2006-2007第一学期大学英语三级期末考试试卷 2007-1-17 The Test Paper for the Final Exam of College English Course,Band Three, School of Foreign Languages, Renmin University of China Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(20%) Passage One Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage Somebody ought to defend the workaholic ()These people are unjustly accused and abused-often called sick or on the border of being mad. One-third of American business and commerce is carried on the shoulders of workaholics.The ratio might exist in art and science too. Workaholics are the achievers.It is as though we are against those who make uncommon sacrifices because they enjoy doing something. Some popular psychologists say that workaholic has an inferiority complex( )which leads to overcompensation.This is certainly not the case.Inferiority, or low esteem,describes laziness more accurately than it describes devotion. We do not seem to realize that very little excellence as achieved by living a well-balanced life.Edison,Ford,Einstein,Freud all had single-minded devotion to work by means of which they sacrificed many things,including family and friendship.The blame is made that workaholics bear guilt by not being good parents or spouses.But guilt can exist in the balanced life also.Consider how many "normal"people find,at middle age,that they have never done anything well,they are going to settle for less than what they could have become. 1.According to the passage,which of the following statement is true? A.Two-thirds of art and science work are on the shoulders of workaholics. B.Most of American business is done by workaholics. C.One-third of American art and business work are done by non-workaholics
2006-2007 第一学期大学英语三级期末考试试卷 2007-1-17 The Test Paper for the Final Exam of College English Course, Band Three, School of Foreign Languages, Renmin University of China Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (20%) Passage One Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage Somebody ought to defend the workaholic (工作狂). These people are unjustly accused and abused—often called sick or on the border of being mad. One-third of American business and commerce is carried on the shoulders of workaholics. The ratio might exist in art and science too. Workaholics are the achievers. It is as though we are against those who make uncommon sacrifices because they enjoy doing something. Some popular psychologists say that workaholic has an inferiority complex(自 卑感)which leads to overcompensation. This is certainly not the case. Inferiority, or low esteem, describes laziness more accurately than it describes devotion. We do not seem to realize that very little excellence as achieved by living a well-balanced life. Edison, Ford, Einstein, Freud all had single-minded devotion to work by means of which they sacrificed many things, including family and friendship. The blame is made that workaholics bear guilt by not being good parents or spouses. But guilt can exist in the balanced life also. Consider how many “normal” people find, at middle age, that they have never done anything well, they are going to settle for less than what they could have become. 1. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? A. Two-thirds of art and science work are on the shoulders of workaholics. B. Most of American business is done by workaholics. C. One-third of American art and business work are done by non-workaholics
D.Workaholics play very important roles in art and science fields. 2.In the last paragraph,the word "well-balanced"probably means A.happy B.regular C.good D.rich 3.According to this passage_ A.Freud led a well-balanced life B.great men are never moral people C.generally speaking,workaholics can be helped D.workaholics should be admired 4.The author of this passage would be most likely to agree that the workaholic A.is mentally ill B.feels guiltier than most of us C.suffers from low self-esteem D.will not have the regrets that many "normal"people face at middle age 5.The author's primary concern in this passage is to. A.point out the role the workaholic plays in the American economy B.defend people who are absorbed in work C.encourage us not to worry about our being imperfect D.consider the difficulties that confront us at middle-age Passage Two Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage The fact that blinded people can "see"things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes,may help us to understand our feelings about color. If they can sense color differences,then perhaps we,too,are affected by color unconsciously. Manufacturers have discovered by trial and error that sugar sells badly in green wrappings,that blue foods are considered unpleasant,and the cosmetics should never be packaged in brown.These discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of color psychology that now finds application in everything from fashion to interior decoration.Some of our preferences are clearly psychological.Dark blue is the color
