General anesthetics (全身麻醉药) Anti-epileptics (抗癫痫药)
General anesthetics （全身麻醉药） Anti-epileptics （抗癫痫药）
Anesthesia before drugs Acupuncture ● Before Christian era(BC),2nd Century, 陀，麻沸散刮骨疗毒(scopolamine?)；水浒： “蒙汉药”（洋金花？莨菪类植物) Before mid-19th century:making patient shock by bleeding;.. ● 1930's,strong men holding down the struggling patient while the surgeon worked as fast as possible OEunuch:testes were removed after drunk and/heavily being knocked on the head
Acupuncture Before Christian era (BC), 2nd Century，华 陀，麻沸散刮骨疗毒 (scopolamine?)； 水浒： “蒙汉药” （洋金花？莨菪类植物） Before mid-19th century: making patient shock by bleeding; … 1930’s，strong men holding down the struggling patient while the surgeon worked as fast as possible Eunuch：testes were removed after drunk and/heavily being knocked on the head Anesthesia before drugs
Story of general anesthetics 1842.3.30,American countryside doctor C.W.Long covered the nose of the patient with the towel sprinkling ether and removed the cervical cyst successfully
Story of general anesthetics • 1842.3.30, American countryside doctor C. W. Long covered the nose of the patient with the towel sprinkling ether and removed the cervical cyst successfully
Definition General anesthesia:a state characterized by unconsciousness,.analgesia（镇痛)， amnesia（记忆缺失)，skeletal muscle relaxation and loss of reflexes. (different from just pain relieving)
General anesthesia: a state characterized by unconsciousness, analgesia（镇痛）, amnesia（记忆缺失）, skeletal muscle relaxation and loss of reflexes. (different from just pain relieving) Definition
Larynx Trachea Right Lung Left Lung Bronchi
trachea bronchus bronchiole
bronchus trachea bronchiole
alveolus bronchiole lumen capillary vessel
alveolus bronchiole lumen capillary vessel
capillaries in alveolar walls- alveolar air space bronchiolar epithelium bronchiole lumen
Routes of general anesthetics into and out of the body 。airway→alveoli→blood→brain 。airway←alveoli←blood-brain
Routes of general anesthetics into and out of the body • airway →alveoli →blood →brain • airway ←alveoli ←blood ←brain
