Types and Forms in English Poetry 诗歌的种类和形式 I.Types of poetry: narrative poems(叙事诗) lyric poems(抒情诗) dramatic poems(戏剧独白诗) ll.Forms of poetry:closed form and open form couplet(双行诗) quatrain(四行节) sonnet(十四行诗)
Types and Forms in English Poetry 诗歌的种类和形式 I. Types of poetry: narrative poems(叙事诗） lyric poems （抒情诗） dramatic poems（戏剧独白诗） II. Forms of poetry: closed form and open form couplet（双行诗） quatrain（四行节） sonnet（十四行诗）
Narrative poetry Narrative poetry tells story and describe actions. It includes the epic(史诗)，romance(罗曼 诗)，and ballad(民谣诗)
Narrative poetry Narrative poetry tells story and describe actions. It includes the epic（史诗）, romance（罗曼 诗）, and ballad（民谣诗)
Lyric poetry A lyric poem presents deep feelings and emotions of the poet rather than telling a story or presenting a witty observation. It includes the elegy(悼念诗)and epigram (讽刺短诗)，sonnet and ode(颂诗))， sestinat(六节诗)，and villanelle(维拉内拉诗)
Lyric poetry A lyric poem presents deep feelings and emotions of the poet rather than telling a story or presenting a witty observation. It includes the elegy（悼念诗） and epigram （讽刺短诗), sonnet and ode(颂诗）)， sestina(六节诗), and villanelle(维拉内拉诗）
Dramatic Poetry/Monologue 戏剧独白诗 Strictly speaking,the term Dramatic poetry describes any verse written for the stage. But it most often refers to the dramatic monologue,a poem written as a speech made by a character(other than the author)at some decisive moment
Dramatic Poetry/Monologue 戏剧独白诗 • Strictly speaking, the term Dramatic poetry describes any verse written for the stage. • But it most often refers to the dramatic monologue, a poem written as a speech made by a character(other than the author) at some decisive moment
Forms of Poetry 按照诗行的组织方式英诗可分成两大类： 固定形式(fixed form.或closed form) 开放形式(open form) 固定形式包括： 格律诗(metrical verse) 无韵体(blank verse:五音步抑扬格不押韵 开放形式又称作自由诗(free verse)
Forms of Poetry 按照诗行的组织方式英诗可分成两大类: 固定形式(fixed form或closed form) 开放形式(open form) 固定形式包括: 格律诗(metrical verse) 无韵体(blank verse):五音步抑扬格不押韵 开放形式又称作自由诗(free verse)
诗的结构 ·最大的形式单位：诗节(stanza) ·其次是诗行(verse) ·再小一点是音步(metrical foot) ·最小单位是单词的音节(syllable)
诗的结构 • 最大的形式单位：诗节(stanza) • 其次是诗行(verse) • 再小一点是音步(metrical foot) • 最小单位是单词的音节(syllable)
诗行的长短 英语诗歌以音步数目计算诗行长短，音步越多， 诗行越长。 ·英语诗行从1至8个音步，各自都有一个专有名 称。 Monometer 单音步 Dimeter 双音步 Trimeter 三音步 Tetrameter 四音步 Pentameter 五音步 Hexameter 六音步 Heptameter七音步 Octameter 八音步
诗行的长短 • 英语诗歌以音步数目计算诗行长短，音步越多， 诗行越长。 • 英语诗行从1至8个音步，各自都有一个专有名 称。 Monometer 单音步 Dimeter 双音步 Trimeter 三音步 Tetrameter 四音步 Pentameter 五音步 Hexameter 六音步 Heptameter 七音步 Octameter 八音步
·五音步和四音步的诗行在英诗中运用最多。 英语诗歌中最有名的传统五音步无韵诗行 称之为无韵体诗行(unrhymed iambic pentameter or blank verse):每行五音步， 抑扬格，行与行之间不押韵。 each line has ten syllables consisting of five unaccented and accented syllable pairs
• 五音步和四音步的诗行在英诗中运用最多。 • 英语诗歌中最有名的传统五音步无韵诗行 称之为无韵体诗行( unrhymed iambic pentameter or blank verse)：每行五音步， 抑扬格，行与行之间不押韵。 • each line has ten syllables consisting of five unaccented and accented syllable pairs
Verse Passage Spoken by Hamlet (Act IlI,Scene I) To be,or not to be:that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them?To die:to sleep; No more;and by a sleep to say we end The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
Verse Passage Spoken by Hamlet (Act III, Scene I) To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep; No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
朱生豪译文 生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题， 是默默忍受恶运的矢石和箭镞， 还是挺身反抗人世无涯的苦难， 从而彻底作一了断，这两种行为， 哪一种更高贵？死了； 睡着了，什么都完了； 要是在这一种睡眠之中， 我们心头的创痛， 以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击 都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局
朱生豪译文 生存还是毁灭,这是一个值得考虑的问题, 是默默忍受恶运的矢石和箭镞, 还是挺身反抗人世无涯的苦难, 从而彻底作一了断,这两种行为, 哪一种更高贵?死了; 睡着了,什么都完了; 要是在这一种睡眠之中, 我们心头的创痛, 以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击, 都可以从此消失,那正是我们求之不得的结局