D. Workaholics play very important roles in art and science fields. 2. In the last paragraph, the word “well-balanced” probably means _____. A. happy B. regular C. good D. rich 3. According to this passage _____. A. Freud led a well-balanced life B. great men are never moral people C. generally speaking, workaholics can be helped D. workaholics should be admired 4. The author of this passage would be most likely to agree that the workaholic _____. A. is mentally ill B. feels guiltier than most of us C. suffers from low self-esteem D. will not have the regrets that many “normal” people face at middle age 5. The author’s primary concern in this passage is to _____. A. point out the role the workaholic plays in the American economy B. defend people who are absorbed in work C. encourage us not to worry about our being imperfect D. consider the difficulties that confront us at middle-age Passage Two Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage The fact that blinded people can “see” things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes, may help us to understand our feelings about color. If they can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously. Manufacturers have discovered by trial and error that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and the cosmetics should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of color psychology that now finds application in everything from fashion to interior decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color
of the night sky and therefore associated with passivity and calm,while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive.For primitive man,activity during the day meant hunting and attacking,while he soon saw as red,the color of blood and rage and the heat that came with effort.And green is associated with passive defense and self-preservation.Experiments have shown that colors,partly because of their psychological associations,also have a direct physiological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat,and blood pressure;red is exciting.Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect;it is a calming color.Because of its exciting connotations,red was chosen as the signal for danger,but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alertness,so fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead. 6.Manufacturers found out that color affects sales_ A.by experience over a long period of time B.by experimenting with different colors C.by trying out color on blind people D.by developing the discipline of color psychology 7.Our preferences for certain colors are_. A.associated with time of day B.dependent on our character C.linked with our primitive ancestors D.partly due to psychological factors 8.If people are exposed to bright red,which of the following things does not happen? A.They breathe faster. B.They feel afraid. C.Their blood pressure rises. D.Their hearts beat faster. 9.Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage? A.Color probably has an effect on us which we are not conscious of
of the night sky and therefore associated with passivity and calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive. For primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw as red, the color of blood and rage and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-preservation. Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their psychological associations, also have a direct physiological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat, and blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting connotations, red was chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alertness, so fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead. 6. Manufacturers found out that color affects sales _____. A. by experience over a long period of time B. by experimenting with different colors C. by trying out color on blind people D. by developing the discipline of color psychology 7. Our preferences for certain colors are _____. A. associated with time of day B. dependent on our character C. linked with our primitive ancestors D. partly due to psychological factors 8. If people are exposed to bright red, which of the following things does not happen? A. They breathe faster. B. They feel afraid. C. Their blood pressure rises. D. Their hearts beat faster. 9. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage? A. Color probably has an effect on us which we are not conscious of
B.Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced communities. C.People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly. D.The psychology of color is of some practical use. 10.Which of the following would be the most suitable title? A.The Discipline of Color Psychology. B.Color and Its Connotations. C.The Practical Use of Color. D.Color and Feelings. Part II Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A Direction:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. 11.A)Get out of the car. B)Pay the parking fine C)Take his coat off. D)Make a right turn. 12.A)Seventeen pence B)Seventeen percent of the bill C)Seventy pence D)Seven percent of the bill 13.A)Before dinner B)During dinner. C)Right after dinner D)The next day. 14.A)In a courthouse. B)In a warehouse. C)In a department store D)In a fashion designer's studio. 15.A)He rearranged his artwork a while ago. B)Most people frequently change their minds. C)He sometimes considers changing majors. D)Everyone's inside for a short time. 16.A)She went shopping yesterday. B)She doesn't like to go shopping. C)She doesn't live near the shops. D)She prefers shopping to
B. Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced communities. C. People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly. D. The psychology of color is of some practical use. 10. Which of the following would be the most suitable title? A. The Discipline of Color Psychology. B. Color and Its Connotations. C. The Practical Use of Color. D. Color and Feelings. Part II Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A Direction: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. 11. A) Get out of the car. B) Pay the parking fine C) Take his coat off. D) Make a right turn. 12. A) Seventeen pence B) Seventeen percent of the bill C) Seventy pence D) Seven percent of the bill 13. A) Before dinner B) During dinner. C) Right after dinner D) The next day. 14. A) In a courthouse. B) In a warehouse. C) In a department store D) In a fashion designer’s studio. 15. A) He rearranged his artwork a while ago. B) Most people frequently change their minds. C) He sometimes considers changing majors. D) Everyone’s inside for a short time. 16. A) She went shopping yesterday. B) She doesn’t like to go shopping. C) She doesn’t live near the shops. D) She prefers shopping to
studying. 17.A)Because it's too late now to call Helen. B)Because Helen doesn't get up until six o'clock. C)Because she has a bad memory. D)Because she wanted to call Helen before the rates went up. 18.A)10:45 B）10:40 C)10:55 D)11:00 Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19.A)Because it was boring. B)Because it was violent. C)Because the acting was not good D)Because the scenery was bad. 20.A)Good. B)Superb. C)Breathtaking. D)Excellent. 21.A)Because he was giving his attention to the characters. B)Because he was busy appreciating the plot. C)Because he was upset by the violence. D)Because he felt sleepy. 22.A)Two cowboys traced their cows. B)Two cobs who sold drug. C)Two policemen pursued the criminals. D)Two drug dealers being caught by the police. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23.A)Typing letters outside marketing. B)Typing records of meetings. C)Giving out the letters. D)Extra work she is expected to do. 24.A)Rarely. B)Twice a day. C)Occasionally. D)Once a day. 25.A)Because she likes it. B)Because it's usually related to marketing. C)Because someone else helps her with it
studying. 17. A) Because it’s too late now to call Helen. B) Because Helen doesn’t get up until six o’clock. C) Because she has a bad memory. D) Because she wanted to call Helen before the rates went up. 18. A) 10:45 B) 10:40 C) 10:55 D) 11:00 Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) Because it was boring . B) Because it was violent. C) Because the acting was not good D) Because the scenery was bad. 20. A) Good. B) Superb. C) Breathtaking. D) Excellent. 21. A) Because he was giving his attention to the characters. B) Because he was busy appreciating the plot. C) Because he was upset by the violence. D) Because he felt sleepy. 22. A) Two cowboys traced their cows. B) Two cobs who sold drug. C) Two policemen pursued the criminals. D) Two drug dealers being caught by the police. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) Typing letters outside marketing. B) Typing records of meetings. C) Giving out the letters. D) Extra work she is expected to do. 24. A) Rarely. B) Twice a day. C) Occasionally. D) Once a day. 25. A) Because she likes it. B) Because it’s usually related to marketing. C) Because someone else helps her with it
D)Because her boss is nice to her. Section B Directions:In this section,you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26.A)They told the newspaper about the matter. B)They told the public about the matter. C)They kept it secret. D)They told a few people. 27.A)The signals were coming from the moon. B)The signals were coming from the earth. C)The signals were coming from other planets. D)The signals were coming from the Mars. 28.A)The signals came from a“pulsar”, B)No answer came from a“pulsar”. C)Only one pulsar exists. D)Something like a“pulsar”exists. Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29.A)5 trillion cigarettes have been consumed last year. B)Chinese smoke heavily than those in the west. C)Cigarettes give many people a good deal of pleasure. D)Every people smoked 1,200 cigarettes per year. 30.A)Impose a great deal of fine upon them. B)Put them into prison for years. C)Drive them away from the country. D)Pouring lead down their throat
D) Because her boss is nice to her. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A) They told the newspaper about the matter. B) They told the public about the matter. C) They kept it secret. D) They told a few people. 27. A) The signals were coming from the moon. B) The signals were coming from the earth. C) The signals were coming from other planets. D) The signals were coming from the Mars. 28. A) The signals came from a “pulsar”. B) No answer came from a “pulsar”. C) Only one pulsar exists. D) Something like a “pulsar” exists. Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. A) 5 trillion cigarettes have been consumed last year. B) Chinese smoke heavily than those in the west. C) Cigarettes give many people a good deal of pleasure. D) Every people smoked 1,200 cigarettes per year. 30. A) Impose a great deal of fine upon them. B) Put them into prison for years. C) Drive them away from the country. D) Pouring lead down their throat
