in oil costs reacted on the price of food. 油价上涨影响食品价格。 [用法 3] react to 反应 e.g. We were alarmed at the way in which John reacted to the drug． 约翰对药物的反应使我们惊慌不已。 [同义词链接]respond [拓展记忆] reaction n． 反应，作用，看法 reactive adj 容易起化学反应的，活性的 reactor n. 起反应的人，反应体 unsupportive adj. 不支持的(Line 4, Para 5) [构词法 1] 前缀 un- 表示“不，非”； “相反”；“做……相反的动作”等。 [相关词汇] unloving adj. 无爱心的 unhappy adj. 不快乐的 unconcern n．冷淡，漠然 unburden v. 解除负担，释负 [构词法 2]后缀-ive 是形容词后缀，表示“…… 的”； “容易…… 的”；“……性的”等。 [相关词汇] relative adj. 相对的 conductive adj. 传导的 productive adj. 有生产力的，多产的 [同义词链接] be against, disapprove [反义词链接] be for, approve, supportive Difficult Sentences 难句详解 1. When Martians and Venusians first got together, they encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today.（Line 1, Para. 1） 译文当火星人和金星人最初在一起时，也遇到了我们目前存在的许多人际关系问题。 Explanation: 1) get together: to have a meeting or party 聚会，相聚 e.g. All the members of the family get together once a year. 2) encounter: v. a. experience something, esp. problems or opposition（反对意见） 遭遇，遇到 e.g. Every day of our lives we encounter stresses of one kind or another. b. meet, esp. unexpectedly； come upon 偶然遇见，突然遇到 e.g. Yesterday, I encountered an old friend in the market. n. 相遇，邂逅 e.g. A fortunate encounter brought the two friends together after a long separation. 两位老朋友长期分离这次才有幸相遇。 3) [辨析]：relationship, relation 和 relations 这三个词均可以表示人或物之间的关联。 relationship 用于人与人之间的关系，可以特指恋爱，情感关系。 e.g. We had been together for two years, but both of us felt the relationship wasn't really going
anywhere. 我们在一起已经两年了，但我们双方都觉得这段感情不会有什么结果。 relationship和relation可以指相互依存的物与物之间的关系。 e.g.the relationship/relation between temperature and humidity温度和湿度的关系 relations可以用来指人际或团体之间比较正式的或者比较疏远的关系。 e.g.The government makes noises about better relations with its neighboring countries. 政府一再宣扬要处理好同邻国的关系。 Paraphrase:When Martians and Venusians have a meeting for the first time,they met many of the problems with relationships that still exist today. 2.To fully express their feelings,women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and use various superlatives,metaphors,and generalizations.(Line 1,Para.5) 译为了充分表达她们的感受，女人们往往会把事实夸大一点以引起注意，并使用各种最高 级、隐喻以及笼统的概括。 Explanation: tend:v. l)to have a tendency,.be likely to do sth.容易，倾向于 e.g.We tend to make mistakes when we do things in a hurry.忙中不免出错。 2)to move or develop one's course in a certain direction朝着..方向发展，通向 e.g.Interest rates are tending upwards.利率正在上升 Paraphrase:In order to express their feelings more completely,women are likely to exaggerate the facts a little bit to draw attention and use various superlatives,metaphors,and generations. 3.Because they misunderstand the intended meaning,they commonly react in an unsupportive manner.(Line 3.Para.5) 译文他们误解了女人想要表达的意思，便常常以不赞同的态度来回应她们。 Explanation: intended meaning:想要表达的意思，本意 intend的用法：intend to do sth 类似表达： mean to do sth.:to intend to do something,especially something that you do not do,because you forget,or because you do not have a chance to do it. e.g.What do you mean to do with the black-and-white TV set? 你打算怎样处理这台黑白电视机？ Breaking the vase was purely accidental:she did not mean to do it. 打碎花瓶纯粹是偶然失手：她无意弄坏它。 be looking to do sth.:to intend to achieve something that you are sure you can achieve e.g.I'm looking to improve my eyesight in this way 我指望用这种方法来改善我的视力。 set out to do sth.:to decide to do something and make plans in order to try and achieve it,es- pecially in a very determined way e.g.Much of the time when we set out to do something,we go in with a mindset of trying 很多时候，当我们开始着手做某件事情，都是抱着试试看的心态
4 anywhere. 我们在一起已经两年了，但我们双方都觉得这段感情不会有什么结果。 relationship 和 relation 可以指相互依存的物与物之间的关系。 e.g. the relationship/relation between temperature and humidity 温度和湿度的关系 relations 可以用来指人际或团体之间比较正式的或者比较疏远的关系。 e.g. The government makes noises about better relations with its neighboring countries. 政府一再宣扬要处理好同邻国的关系。 Paraphrase: When Martians and Venusians have a meeting for the first time, they met many of the problems with relationships that still exist today. 2. To fully express their feelings, women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations.（Line 1, Para. 5） 译文为了充分表达她们的感受，女人们往往会把事实夸大一点以引起注意，并使用各种最高 级、隐喻以及笼统的概括。 Explanation: tend: v. 1) to have a tendency, be likely to do sth. 容易，倾向于 e.g. We tend to make mistakes when we do things in a hurry. 忙中不免出错。 2) to move or develop one’s course in a certain direction 朝着…方向发展,通向 e.g. Interest rates are tending upwards. 利率正在上升. Paraphrase: In order to express their feelings more completely, women are likely to exaggerate the facts a little bit to draw attention and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generations. 3. Because they misunderstand the intended meaning, they commonly react in an unsupportive manner. (Line 3, Para. 5) 译文他们误解了女人想要表达的意思，便常常以不赞同的态度来回应她们。 Explanation: intended meaning: 想要表达的意思，本意 intend 的用法：intend to do sth. 类似表达: mean to do sth.: to intend to do something, especially something that you do not do, because you forget, or because you do not have a chance to do it. e.g. What do you mean to do with the black-and-white TV set? 你打算怎样处理这台黑白电视机？ Breaking the vase was purely accidental；she did not mean to do it. 打碎花瓶纯粹是偶然失手；她无意弄坏它。 be looking to do sth.: to intend to achieve something that you are sure you can achieve e.g. I’m looking to improve my eyesight in this way. 我指望用这种方法来改善我的视力。 set out to do sth.: to decide to do something and make plans in order to try and achieve it, especially in a very determined way e.g. Much of the time when we set out to do something, we go in with a mindset of trying. 很多时候，当我们开始着手做某件事情，都是抱着试试看的心态
After-Class Reading Misunderstandings Words&Usae词汇精 attendant n.服务人员，侍者(Line 12,Para3) [用法l]an attendant on the bride at a wedding婚宴上的伴娘 [用法2]ward attendants in a hospital医院病房里的医务人员 [用法3]aflight attendant客机上的服务员 [构词法]-ant在这里是名词后缀，表示“进行…动作的人” [同义词链接]waiter [相关词汇]assistant n.助手，帮手 foreigner n.外国人(Line4,Para6) [构词法]-er是名词后缀，表示人 [相关词汇]player n.演员speaker n.演讲者lover n.情人drivern.司机 另外，后缀-er还可以表示“用于…的器械”。例如：opener起子 [拓展记忆]foreign ad山.国外的 [真题例句(CET4)] They were denied admission to the military exhibition because they were foreigners. 