秋颂 1 雾气洋溢、果实圆熟的秋， 你和成熟的太阳成为友伴； 你们密谋用累累的珠球， 缀满茅屋檐下的葡萄藤蔓； 使屋前的老树背负着苹果， 让熟味透进果实的心中， 使葫芦胀大，鼓起了榛子壳， 好塞进甜核；又为了蜜蜂 一次一次开放过迟的花朵， 使它们以为日子将永远暖和， 因为夏季早填满它们的粘巢。 2 谁不经常看见你伴着谷仓？ 在田野里也可以把你找到， 你有时随意坐在打麦场上， 让发丝随着簸谷的风轻飘； 有时候，为罂粟花香所沉迷， 你倒卧在收割一半的田垄， 让镰刀歇在下一哇的花旁； 或者.像拾穗人越过小溪
秋颂 1 雾气洋溢、果实圆熟的秋， 你和成熟的太阳成为友伴； 你们密谋用累累的珠球， 缀满茅屋檐下的葡萄藤蔓； 使屋前的老树背负着苹果， 让熟味透进果实的心中， 使葫芦胀大，鼓起了榛子壳， 好塞进甜核；又为了蜜蜂 一次一次开放过迟的花朵， 使它们以为日子将永远暖和， 因为夏季早填满它们的粘巢。 2 谁不经常看见你伴着谷仓？ 在田野里也可以把你找到， 你有时随意坐在打麦场上， 让发丝随着簸谷的风轻飘； 有时候，为罂粟花香所沉迷， 你倒卧在收割一半的田垄， 让镰刀歇在下一畦的花旁； 或者．像拾穗人越过小溪
你昂首背着谷袋，投下倒影， 或者就在榨果架下坐几点钟， 你耐心地瞧着徐徐滴下的酒浆。 3 啊.春日的歌哪里去了？但不要 想这些吧，你也有你的音乐一一 当波状的云把将逝的一天映照， 以胭红抹上残梗散碎的田野， 这时啊，河柳下的一群小飞虫 就同奏哀音，它们忽而飞高， 忽而下落，随着微风的起灭； 篱下的蟋蟀在歌唱，在园中 红胸的知更鸟就群起呼哨； 而群羊在山圈里高声咩叫； 丛飞的燕子在天空呢喃不歇。 (查良铮译) 【Analytical Reading】 何功杰《英语诗歌导读》] Among Keats's odes,Ode to a Nightingale is the greatest,but To Autumn is the most perfect and often regarded as the most achieved of Keats's odes.The poem was composed on 19 September 1819 and published in 1820.It was occasioned by his Sunday walk in the field.The beautiful season of autumn struck him so much that on returning he composed upon
你昂首背着谷袋，投下倒影， 或者就在榨果架下坐几点钟， 你耐心地瞧着徐徐滴下的酒浆。 3 啊．春日的歌哪里去了？但不要 想这些吧，你也有你的音乐—— 当波状的云把将逝的一天映照， 以胭红抹上残梗散碎的田野， 这时啊，河柳下的一群小飞虫 就同奏哀音，它们忽而飞高， 忽而下落，随着微风的起灭； 篱下的蟋蟀在歌唱，在园中 红胸的知更鸟就群起呼哨； 而群羊在山圈里高声咩叫； 丛飞的燕子在天空呢喃不歇。 （查良铮译） 【Analytical Reading】 何功杰《英语诗歌导读》] Among Keats's odes, Ode to a Nightingale is the greatest, but To Autumn is the most perfect and often regarded as the most achieved of Keats's odes. The poem was composed on 19 September 1819 and published in 1820. It was occasioned by his Sunday walk in the field. The beautiful season of autumn struck him so much that on returning he composed upon
it.It is an original,first-hand response to the experience of all aspects of autumn in concrete terms.Among his odes,this is one of the most joyful and exciting in mood. Autumn's beauty rests upon its mellow fruitfulness,and this poem succeeds chiefly in its vivid imagery in presenting its beauty of fruitfulness.The poem progresses from tactile images to visual, culminating in auditory. Stanza 1 focuses on the vegetable world,which is full of visual and tactile images evoking fullness and autumn harvest.In this stanza the poet describes the complete fruition of the vines,the apple trees, and so on.The poem begins from pre-harvesting and lush ripeness.In London, Autumn is the season full of mists as well as the season of bumper harvest. In the love-making image against the background of autumn mists,autumn and the sun work together to make things mature.They make secret plans to load the vines with fruit and wish them happiness.They also make the mossed cottage trees bend with apples and all fruits ripen to the core. They discuss how to cause the gourd to grow bigger and bigger and the hazel shells to become round with a sweet kernel.Besides,they make more and more buds open into flowers for the bees to gather honey for their cells, so that the bees will think that the warm days will last forever. Together with the clammy honey and lovemaking images,enforced by the euphonious sounds as m,f,s,1,etc.,stanza 1 satisfies the reader with mellowness and fullness. Stanza 2 expands the personification of the first stanza and moves on to the repletion of harvest itself.This stanza focuses on the human activity in gathering the harvest,and the images are more visual.In stanza 1,autumn is personified as female in friendly conspiracy with the mature sun";in stanza 2,a girl that suggests a classic figure explicitly represents autumn.The "girl"(autumn)seen in varied postures is filled with a mood of repose,drowsiness and pensiveness while watching "the last oozings hour by hour".The language is highly symbolic in this stanza. The final stanza concludes with the choir of animals,birds and insects,as if in celebration.This stanza praises the music of autumn; therefore,the imagery in the last stanza is mainly auditory.The field is empty now and there is nothing left to feel or see.With the completion of harvest the season will soon be replaced by the bare winter.But there is still music of its own which forms a choir of harvest celebration.The general atmosphere is festival.The sound of this stanza is full of music, too.The last stanza also hints at the transience of time.Autumn,though
it. It is an original, first-hand response to the experience of all aspects of autumn in concrete terms. Among his odes, this is one of the most joyful and exciting in mood. Autumn's beauty rests upon its mellow fruitfulness, and this poem succeeds chiefly in its vivid imagery in presenting its beauty of fruitfulness. The poem progresses from tactile images to visual, culminating in auditory. Stanza 1 focuses on the vegetable world, which is full of visual and tactile images evoking fullness and autumn harvest. In this stanza the poet describes the complete fruition of the vines, the apple trees, and so on. The poem begins from pre-harvesting and lush ripeness. In London， Autumn is the season full of mists as well as the season of bumper harvest. In the love-making image against the background of autumn mists, autumn and the sun work together to make things mature. They make secret plans to load the vines with fruit and wish them happiness. They also make the mossed cottage trees bend with apples and all fruits ripen to the core. They discuss how to cause the gourd to grow bigger and bigger and the hazel shells to become round with a sweet kernel. Besides, they make more and more