31.A)A tranquilizing effect. B)A trilling effect. C)A fascinating effect. D)A surprising effect. Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32.A)Tree rings grow close together. B)Tree rings grow far apart. C)Tree rings are very large. D)The pattern of rings in a tree trunk is the same. 33.A)Tree rings can tell whether in that area the climate was favorable or not. B)Tree rings can tell whether a particular tree was healthy or not. C)Tree rings can tell whether people took good care of the tree or not. D)Tree rings can tell how trees grow so fast. 34.A)It indicates where the people had to go. B)It indicates what the people had to eat. C)It indicates how the people left. D)It indicates why the people had to leave. 35.A)They had cut down all the trees. B)There were many trees there. C)Bad weather stopped the growth of trees. D)They wanted to move to another new area. Section C Directions:In this section,you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just hear.For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or wri te down the main points in your own words.Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you have written
31. A) A tranquilizing effect. B) A trilling effect. C) A fascinating effect. D) A surprising effect. Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. A) Tree rings grow close together. B) Tree rings grow far apart. C) Tree rings are very large. D) The pattern of rings in a tree trunk is the same. 33. A) Tree rings can tell whether in that area the climate was favorable or not. B) Tree rings can tell whether a particular tree was healthy or not. C) Tree rings can tell whether people took good care of the tree or not. D) Tree rings can tell how trees grow so fast. 34. A) It indicates where the people had to go. B) It indicates what the people had to eat. C) It indicates how the people left. D) It indicates why the people had to leave. 35. A) They had cut down all the trees. B) There were many trees there. C) Bad weather stopped the growth of trees. D) They wanted to move to another new area. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just hear. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written
People traveling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land,sea or air.Hardly anyone can (36) en joy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get crowded and stuffy.It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.Reading is only(37)solution.During the day,sleep comes in snatches.At night,when you really wish to go to sleep,you rarely (38) to do so.(39) _you arrive your destination almost (40) Long car journeys are even less pleasant,for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can,at least,travel safely at high speeds,but the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow,bumpy roads that are crowded with traffic. By (41),trips by sea offer a great variety of (42) comforts. You can (43)your leg on the spacious decks,play games,swim,meet interesting people and enjoy good food.(44) Even if you travel in ideal weather,sea journeys take a long time. Airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous. (45) Traveling at a height of 30,000 feet,far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is really unimaginable experience.For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight.An airplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. (46) The journey is usually so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20%) Directions:There are 40 sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Choose the ONE that best completes or suits the sentence.Then write the letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet
People traveling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea or air. Hardly anyone can (36) _____ enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get crowded and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only (37) _____ solution. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely (38) ______ to do so. (39)_________, you arrive your destination almost (40) ________. Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel safely at high speeds, but the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy roads that are crowded with traffic. By (41) _______, trips by sea offer a great variety of (42) _______comforts. You can (43) ______ your leg on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food. (44) ____________________________ Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous. (45) _______________________________ ________________ Traveling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is really unimaginable experience. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. An airplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. (46) __________________________________________________________________. The journey is usually so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey. Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20%) Directions: There are 40 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the ONE that best completes or suits the sentence. Then write the letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet
1.Danger the streets of the city when night falls. A.stalks B.stands C.stages D.stables 2.He was interviewed in a room in soft red light. A.bathed B.bothered C.reflecting puzzling 3.Grandma always paid attention to the needs,wishes and feelings of those around her.She was the most woman I've ever known. A.artificial B.merry C.considerate D.brilliant 4.When total taxes are from personal income,the remainder is called disposable income. A.added B.subtracted C.divided D.multiplied 5.He left his office an hour ago but has not got home yet. he has got stuck in a traffic jam. A.Chance is that B.Chances are that C.By chance that D.With chance that 6.He the problem_in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it. A.switched·on B.kicked…upC.turned…over D.took…on 7.In giving first aid to an electric-shock victim,a caregiver must not touch the victim with hands. A.emptied B.vacuum C.bare D.vacant 8.It is beautiful meat,very _and tender the best ground beef you can get A.lean B.mean C.dean D.jean 9.This report offered the most _and accurate information on the possible defects resulting from cloning. A.specific B.particular C.trivial D.wicked 10.By the time they had waited five hours for their delayed flight,everyone
1．Danger ______ the streets of the city when night falls. A. stalks B. stands C. stages D. stables 2. He was interviewed in a room _____ in soft red light. A. bathed B. bothered C. reflecting D. puzzling 3. Grandma always paid attention to the needs, wishes and feelings of those around her. She was the most _____ woman I’ve ever known. A. artificial B. merry C. considerate D. brilliant 4. When total taxes are _______ from personal income, the remainder is called disposable income. A. added B. subtracted C. divided D. multiplied 5．He left his office an hour ago but has not got home yet. _____ he has got stuck in a traffic jam. A. Chance is that B. Chances are that C. By chance that D. With chance that 6. He ____ the problem ____ in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it. A. switched … on B. kicked … up C. turned … over D. took… on 7. In giving first aid to an electric-shock victim, a caregiver must not touch the victim with _______ hands. A. emptied B. vacuum C. bare D. vacant 8. It is beautiful meat, very _________ and tender – the best ground beef you can get A. lean B. mean C. dean D. jean 9. This report offered the most _____ and accurate information on the possible defects resulting from cloning. A. specific B. particular C. trivial D. wicked 10. By the time they had waited five hours for their delayed flight, everyone
looked A.dreary B.dreadful C.dreamy D.drifting 11.Angela didn't respond to Gavin's charms so he his affections to her best friend Lucy. A.transaction B.transported C.transferred D.transacted 12.We can with four computers at the moment,but we will need a couple more when the new staff arrive. A.get through B.get by C.put down D.put up 13.The sick whale will be taken care of by the scientists before being. A.turned lose B.turned lost C.turned loss D.turned loose 14.An additional $100 million will be spent on the rebuilding of the poorest of the city over the next five years. A.segment B.session C.sensation D.section 15.Yet my mind seemed to be_ something else---some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving. A.rested on B.immersed on C.knocked off D.in quest of 16.I think he must be a captain-he certainly A.takes the part B.looks the part C.takes apart D.looks apart 17.Goods at warehouse clubs,where members are allowed to buy at wholesale price, are much cheaper than in stores. A.resale B.resell C.retail D.restore 18.It is feared that the people living near the power station may have been radiation. A.under way to B.exposed to C.cut down in D.experienced in 19.Red meat,very high in fat and calories,is harmful to health if eaten A.to excel B.except for C.to excess D.in excess 20.He felt confident that he could overcome his and achieve still greater success. A.limitedness B.limits C.legitimate D.limitations
looked ______. A. dreary B. dreadful C. dreamy D. drifting 11. Angela didn’t respond to Gavin’s charms so he ___________ his affections to her best friend Lucy. A. transaction B. transported C. transferred D. transacted 12. We can _____ with four computers at the moment, but we will need a couple more when the new staff arrive. A. get through B. get by C. put down D. put up 13. The sick whale will be taken care of by the scientists before being ________. A. turned lose B. turned lost C. turned loss D. turned loose 14. An additional $100 million will be spent on the rebuilding of the poorest ______________ of the city over the next five years. A. segment B. session C. sensation D. section 15. Yet my mind seemed to be ______ something else --- some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving. A. rested on B. immersed on C. knocked off D. in quest of 16. I think he must be a captain—he certainly _______ . A. takes the part B. looks the part C. takes apart D. looks apart 17. Goods at warehouse clubs, where members are allowed to buy at wholesale price, are much cheaper than in ______________ stores. A. resale B. resell C. retail D. restore 18. It is feared that the people living near the power station may have been ______ radiation. A. under way to B. exposed to C. cut down in D. experienced in 19. Red meat, very high in fat and calories, is harmful to health if eaten _______. A. to excel B. except for C. to excess D. in excess 20. He felt confident that he could overcome his _____________ and achieve still greater success. A. limitedness B. limits C. legitimate D. limitations