因为他们是外国人，所以没有被同意参观军事展览。 gasp v.喘气，倒抽气，喘着气说话(Line 12,Para3) [用法]gasp forth/out喘着气说出 [用法2]be gasping for/after渴望，切望 e.g.The exhausted football player threw himself down and gasped. 筋疲力尽的足球运动员一头栽倒，喘着粗气。 "Help Help!"Gasped the drowning man. “救命！救命！”溺水的人呼吸急促地喊道。 [同义词链接]breath,pant [拓展记忆]gasper n.喘气者 highway n.公路，交通要道Line7,Para2) [用法]highway for..…的主要路线 e.g.The river was the only highway for commerce. 这条河是唯一的贸易通道。 [拓展记忆]合成词high+way。英语里合成词很多，如：blackboard黑板：babysitter保姆： 5
5 After-Class Reading Misunderstandings Words & Usage 词汇精讲 attendant n．服务人员，侍者(Line 12, Para 3) [用法 1] an attendant on the bride at a wedding 婚宴上的伴娘 [用法 2] ward attendants in a hospital 医院病房里的医务人员 [用法 3] a flight attendant 客机上的服务员 [构词法]-ant 在这里是名词后缀，表示“进行……动作的人” [同义词链接]waiter [相关词汇]assistant n．助手，帮手 foreigner n．外国人(Line 4, Para 6) [构词法]-er 是名词后缀，表示人 [相关词汇]player n．演员 speaker n．演讲者 lover n．情人 driver n．司机 另外，后缀-er 还可以表示“用于……的器械”。例如：opener 起子 [拓展记忆] foreign adj. 国外的 [真题例句(CET4)] They were denied admission to the military exhibition because they were foreigners. 因为他们是外国人，所以没有被同意参观军事展览。 gasp v．喘气，倒抽气，喘着气说话(Line 12, Para 3) [用法 1] gasp forth/out 喘着气说出 [用法 2]be gasping for/after 渴望，切望 e.g. The exhausted football player threw himself down and gasped． 筋疲力尽的足球运动员一头栽倒，喘着粗气。 “Help ! Help!” Gasped the drowning man. “救命！救命！”溺水的人呼吸急促地喊道。 [同义词链接]breath , pant [拓展记忆] gasper n．喘气者 highway n．公路，交通要道(Line 7, Para 2) [用法] highway for … ……的主要路线 e.g. The river was the only highway for commerce． 这条河是唯一的贸易通道。 [拓展记忆]合成词 high + way。英语里合成词很多，如：blackboard 黑板；babysitter 保姆；
pigtail马尾辫：sweetheart情人 uncombed adj.未梳理过的，蓬乱的（亿inel,Para1) [构词法]un-表否定 [相关词汇]unanswered未予答复的 unassigned未分配的 unbind松开 unpleasant不高兴的 unlock开锁 unreasonable不合理的 unromantic不浪漫的 [构词法]-d是形容词后缀，表示“…的”，“与…有关的”，“属于…的”及“具有… 性质的”。 [相关词汇]warm-hearted热心肠的 escaped逃跑的 cultured有文化的 [同义词链接]messy [反义词链接]tidy 知ifficult Sentences难句详解袋 1.In Baltimore,Maryland,he got in a bus and headed straight for the restroom.(Line 2,Para.1) 译文在马里兰州的巴尔的摩，他跳上一辆巴士，直奔厕所而去。 Explanation: 句子中的“straight'”是一个副词，意思是“without pausing or delaying;immediately”(直 接地，径直地)。 e.g.He went to bed straight after supper. 他吃好晚饭就去睡了。 Straight ahead were the low cabins of the motel 正前方就是汽车旅馆的低矮小木屋。 2.He thought he heard his flight announced,so he walked to the gate,showed his ticket,and got on the plane.(Line 4,Para.3) 译文他以为听到自己航班的登机广播了，于是走向登机门，出示了机票，登上了飞机。 Explanation: 在heard his flight announced中，his flight是感官动词hear的宾语，announced是过去分词， 作宾语补足语。 e.g.In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed. Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity. 此处林充宾语朴足语用法： 英语中，有些动词若只带一个宾语，句子的意义还很不完整，须另带一部分来说明宾语的 情况或状态，我们就把这一部分叫做宾语朴足语，简称宾补。名词、形容词、动词不定式 及-ing形式等都可以作宾补