buds open into flowers for the bees to gather honey for their cells, so that the bees will think that the warm days will last forever. Together with the clammy honey and lovemaking images, enforced by the euphonious sounds as m, f, s, l, etc., stanza 1 satisfies the reader with mellowness and fullness. Stanza 2 expands the personification of the first stanza and moves on to the repletion of harvest itself. This stanza focuses on the human activity in gathering the harvest, and the images are more visual. In stanza 1, autumn is personified as female in friendly conspiracy with the "mature sun"; in stanza 2, a girl that suggests a classic figure explicitly represents autumn. The “girl” (autumn) seen in varied postures is filled with a mood of repose, drowsiness and pensiveness while watching "the last oozings hour by hour". The language is highly symbolic in this stanza. The final stanza concludes with the choir of animals, birds and insects, as if in celebration. This stanza praises the music of autumn; therefore, the imagery in the last stanza is mainly auditory. The field is empty now and there is nothing left to feel or see. With the completion of harvest the season will soon be replaced by the bare winter. But there is still music of its own which forms a choir of harvest celebration. The general atmosphere is festival. The sound of this stanza is full of music, too. The last stanza also hints at the transience of time. Autumn, though
a harvesting season and beautiful,is short and inevitably yields to the bare winter. The poem might be read as well as a movement from morning to noon to evening.If one connects it with the life of a man,he might read it symbolically as growth,maturity,death,and regeneration,though their interconnections are implicit.Taking Keats'life into consideration, it is not without reason to read this poem this way,for this poem was written shortly before his death.So it is tempting to read the poem as a metaphor for his acceptance of the fate that will soon befall him.The circumstances of Keats'life give the poem an added poignancy.In this reading,the poem is to a degree underlined with an undertone of melancholy; and the music in the last stanza can be taken as the dirge of the dying year which evokes a feeling of death and regeneration in the images of "dying day","wailful choir...""clouds bloom"and "gathering swallows twitter in the skies". Rhetorical devices employed in this poem: 1. Apostrophe:"Seasons of mists and mellow fruitfulness!" 2.Personification:In stanza one autumn is represented as a female,a close bosom-friend of the maturing sun (loving-making image).In stanza two,autumn is compared to a girl in varied postures. 3.Allusion:In stanza two,the image of the girl is a classic figure. Each of the four figures has a slight suggestion of the class figure of Ceres. 4.Onomatopoeia:"full-gown lambs loud bleat","hedge-crickets sing", "the redbreastwhistles",and "gathering swallows twitter". 5.Rhetorical questions:"Who has not seen thee oft amid thy store?" "Where are the songs?Aye,where are they? 6.Sounds and meanings are subtly combined: The use of large number of soft consonants,such as s,m,f,v,I,etc., combined with alliterations,bring about particular effects not only in strengthening the meaning but also in increasing the musicality of the poem:“Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness”,“For summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells
a harvesting season and beautiful, is short and inevitably yields to the bare winter. The poem might be read as well as a movement from morning to noon to evening. If one connects it with the life of a man, he might read it symbolically as growth, maturity, death, and regeneration, though their interconnections are implicit. Taking Keats’ life into consideration, it is not without reason to read this poem this way, for this poem was written shortly before his death. So it is tempting to read the poem as a metaphor for his acceptance of the fate that will soon befall him. The circumstances of Keats’ life give the poem an added poignancy. In this reading, the poem is to a degree underlined with an undertone of melancholy; and the music in the last stanza can be taken as the dirge of the dying year which evokes a feeling of death and regeneration in the images of "dying day", "wailful choir…” "clouds bloom" and "gathering swallows twitter in the skies". Rhetorical devices employed in this poem: 1. Apostrophe: "Seasons of mists and mellow fruitfulness!" 2. Personification: In stanza one autumn is represented as a female, a close bosom-friend of the maturing sun (loving-making image). In stanza two, autumn is compared to a girl in varied postures. 3. Allusion: In stanza two, the image of the girl is a classic figure. Each of the four figures has a slight suggestion of the class figure of Ceres. 4. Onomatopoeia: "full-gown lambs loud bleat", "hedge-crickets sing", "the redbreastwhistles", and "gathering swallows twitter". 5. Rhetorical questions: "Who has not seen thee oft amid thy store?" "Where are the songs? Aye, where are they? 6.Sounds and meanings are subtly combined: The use of large number of soft consonants, such as s, m, f, v, l, etc., combined with alliterations, bring about particular effects not only in strengthening the meaning but also in increasing the musicality of the poem: “Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness”, “For summer has o’er-brimm’d their clammy cells