6 pigtail 马尾辫；sweetheart 情人 uncombed adj. 未梳理过的，蓬乱的(Line 1, Para 1) [构词法]un -表否定 [相关词汇]unanswered 未予答复的 unassigned 未分配的 unbind 松开 unpleasant 不高兴的 unlock 开锁 unreasonable 不合理的 unromantic 不浪漫的 [构词法]-ed 是形容词后缀，表示“……的”，“与……有关的”，“属于……的”及“具有…… 性质的”。 [相关词汇]warm-hearted 热心肠的 escaped 逃跑的 cultured 有文化的 [同义词链接]messy [反义词链接]tidy Difficult Sentences 难句详解 1. In Baltimore, Maryland, he got in a bus and headed straight for the restroom. (Line 2, Para. 1) 译文在马里兰州的巴尔的摩，他跳上一辆巴士，直奔厕所而去。 Explanation： 句子中的 “straight”是一个副词，意思是“without pausing or delaying； immediately”（直 接地，径直地）。 e.g. He went to bed straight after supper. 他吃好晚饭就去睡了。 Straight ahead were the low cabins of the motel. 正前方就是汽车旅馆的低矮小木屋。 2. He thought he heard his flight announced, so he walked to the gate, showed his ticket, and got on the plane. (Line 4, Para. 3) 译文他以为听到自己航班的登机广播了，于是走向登机门，出示了机票，登上了飞机。 Explanation： 在 heard his flight announced 中，his flight 是感官动词 hear 的宾语，announced 是过去分词， 作宾语补足语。 e.g. In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed． Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity． 此处补充宾语补足语用法： 英语中，有些动词若只带一个宾语，句子的意义还很不完整，须另带一部分来说明宾语的 情况或状态，我们就把这一部分叫做宾语补足语，简称宾补。名词、形容词、动词不定式 及-ing 形式等都可以作宾补
过去分词作宾林的用法小结： 一、可以接过去分词作宾补的动词： I)表感知的a动词：eel,see,hear,watch,smell,.tase,notice,.observe,find等。 e.g.I heard the song sung in our school. Can you smell the food burnt 2)表使役的动词：hane,make,get等。如： e.g.Speak a little louder to make yourself heard by us all. We should work harder to get the work done on time. 3)表保持某种状态的动词：keep,leave等。如： e.g.While you were out,you should keep your doors and windows closed. It is bad manners ifhe left the door broken after he broke it. 4)表愿望，想法的动词：wanl,should like,would like等。如： e.g.I want my eggs fried. I'd like Lee invited,too. 二、过去分词作宾朴与其它非谓语动词作宾朴的比较： )及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，表被动，说明宾语是过去分词动作的承受者：而不定 式、-g形式作宾补时，表主动，说明宾语是补足语的动作执行者。如： We have our classroom cleaned after school every day.(classroom与clean之间为逻辑 上的被动关系)试比较： The teacher will have Tom clean the classroom today..(Tom与clean之间为逻辑上的主 动关系) We found the trees planted already..(trees与plant之间为逻辑上的动宾关系) 试比较： We found many people planting trees there.(people与plam之间为逻辑上的主动关系) 2)不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，表动作的完成，说明分词的动作发生在谓语动词之 前：不定式作宾补时，一般表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之后发生，但动词feel,see, hear,watch.smel,tase,notice,observe后的不定式作宾补时（不定式的1o须省略）， 表示不定式动作的全过程：而ig形式作宾补时，表示动作正在进行。如： When I go1home,I found my wallet gone..(“丢”这一动作己经完成) 试比较： I heard my mother sing this song..(“我”见了“唱”的整个过程) When I came here,I saw my little sister reading an English book..(“读书”这一s动f作正 在进行) 3.Oakland was north of Los Angeles,but the plane seemed to be heading west,and when he looked out his window all he could see was ocean.(Line 8,Para.3) 译文奥克兰位于洛杉矶的北面，可飞机似乎在向西飞行，他朝舷窗外一看，看到的却是一片 汪洋大海。 Explanation: 本句中“head”一词是动词，意为“go in a particular direction”(向某一地点前进) e.g.He headed for the bus stop. 他朝着公共汽车站走去。 It is not clear how many of them will be heading back to Saudi Arabia tomorrow. 还不清楚他们中间有多少人明天要回沙特阿拉伯
7 过去分词作宾补的用法小结： 一、可以接过去分词作宾补的动词： 1) 表感知的动词：feel, see, hear, watch, smell, taste，notice, observe, find 等。 e.g. I heard the song sung in our school． Can you smell the food burnt？ 2) 表使役的动词：have, make, get 等。如： e.g. Speak a little louder to make yourself heard by us all． We should work harder to get the work done on time． 3) 表保持某种状态的动词：keep，leave 等。如： e.g. While you were out, you should keep your doors and windows closed． It is bad manners if he left the door broken after he broke it． 4) 表愿望，想法的动词：want, should like, would like 等。如： e.g. I want my eggs fried． I’d like Lee invited, too． 二、过去分词作宾补与其它非谓语动词作宾补的比较： 1) 及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，表被动，说明宾语是过去分词动作的承受者；而不定 式、-ing 形式作宾补时，表主动，说明宾语是补足语的动作执行者。如： We have our classroom cleaned after school every day. （classroom 与 clean 之间为逻辑 上的被动关系）试比较： The teacher will have Tom clean the classroom today. （Tom 与 clean 之间为逻辑上的主 动关系） We found the trees planted already. （trees 与 plant 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系） 试比较： We found many people planting trees there．（people 与 plant 之间为逻辑上的主动关系） 2) 不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，表动作的完成，说明分词的动作发生在谓语动词之 前；不定式作宾补时，一般表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之后发生，但动词 feel, see, hear, watch, smell, taste, notice, observe 后的不定式作宾补时（不定式的 to 须省略）， 表示不定式动作的全过程；而-ing 形式作宾补时，表示动作正在进行。如： When I got home, I found my wallet gone．（“丢”这一动作已经完成） 试比较： I heard my mother sing this song.（“我”见了“唱”的整个过程） When I came here，I saw my little sister reading an English book.（“读书”这一动作正 在进行） 3. Oakland was north of Los Angeles, but the plane seemed to be heading west, and when he looked out his window all he could see was ocean. (Line 8, Para. 3) 译文奥克兰位于洛杉矶的北面，可飞机似乎在向西飞行，他朝舷窗外一看，看到的却是一片 汪洋大海。 Explanation： 本句中“head”一词是动词，意为“go in a particular direction”（向某一地点前进）. e.g. He headed for the bus stop. 他朝着公共汽车站走去。 It is not clear how many of them will be heading back to Saudi Arabia tomorrow. 还不清楚他们中间有多少人明天要回沙特阿拉伯
4.Not all misunderstanding result in highways being closed or passengers flying to the wrong continent.(Line 3,Para.4) 译文但这种误会并不是每次都导致高速公路关闭或旅客错飞到别的大陆这样的后果。 Explanation: 本句中，highways being closed和passengers flying to the wrong continent都是result in的宾 语，都是由“名词+动名词词组”构成，是复合宾语。 e.g.The accident resulted in two children's dying. His recommendation letter resulted in her getting the job 5.When similar-sounding words cause a misunderstanding,probably the best thing to do is just laugh and learn from the mistake.(Line 2,Para.7) 译文当近音词造成误会时，也许最好的做法是一笑了之并从中吸取教训。 Explanation: 在一些句型中，作表语用的动词不定式前面的o有时可以省略，尤其是当主语中含有动 词do时。 e.g.The best you can do is wait. What I can do is try my best. At this very moment,all she could do is trust him. 8
8 4. Not all misunderstanding result in highways being closed or passengers flying to the wrong continent. (Line 3, Para. 4) 译文但这种误会并不是每次都导致高速公路关闭或旅客错飞到别的大陆这样的后果。 Explanation： 本句中，highways being closed 和 passengers flying to the wrong continent 都是 result in 的宾 语，都是由“名词+动名词词组”构成，是复合宾语。 e.g. The accident resulted in two children’s dying. His recommendation letter resulted in her getting the job. 5. When similar-sounding words cause a misunderstanding, probably the best thing to do is just laugh and learn from the mistake. (Line 2, Para. 7) 译文当近音词造成误会时，也许最好的做法是一笑了之并从中吸取教训。 Explanation： 在一些句型中，作表语用的动词不定式前面的 to 有时可以省略，尤其是当主语中含有动 词 do 时。 e.g. The best you can do is wait. What I can do is try my best. At this very moment, all she could do is trust him